滇中地区因民角砾岩类型、特征及找矿意义

滇中地区“因民角砾岩”的成因及归属问题目前暂无定论。笔者通过对东川-易门地区前人所划的因民组“因民角砾岩”进行1：5万野外地质调查工作，对其进行了初步的分类。根据其成因及时代划分为复成分砾岩、冰碛砾岩、滑塌角砾岩、引爆角砾岩和构造角砾岩。对“因民角砾岩”成因及时代的研究，特别是“冰碛砾岩、复成分砾岩”的提出，对于解决滇中早前寒武纪地层层序、时代归属、构造格架、大地构造位置及大区域地层对比，探讨滇中元古宙地史演化、古环境研究以及指导找矿都具有重要的指示意义。     

九对沟金矿物化探特征及找矿方向

九对沟金矿床受火山角砾岩体及张扭性断裂带控制；成矿元素在角砾岩体中富集；水系沉积物异常显示出矿致异常的特征；共圈定了土壤地球化学单元素异常46处，其中具有找矿意义的组合异常5个；发现的3处微电异常中有两处与化探异常、矿化体叠合性良好。该区的物化探异常显示出矿床有较好的找矿前景。     

Constituent material properties and clast-size distribution of volcanic breccia

Volcanic breccia is a representative heterogeneous rock. As a preliminary study for determining its mechanical properties in laboratory and field experiments, its material properties and structural features were described. Three-dimensional clast-size distribution was also estimated for the study site using the theory of stereology. With this distribution determined, a numerical simulation was performed to investigate the relationship between the volumetric proportion of clasts in a sample and the areal proportion and maximum length of clasts on a lateral surface of the sample. The following observations were made: (1) coefficients of variation for volumetric proportion are dependent on the size of the sample, and became large when the size of the sample is small; (2) samples with a small coefficient of variation can be selected at any size if a restriction is placed on the ratio, D_max/D₀, of the maximum length of clasts to the size of the sample; and (3) the volumetric proportion of clasts in each sample can be estimated from the observed areal proportions within an error range that depends on the whole volumetric proportion.     

Geology of the Gahcho Kué kimberlite pipes, NWT, Canada: root to diatreme magmatic transition zones

The Cambrian Gahcho Kué kimberlite cluster includes four main pipes that have been emplaced into the Archaean basement granitoids of the Slave Craton. Each of the steep-sided pipes were formed by the intrusion of several distinct phases of kimberlite in which the textures vary from hypabyssal kimberlite (HK) to diatreme-facies tuffisitic kimberlite breccia (TKB). The TKB displays many diagnostic features including abundant unaltered country rock xenoliths, pelletal lapilli, serpentinised olivines and a matrix composed of microlitic phlogopite and serpentine without carbonate. The HK contains common fresh olivine set in a groundmass composed of monticellite, phlogopite, perovskite, serpentine and carbonate. A number of separate phases of kimberlite display a magmatic textural gradation from TKB to HK, which is characterised by a decrease in the proportion of pelletal lapilli and country rock xenoliths and an increase in groundmass crystallinity, proportion of fresh olivine and the degree of xenolith digestion.

The pipe shapes and infills of the Gahcho Kué kimberlites are similar to those of the classic South African pipes, particularly those of the Kimberley area. Similar intrusive magmatic emplacement processes are proposed in which the diatreme-zone results from the degassing, after breakthrough, of the intruding magma column. The transition zones represent ‘frozen’ degassing fronts. The style of emplacement of the Gahcho Kué kimberlites is very different from that of many other pipes in Canada such as at Lac de Gras, Fort à la Corne or Attawapiskat.     

湖北铜绿山矽卡岩型铜铁矿床中隐爆角砾岩型金（铜）矿体的发现及其找矿前景

经研究确认鄂东南铜绿山矿床为隐爆角砾岩型金(铜)矿。这一新类型的金(铜)矿体受NWW向断裂、隐爆角砾岩带、接触带复合构造的控制,产于矽卡岩型矿体上盘大理岩残留体的边部,走向上大致与NNE向矽卡岩型主矿带垂直。矿石呈角砾状构造,角砾成分为大理岩、斜长石岩,含少量块状磁铁矿矿石角砾和高岭石化花岗岩角砾。胶结物主要为细碎屑物及微细粒状石英、玉髓、高岭石、黄铜矿和黄铁矿等中低温热液矿物。矿石平均wCu2.54%,wAu3.44×10-6。隐爆角砾岩型矿化是在岩浆侵入作用下成矿热液演化晚期阶段形成的,时间上晚于矽卡岩型,但可叠加其上,常形成富铜金矿体,也可形成独立金矿体。隐爆角砾岩型金(铜)矿体的发现为大幅度增加铜绿山矿床的储量指明了方向,对认识铜绿山矿田的成矿系列具有重要意义。     

豫西卢氏北部地区角砾岩的特征及其找矿意义

对河南西部卢氏地区的角砾岩的物质组成、蚀变、形态、胶结物和产出空间等特征以及该区角砾岩与次火山岩时空关系的研究表明,本区的角砾岩可划分为3种类型,即柳关型、八宝山—曲里型和夜长坪型;角砾岩形成于燕山期。论述了与次火山岩有关的角砾岩与其他角砾岩间的区别和综合鉴别标志,并讨论了不同类型的角砾岩相与矿产间的关系。     

延边天宝山矿集区新兴铅锌(银)矿床成矿岩体的年代学与地球化学特征

新兴铅锌(银)矿床位于兴蒙造山带东段的天宝山矿集区,主矿体受花岗闪长岩体中的角砾岩筒控制。为确定该矿床的成岩成矿时代、物质源区和构造背景,对与成矿作用关系密切的花岗闪长岩进行了LA_ICP-MS锆石U_Th_Pb同位素测定和岩石地球化学分析。结果表明:花岗闪长岩中锆石U_Pb年龄的加权平均值为264.6±4.4 Ma(n=15),表明该岩体侵位于中二叠世;新兴花岗闪长岩的元素地球化学特征上表现为富钠(Na2O/K2O为1.36~1.85,均1)、准铝质(A/CNK值为0.96~1.04,均值0.99)和中等偏高的Al2O3含量(16.04%~16.34%),属I型花岗岩和高钾钙碱性-钙碱性岩石系列,具有岛弧岩浆岩的地球化学属性;微量元素组成上,富集轻稀土[(La/Yb)N=8.44~16.64],具弱的负Ce异常(δCe=0.72~0.91,均值为0.83)和弱的正Eu异常(δEu=1.00~1.15,均值为1.06),富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Ba、Rb、K及不相容元素Th、U,相对亏损高场强元素(HFSE)Ta、Nb和Ti等,微量元素比值介于地壳和地幔平均值之间,均表明新兴成矿岩体形成过程中壳源物质的贡献。结合东北地区晚古生代区域构造演化,认为该花岗闪长岩体及相关热液成矿事件是中二叠世古亚洲洋板块俯冲作用的结果。该期岩浆-成矿事件的识别对区内区域成矿作用及成矿规律研究具重要意义。