Hydrogeochemical characterization of major factors affecting the quality of groundwater in southern Iran,Janah Plain

The Janah alluvial aquifer is located in southern Iran with an arid climate. The type of groundwater in this aquifer is dominantly of sodium chloride and total dissolved solid of groundwater samples range from 1.63 to 335 g/L which confirms that groundwater quality has been severely degraded by salinization. Hydrogeochemical and isotopic investigations were conducted to identify the source of salinity. Total dissolved solids and major ion concentrations were measured at 51 selected sampling sites including springs, wells and surface waters. In addition stable isotopic composition (oxygen-18 and deuterium) was measured in 6 sampling points.The study indicates that the sources of salinity of the Janah aquifer include dissolution of salt diapir and evaporite rocks, a geothermal spring and intrusion of the river water which function individually or together in different parts of the aquifer. Based on the hydrogeochemical and geological studies conceptual flow models were prepared for different parts of the aquifer which illustrate how each source of salinity deteriorates the quality of the alluvial aquifer. We proposed few remediation methods including construction of cemented channel and sealed basins to improve groundwater quality. These methods would prevent infiltration of low quality water into the alluvial aquifer.     

冷水坑矿田层状富铅锌矿赋矿围岩——铁锰碳酸岩角砾岩物质来源及成因分析

冷水坑矿田具有浅部斑岩型矿体与深部层状矿体的复杂组合,深部层状矿体赋存于上侏罗统打鼓顶组晶屑凝灰岩所夹的(铁锰)碳酸岩角砾岩层中。从(铁锰)碳酸岩角砾岩的基本地质特征入手,论述和分析了(铁锰)碳酸岩角砾岩的主要物质成分组成、分布、产状及与矿体关系等特点,结合矿物X-射线粉晶分析、碳-氧同位素和氢-氧同位素佐证,认为(铁锰)碳酸岩角砾岩为深水湖泊相火山-沉积成因,与层状矿体形成密切相关,后期斑岩岩浆就位及其流体活动对早期火山沉积碳酸岩层叠加改造,从而形成了与斑岩具有成因联系的层状富铅锌银矿床。     

宜章县长城岭浅成花岗质岩浆隐爆机制及找矿意义探讨

在长城岭铅锌多金属矿区,常见沿花岗斑岩脉与北东向断裂交汇处发育与成矿关系密切的角砾岩。这类角砾岩的空间就位、物质组成、岩石组构及蚀变特征等表明其为隐爆成因,可划分为爆破角砾岩、震碎角砾岩和混杂角砾岩。按照隐爆机制的不同,其又可分为岩浆隐爆角砾岩和热液隐爆角砾岩。区内花岗斑岩的地质地球化学特征表明,燕山早期晚阶段侵入的富含挥发分、流体-溶体相互作用强烈的浅成花岗斑岩具备有利的隐爆条件和明显的隐爆特征。隐爆作用不仅为铅锌多金属矿化富集提供物源及流体源,还为成矿流体汇聚及卸载沉淀提供了重要场所。长城岭地区与铅锌多金属成矿关系密切的隐爆角砾岩的发现对其矿区深部、湘南钨锡多金属矿化集中区乃至南岭中段有色金属找矿研究具有重要意义。     

山东省邹平铜矿17号矿体矿床成因

邹平铜矿17号矿体是高中温热液矿床并严格受隐爆角砾岩筒控制,而非伟晶岩型矿床,已被海内外众多同行所认可。该文在勘查结合坑道观测的基础上,通过深入研究和分析对比,进一步证实并坚定了对矿床成因的认识,并澄清了一些模糊看法及无根据的推测。     

山西堡子湾-九对沟金(钼)矿区岩石地球化学特征及其意义

山西堡子湾金矿为一隐爆角砾岩型金矿,新近在其南西9 km处的九对沟地区又发现了隐爆角砾岩型钼矿。堡子湾金矿与二长花岗(斑)岩成矿关系密切,矿区二长花岗(斑)岩为过铝质钙碱性岩石,w(SiO2)为74.22%,K2O/Na2O比值为0.88,w(K2O+Na2O)为3.32%,铝饱和指数A/CNK为1.97,σ为0.35;ΣREE为66.4×10-6,无明显Eu异常(δEu=0.93)。九对沟钼矿则与流纹斑岩具成因联系,该流纹斑岩为过铝质高钾钙性岩石,w(SiO2)为75.92%~77.0%,K2O/Na2O比值为1.94~44.67,w((K2O+Na2O)为5.48%~7.4%,铝饱和指数A/CNK为1.35~1.65,σ为0.91~1.61;ΣREE为80.6×10-6~100.2×10-6,具弱负Eu异常(δEu=0.49~0.74)。与成矿密切相关的两类岩石同位素地球化学特征〔(87Sr/86Sr)初始比值为0.703301~0.706664,εNd(t)为-9.42~-19.39〕显示:它们可能来自Ⅰ型富集地幔,为同一源区岩浆演化而来的不同产物。氧化程度高、分异演化程度低的二长花岗质岩浆是形成堡子湾金矿床的重要控制因素,而相对氧化程度低、分异演化程度高的流纹质岩浆与九对沟钼矿化密切相关。     

Effects of temperature and pressure differences on water seepage in breccia

Effects of temperature and pressure differences on water seepage in breccia were investigated by using the physicochemical seepage instrument.The results show that the relationship of flow and pressure differences can be expressed by a linear equation,and the seepage coefficient is linearly correlated with temperature.The relation-ship between seepage flow and temperature could be described with the linear equation.The constant and tempera-ture seepage coefficient showed a linear relation with pressure.Binary quantitative equation for the seepage flow,temperature and pressure was obtained,and explained with experimental data and theoretical analysis.     

激发极化法在砂金沟金矿区Ⅱ号角砾岩带的应用

砂金沟区Ⅱ号角砾岩带规模较大,构造复杂。角砾岩是赋矿母岩,金矿(化)体与黄铁矿化关系密切,离矿(化)体越近,黄铁矿化越强,极化率就越高,矿化角砾岩与围岩有明显电性差异。在Ⅱ号矿化角砾岩带开展的激电中梯和激电测深工作取得了较好的效果,指导了钻探工程,解决了地质问题,成果得到验证。     

EH4电导率成像系统在次火山岩型矿床中的应用

在紫金山大岩里铜矿点的勘探中,开展了EH4电导率(电磁)成像系统物探工作,在其电阻率剖面中电阻率1 000～2 000Ω.m为隐爆角矿岩和英安玢岩的反映,较好地圈定了隐爆角砾岩产状及范围,为后续工作提供依据及方向。     

澳大利亚铀矿资源考察

澳大利亚铀矿资源丰富,是世界上最大的铀矿资源国。本文重点介绍了澳大利亚铀矿床类型和铀矿资源分布情况。了解澳大利亚铀矿产出的地质背景、成矿规律和控矿因素,对寻找铀矿资源具有十分重要的意义,这些经验可为勘查人员提供更多寻找铀矿的思路。我国铀矿勘查正处于新的发展时期,借鉴澳大利亚找铀矿思路和成功经验,开辟新区和矿区外围铀矿勘查,推进国内铀资源找矿突破。     

黑龙江金厂铜金矿床地质特征及成因探讨

金厂铜金矿床是中国东北的一个特大型矿床,大地构造位置处于兴蒙造山带东缘,成矿时代集中于110～ 130Ma.金厂铜金矿床矿体类型主要为角砾岩型和裂控型.角砾岩型矿(化)体以J-1矿体为代表,产于穷棒子沟Ⅰ号角砾岩筒内,为典型的隐爆角砾岩筒,全筒矿化,与围岩界限清楚.矿区内角砾岩型矿体常成群成串出现,东西走向具等间距分布特征.裂控型矿体包括环形和放射状矿体,环形矿体以Ⅱ和18号脉群为代表,放射状矿体以Ⅲ脉群为代表.Ⅱ脉群处于裂控型矿体的上部,18号脉群处于Ⅱ脉群的下部,矿体呈层状或脉状分布,在剖面上具“背形”分布特征,环形矿体由内向外存在矿化分带现象.金厂铜金矿床产于太平洋板块俯冲产生的陆缘弧环境,其流体性质及成矿物质来源均与深部岩浆岩有关,角砾岩型矿体和裂控型矿体均具有斑岩型矿床的成矿特征.