GIS use by an urban local body as part of e-governance in India

Government organizations in the developing world have been at the forefront of ongoing reforms that have prompted their use of GIS and other information and communication technologies for urban governance. However, there have been very few examinations of GIS spatial knowledge construction in a non-Western context. Particularly, very little is known about the growing and varying use of GIS and spatial information by urban local bodies in India in the midst of India’s changing urban governance culture. This article presents an in-depth examination of Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC), one of India’s leading urban local bodies as the corporation implements e-governance strategies including the use of GIS and spatial information. Drawing from Critical GIS literature and GIS implementation and diffusion literature, this article uses an integrated approach to examine SMC’s GIS spatial knowledge construction. The article demonstrates that in the case of SMC, GIS knowledge construction is not only shaped by SMC’s proactive role in positioning itself with the national government’s priorities and agendas, but also by the presence of powerful actors who play an instrumental role in introducing change and innovation. This article is part of a larger project that aims to investigate the process of GIS spatial knowledge construction situated in contemporary India.     

湘西北民乐锰矿成矿后变化分析

大塘坡式锰矿成矿后变化程度可从地层抬升程度、氧化程度、构造条件、裂隙与岩溶发育程度、顶底板隔水性、地表及气候等方面进行分析评价。民乐锰矿成矿后受到近地表因素、地下水的以及断层发育的影响,其成矿后变化程度可从地层抬升程度、断裂发育程度以及含锰岩系隔水性3方面进行评价。选取含矿层埋深、距断层距离、矿体上覆及下伏黑色页岩段厚度对3个评价因素进行定量表征,制作单因素等值线图并量化评分,运用层次分析法确定各因素权重,将各单因素加权叠加绘制成矿后变化程度系数等值线图,将成矿后变化程度分区与锰矿形态(品位)、厚度范围叠加,定量分析成矿后变化对找矿的指示意义。研究发现,断裂发育程度对于民乐矿区成矿后变化程度最为重要,地层抬升程度次之,含锰岩系隔水性影响较少;民乐矿区成矿后变化程度具有"两侧高、中心低"的特征,呈现从盆地中心至边缘带递增的趋势,西侧更多受地层抬升影响,东侧则以断裂影响为主;成矿后变化程度较低的区域更有利于找矿,但对于不同形态(品位)的矿体指示性并不明显;对各类地质演化过程的恢复和定量表征应成为今后大塘坡式锰矿成矿后保存改造研究的主要方向。     

Technological capability and transfer for achieving South Africa's development goals

Technological capability and technology transfer both play important roles in achieving low-carbon development targets and the concepts of both have appeared in national development and climate policy debates. Yet, they differ. Improving capabilities and transfer mechanisms are two differing approaches to technological development. Technology transfer is associated with a key political dynamic within international climate policy, in that developing countries request support from industrialised countries. Whereas technological capability focuses on building internal capabilities and is often framed in the context of national industrial policy plans rather than relying on external support. We argue that technology development, a combination of these approaches, can contribute to South Africa's low-carbon development through innovation and technology-based mitigation actions that increase domestic technological capabilities. Technological capability needs to become a determinant of mitigation action to effectively contribute to achieving South Africa's low-carbon development goals. International technology transfer and cooperation should contribute to boosting domestic capabilities to advance technological development. Technology transfer based on pure sales will not contribute to achieving long-term low-carbon development goals.     

Policy making for renewable energy in India: lessons from wind and solar power sectors

It is clear that developing countries will have to be part of the global mitigation effort to avoid ‘dangerous climate change’, and, indeed, many of them are already undertaking significant actions on multiple fronts to help address this problem, even if they have not yet taken on legally binding commitment under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Since the deployment of GHG-mitigating technologies is already a significant part of this effort and likely to be even more so in the future, drawing lessons from existing programmes can help accelerate and enhance the effectiveness of this deployment process. Accordingly, this article aims to examine the deployment of wind and solar power in India, paying specific attention to the role of public policy in incentivizing and facilitating this deployment, how these policies have evolved over time, what has shaped this evolution, and what the learning has been over this period. Through this analysis, the intention is to draw out key lessons from India's experience with deployment policies and programmes in these two sectors and highlight the issues that will need to be given particular consideration in the design of future domestic policies and international cooperation programmes to enhance the move towards climate-compatible development in India. Many of these lessons should also be relevant for other developing countries that are attempting to balance their climate and developmental priorities through the deployment of renewable energy technologies.     

论外部知识联系对发展中国家产业集群的重要性

产业集群的竞争优势存在不同的理论解释,现有产业集群研究理论主要集中于产业集群的内部联系研究,而忽视产业集群的外部联系研究。发展中国家的产业集群有自己的特征,外部知识联系具有非常重要的地位。全球生产网络为发达国家的产业集群建立外部知识联系提供了有利条件,这种外部联系和本地联系的互动有助于提高集群的竞争力。     

山区资源型大城市社区分类特征与影响因素--以广东省韶关市为例

利用第五次人口普查数据,运用生态因子分析方法,通过对广东省韶关市典型案例分析,对我国山区资源型大城市的社会区分类、特征与影响因素进行了研究。发现具有这种规模、功能和区位特征城市的社会区可划分为7类,其中5类社会区及其在城市中的空间分布与北京、上海、广州等综合性特大中心城市具有相似之处;而另2类则反映出山区资源型城市的不同特征。影响这类城市社会区形成的因素主要有4个方面,其中科技文化水平和建设时序两个因素与综合性特大中心城市相似;但就业结构对山区资源型城市的影响比中心城市的影响要大得多,年龄结构、性别比结构、人口迁入迁出比重等人口和家庭特征因素在这类城市中具有突出的影响。     

西北太平洋爆发性气旋的气候特征和卫星云图分析

通过对西北太平洋最近九年爆发性气旋的分析表明:气旋的爆发性发展主要发生在冬半年的海洋上,集中在日本东南海域,且有明显的季节性。加深率以1.1贝吉龙居多。其发展过程的云形特征可归为四类:南北逗点云系迭加类;气旋锢囚性发展类;斜压叶状云系类和东西云系迭加类。     

Revisiting ocean thermal energy conversion

Increasing concerns regarding oil spills, air pollution, and climate change associated with fossil fuel use have increased the urgency of the search for renewable, clean sources of energy. This assessment describes the potential of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) to produce not only clean energy but also potable water, refrigeration, and aquaculture products. Higher oil prices and recent technical advances have improved the economic and technical viability of OTEC, perhaps making this technology more attractive and feasible than in the past. Relatively high capital costs associated with OTEC may require the integration of energy, food, and water production security in small island developing states (SIDSs) to improve cost-effectiveness. Successful implementation of OTEC at scale will require the application of insights and analytical methods from economics, technology, materials engineering, marine ecology, and other disciplines as well as a subsidized demonstration plant to provide operational data at near-commercial scales.     

A Mini‐Review of E‐Waste Management in Brazil: Perspectives and Challenges

The accelerated production and replacement of new electrical and electronic equipment demonstrates a tendency for the proportional increase in the generation of e‐waste. Developing countries experience similar social and environmental consequences from this trend, which compounds the other challenges associated with the already poor solid waste management in these regions. Moreover, the dangerous composition of some e‐waste amplifies the problems related to managing these materials. This mini‐review presents a brief overview of e‐waste management in Brazil, including technical aspects, scientific studies, and the challenges ahead. With the Brazilian National Policy of Solid Waste already in place, technical and scientific studies endorse measures that range from incorporating the informal recycling sector into the e‐waste management sector to encouraging the expansion of the recycling industry. All such actions, combined with an intensified commitment of electronic equipment manufacturers to reverse logistics, can improve e‐waste management in Brazil.     

回首甲子峥嵘,再展万千气象——南京信息工程大学大气学科60年发展历程回顾

南京信息工程大学缘气象而生、因气象而兴,是一所具有显著行业特色的高校。大气科学是南京信息工程大学的学科根基和学科之魂。回顾大气科学60年的发展历程,历经几代人的砥砺奋进,坚持改革创新、特色发展,铸就了大气科学的辉煌成就。20世纪60年代,大气学科为服务国家气象事业急需而创立,改革开放之后,对接中国气象事业发展需要,构建完整的学科体系,并为中国和世界气象事业发展做出了重大贡献,有着“中国气象人才培养摇篮”之美誉。21世纪以来,学科建设进一步加快,2017年大气科学入选国家“双一流”建设学科,开启了世界一流学科建设的新征程。自此,南信大站在历史发展新方位,擘画大气科学发展新蓝图,打造大气学科新高地,推动大气学科建设进入高质量发展新阶段。