综合物探在地面塌陷区探测中的应用

在某地面塌陷区探测中,为准确判定塌陷回填区内是否存在空洞,根据地质条件和现场状况,选用可控源音频大地电磁测深(CSAMT)和瞬变电磁法进行综合探测。对典型断面图上低阻异常特征的分析结果表明,两种探测方法结果一致,但各有特点:CSAMT法探测深度大,对异常区的判断较为准确,但分辨率相对较低;瞬变电磁法分辨率优于CSAMT,但探测深度较浅,受目标深度内介质的物性影响较大,且浅部有盲区。异常区钻孔验证结果显示,探测结果准确可靠,表明综合物探方法应用于塌陷回填区的探测是准确、有效的。     

三峡库区175米试验性蓄水期间塌岸调查分析

为掌握三峡库区高水位蓄水及水库试运行期间塌岸情况,在175米试验性蓄水期间(2008年10月和2012年12月)对三峡库区长江干流进行了2次塌岸调查,分别发现塌岸87处和88处,塌岸长度占干流岸坡总长度的0.62%,主要分布在秭归至巫山段。库区塌岸可归纳为4种单体形态和3种常见组合特征。塌岸发生模式上有独发式和群发式2种,塌岸发展模式有后退式、侧向发展式、邻近新增式和组合式等4种。库区塌岸主要受地层岩性及地形坡度控制,地形坡度30°以上、伸入河流的土质岸坡是塌岸易发区域。调查与分析得出,175米高水位试验性蓄水期间,三峡库区塌岸发育不多,且危害性较小。总体上,库区塌岸形势较为乐观,库岸防护工程取得了明显成效。     

提高岩溶地区岩土工程勘察质量的探讨

勘察是设计和施工的基础。岩溶地区地质条件复杂,在该地区进行工程勘察的难点在于查明岩溶形态的分布。岩溶地区岩土工程勘察质量主要取决于勘察技术人员的水平、现场工作的质量、勘察手段的有效性和验槽的责任心。     

瞬变电磁法在煤矿水害防治中的应用

瞬变电磁法(TEM)具有施工方便、快捷、对低电阻率地质目标体反应敏感等诸多优点,在寻找地下水源、查明采空区及探测岩溶发育带等方面有着广泛的应用。在简述TEM工作原理、方法的基础上,论述了TEM法在我国多个矿区复杂条件下,对积水采空区和地层富水区的水文地质勘探实例。结果表明,采取必要的技术措施后,勘探取得了良好的地质效果,为保障矿井安全生产提供了科学依据。      

复杂条件下地下水磁共振探测与灾害水源探查研究进展

磁共振地下水探测是一种直接非侵害性探测地下水的地球物理新方法,与传统地球物理探测地下水方法相比,具有高分辨力、高效率、信息量丰富和解唯一等优点。近年来地下水磁共振探测技术发展迅速,不仅用于缺水地区的地下水勘查,还在地下灾害水源（由于地下水引起的灾害如堤坝渗漏、隧道/矿井水害、滑坡、海水入侵等）的探测预警中进行了探索性研究。综述了复杂条件下地下水磁共振探测技术的研究现状,包括强电磁干扰环境的自适应噪声压制、地下小水体的2D/3D磁共振探测、复杂条件的数据处理与反演、针对喀斯特地貌等地质环境的地下水磁共振与瞬变电磁联合探测研究成果,简要介绍了磁共振技术用于滑坡、海水入侵和隧道涌水等灾害水源探查的探索性研究示例,展望了地下水磁共振探测技术的未来发展趋势。     

Pollution Source Investigation and Water Quality Management in the Carp Lake Watershed,Taiwan

In this study, a full survey of pollutant sources and water quality was conducted, followed by the application of a water quality model (Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program, WASP) to establish strategies of water quality control in Carp Lake, Taiwan. Results of the field investigation show that both point and non‐point source (NPS) pollutants were responsible for the poor water quality. The contributions of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) from point source and NPS pollution were 45.9 and 55.1%, respectively. About 80% of total phosphorus (TP) were contributed by NPS. Additionally, point source and NPS pollution discharged 55.5 and 44.5% of NH₃–N load, respectively. The Carlson's Trophic State Index ranged from 61.9 to 69.2 showing serious eutrophic problems in Carp Lake. The calculated BOD, NH₃–N, and TP carrying capacity were approximately 2.8, 0.42, and 0.15 kg per day, respectively. However, the current pollutant loadings are approximately 3.0–5.5 times the calculated carrying capacity. With the help of the calibrated WASP model, remedial strategies for the lake water from short‐term to long‐term were developed. The completion of the small local sewer system to remove 80% of the point source pollution can serve as a short‐term goal while 40–60% of NPS removal by natural treatment systems may serve as a mid‐term goal. Furthermore, 80% of both source point and NPS pollution removal can be considered as a long‐term strategy. Results of heavy metal analysis show that the enriched sediment would be safe for agricultural applications.     

公元1831年安徽凤台地震宏观震中考察

公元1831年(清道光十一年)安徽凤台曾发生一次破坏性地震,史料记载情况基本一致,但现有各版地震目录所确定的震中位置存在分歧,震中位置竟多达4处.在分析已有资料的基础上,作者对该地震进行了实地考察.经综合分析认为,应当对此次地震的宏观震中进行调整,震中位置应改为32.88°N、116.89°E,名称相应变更为"安徽怀远西南地震".同时认为此次地震原来所确定的震级(614)偏大.     

对汶川地震小鱼洞地表破裂带的调查分析

2008年5月12日的汶川8.0级地震使龙门山断裂带形成了3条同震地表破裂带,这表明有多条活动断层同时参与地震破裂,其过程复杂,现象丰富。本文对小鱼洞地表破裂带及其与另2条地表破裂带的交汇区域进行了野外调查,并对小鱼洞地表破裂带的活动性质和展布特征进行了分析。小鱼洞地表破裂带位于彭州市小鱼洞镇附近,是汶川8.0级地震形成的一条走向NW的逆冲并具有左旋走滑分量的同震地表变形带。调查结果显示,小鱼洞地表破裂带表现出明显的分段性特征：小鱼洞镇一带的中段,逆冲量和走滑量最大;小鱼洞镇向东南方向延伸的南段,逆冲量和走滑量逐渐变小;小鱼洞镇向西北方向进入山区的北段,则表现为以逆冲为主的活动性质。     

汶川8.0级地震中宁夏南部山区震害特征分析

介绍了汶川8.0级特大地震对宁夏南部山区造成的黄土崩塌、地裂缝等地质灾害和典型房屋破坏情况,分析和总结了房屋破坏的致灾机理,最后对发现的问题提出了几点建议。     

Field Investigation of the M_S6.8 Wuqia,Xinjiang Earthquake on October 5,2008

A M S 6.8 earthquake occurred on October 5,2008 in the Wuqia region in Xinjiang.The macroseismic epicenter is situated in the Nula village of the Kyrghyz Republic,7km southwest of the Wuqia Yierkeshitan Port in Xinjiang.The epicenter intensity is Ⅷ degrees (outside borders).The areas of intensity Ⅶ and Ⅵ are 7354km 2 and 1031km 2,respectively.This seismic event is related with movement of the NE-trending Kzikeaerkate fault belt.Buildings in the earthquake-stricken area were damaged or affected to a certain extent by this earthquake,accompanied with some phenomena of geological disaster.