3S技术在海域使用状况调查中的应用

准确把握海域使用状况是依法实施海域使用管理的基础,3S技术因具有快速、准确、实时、大范围对地观测能力及强大的空间信息加工、处理和分析能力,而成为海域使用状况调查的首要技术手段。本文以河北省海域使用状况调查过程为例,详细介绍了3S技术在海域使用信息的判别、提取、勘测、分析和处理等环节中的作用和具体应用。     

A comparison of field and laboratory analytical methods for radon site investigation

Soil-gas radon measurements provide a valuable tool in assessing probable indoor radon levels on a regional basis. However, in Great Britain, seasonal weather changes can cause large changes in soil-gas radon concentration. Although this does not significantly constrain systematic radon potential mapping programmes, it does cause difficulties in responding to ad-hoc requests for site-specific radon investigations. The relationship between soil-gas radon and gamma spectrometry measurements made in the field with radon released from a representative sample of soil in the laboratory has been investigated as part of a program to develop a method of radon potential mapping and site investigation which can be used at any time of the year. Multiple soil and soil-gas samples were collected from sites underlain by bedrocks with widely varying radon potentials. For each geological unit, sites both free of and covered by glacial drift deposits were sampled. Soil and soil-gas samples were taken at the same depth of 60–100 cm. The effectiveness of these radon site investigation procedures has been evaluated by studying the relationship between the soil-gas radon, gamma spectrometry and radon emanation data with an independent estimate of the radon risk. The geologic radon potential (GEORP), which is the proportion of existing dwellings which exceed the UK radon Action Level (200 Bq m⁻³) for a particular combination of solid and drift geology within a defined geographic area, has been used for this study as the independent estimate of radon risk. Soil-gas radon, radon emanation and eU (equivalent uranium by field γ spectrometry) are all good geochemical indicators of radon risk (GEORP) in Derbyshire but only soil-gas radon correlates significantly with GEORP in Northamptonshire. Radon in soil gas discriminates more effectively between sites with different radon potential in Northamptonshire if soil permeability is also taken into account. In general, measurement of soil-gas radon in the field provides the most universally applicable indicator of radon potential. If soil-gas radon concentrations cannot be determined because of climatic factors, for example when the soil profile is waterlogged, measurement of radon emanation in the laboratory or measurement of eU can be used as radon potential indicators in some geological environments. This applies particularly in areas where the soil composition rather than the composition and permeability of the underlying rock or superficial deposits are the dominant controls of radon potential. It appears, therefore, that it may be necessary to use different radon site investigation methods according to the specific factors controlling radon emanation from the ground. In some cases no method will provide a reliable indicator of radon risk under unfavourable climatic conditions.     

山东临朐山旺组火山集块岩和辫状河道沉积物发现的意义——对李泰来等论点的质疑,兼述山旺化石的早期研究历史

山东临朐解家河盆地山旺组底部发现火山集块岩,下部有一层岩屑质长石砂岩,具清楚的板状交错层理.证明解家河盆地附近虽有火山活动,而解家河盆地本身并非天池式封闭型古火山口.为澄清山旺组建立的年代,简述了山旺组的早期研究历史.     

跨断层综合地质剖面法在隐伏断层野外地质调查中的研究与应用——以瑞昌-武宁断裂为例

在从事多年野外地质调查研究的基础上,对隐伏断层的野外地质调查提出了跨断层综合地质剖面法。该方法主要是依据断层错动造成两侧相同地层(主要是第四系)相应地貌面产生垂直向高差或水平向的不连续,从而使两侧相应地层地貌面的高程和地层的相对运动发生变化。依据这些信息判断断层活动时代与运动性质。分析了该方法的适用条件和影响因素,指出研究场地第四系发育齐全是跨断层综合地质剖面法的关键。最后将该方法在瑞昌-武宁断裂研究中的实际应用得到的结果与传统隐伏断层研究方法的结果进行对比分析,其结果的一致性表明了该方法在研究及工程应用中的可靠性和实用性。     

福建地下流体非地震前兆异常技术分析

通过福建地下流体多起非地震前兆异常调查核实,展示每一起前兆异常调查的思路和技术分析的过程;阐述各异常的表现形式;分析其不同的干扰源;并用实验数据进行验证。分析引起地震前兆异常存在问题,提出解决的措施。如何利用干扰信息,估算受干扰井泉的裂隙含水层的渗透系数等。本文对近几年福建地下流体非地震前兆异常技术分析进行初步总结,并对异常核实提出一些建议。     

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GPS在胶济铁路勘测定界工程中的应用

根据胶济客运专线工程勘测定界工作的成功施测经验,探讨了GPS在狭长带状工程中的应用。针对狭长带状控制网,探讨了如何合理布设GPS点,使控制网更趋于合理,各项指标更完备,同时最大程度地节省人力、物力和时间。     

萨北开发区井网加密后剩余油分布再认识

在北二西二类油层及三次加密新井完钻后,通过补绘和完善89个单元沉积相带图,结合动态分析、取心井资料和各类油层的水淹状况对储层砂体进行再认识,描述各类砂体的平面几何形态、组合关系及连通状况。对比分析加密前后的砂体分布变化,总结加密井网条件下各类砂体分布规律。综合分析剩余油分布特征,针对砂体微相形态,进行注采对应关系分析,提出相应的调整措施建议,对改善特高含水期油田开发效果具有重要的指导意义。     

三根附属控制杆对海洋立管涡激振动抑制作用实验研究

海洋立管的涡激振动会严重影响立管结构的使用寿命.通过室内水槽实验研究在立管模型周围等分布置三根附属控制杆来减小立管涡激振动响应的新型抑制措施.实验中观测了0.24 m/s、0.31 m/s、0.37 m/s以及0.44 m/s四种均匀流和两个极限来流方向下的涡激振动抑制效果.实验结果表明:三根附属控制杆抑制措施可明显降低立管模型的横向振动幅值,但对主管的振动频率改变不大;同时,这一抑制措施对来流方向有较强的适应性,避免了以往单根控制杆在流向发生改变时可能加剧立管涡激振动的弊端.     

地貌从脚踏实地开始

陈述彭先生是我国著名的地理学家,他提出的《桂林七星岩喀斯特溶洞地貌图》、《西南地区喀斯特地貌》、《徐霞客游记在怒江、腾冲地区的实地验证》等论文都有很高的学术价值。他在地形鸟瞰图的制作,喀斯特洞穴地貌图的编制,中国地貌区划和中国气候地貌研究,黄河、淮河和长江下游平原地貌制图与地图分析,中国的地表侵蚀与堆积研究,大比例尺景观制图方法与实验,中国的新生代火山群等方面对我国的地貌学研究做出了巨大贡献。