饱水黄土隧道变形规律研究

新松树湾隧道位于饱和的砂粘土中,土体的稳定性极差,施工难度较大。为此,在隧道施工期间,通过土工试验、隧道收敛和围岩内部位移的现场监测、隧道变形的三维有限元仿真计算等手段,对该隧道的变形规律进行了系统研究,获得了大量试验数据。研究成果对隧道的施工组织和支护参数的确定起到了重要作用,为此类隧道的施工积累了经验。     

江苏宜兴东岭逆冲断层带的构造地球化学特征研究

宜兴东岭逆冲断层带是一条脆性剪切带，断层带内不同变形程度的断层岩在构造地球化学特征上有明显的集散规律，随着岩石变形程度的增加，SiO2的含量相对降低，除FeO以外的其它主元素和除Li以外的微量元素则相对富集，即在断层岩变形过程中，SiO2自变形相对强烈的断层带中心向两侧的硅化带迁移，除FeO和Li之外的其它主元素和微量元素则自断层带两侧向中心迁移。这种迁移趋势是受各元素本身构造地球化学特性所制约。     

Soft‐sediment deformation structures in a Pleistocene glaciolacustrine delta and their implications for the recognition of subenvironments in delta deposits

The development of soft‐sediment deformation structures in clastic sediments is now reasonably well‐understood but their development in various deltaic subenvironments is not. A sedimentological analysis of a Pleistocene (ca 13·1 to 15 ¹⁰Be ka) Gilbert‐type glaciolacustine delta with gravity‐induced slides and slumps in the Mosty‐Danowo tunnel valley (north‐western Poland) provides more insight, because the various soft‐sediment deformation structures in these deposits were considered in the context of their specific deltaic subenvironment. The sediments show three main groups of soft‐sediment deformation structures in layers between undeformed sediments. The first group consists of deformed cross‐bedding (inclined, overturned, recumbent, complex and sheath folds), large‐scale folds (recumbent and sheath folds) and pillows forming plastic deformations. The second group comprises pillar structures (isolated and stress), clastic dykes with sand volcanoes and clastic megadykes as examples of water‐escape structures. The third group consists of faults (normal and reverse) and extensional fissures (small fissures and neptunian dykes). Some of the deformations developed shortly after deposition of the deformed sediment, other structures developed later. This development must be ascribed to hydroplastic movement in a quasi‐solid state, and due to fluidization and liquefaction of the rapidly deposited, water‐saturated deltaic sediments. The various types of deformations were triggered by: (i) a high sedimentation rate; (ii) erosion (by wave action or meltwater currents); and (iii) ice‐sheet loading and seasonal changes in the ablation rate. Analysis of these triggers, in combination with the deformational mechanisms, have resulted – on the basis of the spatial distribution of the various types of soft‐sediment deformation structures in the delta under study – in a model for the development of soft‐sediment deformation structures in the topsets, foresets and bottomsets of deltas. This analysis not only increases the understanding of the deformation processes in both modern and ancient deltaic settings but also helps to distinguish between the various subenvironments in ancient deltaic deposits.     

特厚砂土层条件下的开采沉陷规律研究

在分析榆树湾煤矿地表移动观测资料的基础上,研究了特厚砂土层条件下的厚煤层开采的地表移动变形规律与特征。揭示了特厚砂土层、薄基岩及大采厚等特殊因素对地表沉陷规律的影响,获得了特厚砂土层开采条件下的地表移动变形特征,研究成果将对榆林煤矿后续的安全合理开采、保安煤柱的留设、环境治理与保护等具有重要的实际意义。     

从江翁浪金矿中的构造变形特征研究

从江翁浪金矿是一个受构造控制明显的金矿床,金矿主要富集在受顺层剪切控制的强变形带内。本文通过对翁浪金矿控矿构造中变形岩石的宏观和微观变形特征分析,得出研究区顺层剪切带的运动学特征为逆冲型剪切,控制金矿产出的强变形带以韧性变形为主的认识。     

构造煤与原生结构煤的显微傅立叶红外光谱特征对比研究

通过对平顶山、郑州和南票三大矿区石炭二叠纪含煤岩系中高煤级烟煤和无烟煤的显微傅立叶红外光谱分析，探讨了原生结构煤与构造煤的有机大分子结构演化特征及其影响因素。结果表明，构造应力有利于煤中氢发生化学环境转移，使脂肪烃含量相对减少、稳定的芳香烃含量相对增加，促进煤大分子结构缩合度和有序度增加。     

微分几何学在地质构造定量研究中的应用

阐述了在构造地质学定量研究中引入微分几何学的必要性,并讨论了在地质构造定量研究中的具体应用及相关的数值计算方法.微分几何为定量描述地质构造形态、建立精确的数学解析模型提供了基础,是深入定量研究地质构造形态及其变化的重要数学工具.在前人工作基础上,为更方便地与其他先进的技术和方法相结合,总结了地质构造的数学建模与重构、计算机自动分析计算、三维可视化与运动仿真.具体可以应用于裂缝预测、构造面形变分析、褶皱形态分类、隐藏断层探测,以及矿床和油气藏的预测研究等方面.     

开挖条件下含陡倾结构面顺层岩质边坡破坏模式与稳定性预测

顺层岩质边坡易发生失稳破坏,当边坡中发育有顺坡向陡倾结构面时,更不利于边坡稳定。以贵州某水电站大坝左岸含陡倾结构面顺层边坡为例,在综合分析地质条件及开挖扰动的基础上,结合离散元软件UDEC,分析了边坡的变形破坏模式和稳定性。研究结果表明,边坡可能发生的变形破坏模式主要有滑移、拉裂—滑移两种;自然状况下及开挖后,边坡都有沿断层f9、卸荷裂隙L1及岩层面发生滑移的趋势,且工程开挖导致边坡沿该结构面发生内部滑动;对边坡采用预应力锚索加固后,变形得到有效控制,位移数值计算值与实际监测值基本吻合。     

云阳县滨江大道路基挡土墙变形分析与加固

云阳县滨江大道路基挡土墙在运营工况下,由于路基运营环境的变化导致了填土的物理力学性质的改变,挡土墙发生了位移和变形。在分析了变形原因的基础上,提出了抗滑桩预应力锚索联合加固方案,并取得了良好的治理效果。介绍了该工程加固方案设计及抗滑桩预应力锚索施工工艺。     

Impact of gneissic layering and localized incipient melting upon melt flow during experimental deformation of migmatites

In this study, we test experimentally the role of compositional layering as a key parameter for controlling melt flow in a natural migmatite during coaxial deformation. We performed in – situ pure-shear experiments on two natural gneisses. The first gneiss is weakly foliated with minerals homogenously distributed. The second gneiss shows a pronounced compositional layering of alternating quartz – feldspar – rich and biotite – muscovite – rich layers. Experimental conditions were selected to obtain homogeneous melt distribution in the homogeneous gneiss and heterogeneous melt distribution in the layered gneiss. Initial melt distribution is not modified by deformation in experiments on the homogeneous gneiss, implying that melting products did not migrate from their initiation sites. In contrast, melt flowed in shear zones or in inter-boudin positions during experimental deformation of the heterogeneous gneiss. These experiments attest to the strong influence of initial gneissic layering on melting pattern, melt segregation and flow during deformation of partially molten rocks.