利用GCV优化的正则化方法对硬X射线望远镜图象重建研究

图象重建是一个求逆过程具有不适定性。本文介绍的是一种从少数投影数据进行图象重建的线性代数法－Ｐｈｉｌｌｉｐｓ－Ｔｉｋｈｏｎｏｖ正则化方法,同时选择优化工具ＧＣＶ确定最优的正则参数。为验证该方法,我们对日本Ｙｏｈｋｏｈ卫星上塔载的硬Ｘ射线望远镜（ＨＸＴ）拍摄的太阳图象进行重建。     

Short and long memory unobserved components in hydrological time series

In this paper a semiparametric approach is introduced to decompose an ARFIMA model in the long memory and short memory unobserved components. The procedure is based on the DECOMEL method which produces a statistical decomposition by minimizing the Euclidean distance between the spectrum of the aggregated series and the sum of the parametric spectra of the components. The extension to long memory stationary models is achieved defining an approximate model where the fractional operator is replaced by the ratio of two polynomials of order one. The feasibility and performance of the proposed procedure are discussed through a case study.     

大风影响下的莱州湾西岸单站底层泥沙输运特征分析

基于2018年10月21日至11月6日莱州湾西岸连续站观测数据,本文利用集合经验模态分解、希尔伯特−黄变换和小波分析法对底层单宽输沙率的小尺度特征做分析,并针对观测期间出现的大风天气对泥沙输运的影响进行了探究。结果表明,单宽输沙率在观测时间段内具有高频、潮周期、低频以及长周期尺度变化特征,周期尺度从小到大。其中高频和潮周期分量方差贡献率及所含能量最高,对输沙率的影响最强。边际谱显示东西方向输沙率的显著周期为13.3 h,南北方向大于11 h的周期较为显著。观测期间底层净泥沙通量分别为东向305.77 kg/m、南向597.25 kg/m,余流分量贡献最大,低频和高频分量贡献最小。上强迫风场主要在风速衰减期通过湍流和波浪影响输沙速率的时频分布,使其低频变化显著增强的同时,产生1 h周期左右的高频波动。交叉小波分析显示,风速和单宽输沙率在低频波段上相干性较强,且单宽输沙率会滞后风速1/4至1/2个周期。另外,风浪会增强泥沙输运的涨落潮不对称性,进而增加潮周期分量上的泥沙净输运。     

中国富钾正长岩资源与水热碱法制取钾盐反应原理

中国的盐湖钾盐资源短缺,导致钾盐消费的对外依存度达50%以上,严重制约农业发展,威胁粮食生产安全。而正长岩型钾资源丰富,K2O品位达8.5%~15.4%,预测资源潜力(K2O)达盐湖钾盐储量的20倍以上。此类矿石钾资源的主要富钾矿物为微斜长石、霞石和白云母,地理上主要分布于中国东部的“秦岭大别正长岩带”和“燕辽阴山正长岩带”。采用电解质溶液热力学软件OLI Analyzer 9.2,对KAlSi3O8-NaOH/KOH/Ca(OH)2-H2O体系相平衡进行模拟,继而对代表性富钾正长岩进行水热碱法分解反应实验,证实K2O溶出率高达85.6%以上。所得硅酸钠钾碱液适于加工多种钾盐或生态型钾肥产品,硅铝组分同时转化为沉淀硅酸钙、钠型/钾型沸石、硅灰石、高岭土等多种工业产品。水热碱法技术的加工过程清洁高效,资源利用率高,环境相容性良好,可为发展绿色可持续的中国钾盐工业新体系提供良好的技术基础。     

天然气水合物加热开采机理及数学模型

在目前已有的主要水合物开采方法研究的基础上,进一步研究了天然气水合物加热开采法的机理。研究认为,水合物是加热分解、热传导和含化学分解的液、气两相渗流流动,它们之间既相互独立,又相互联系。并将水合物区划分为分解区和未分解区,将分解区前缘作为可移动的分界面,分区建立了加热分解热传导数学模型及含分解化学反应的液、气两相渗流流...     

基于二维经验模态分解的地磁基准图制备边界补偿方法

针对采用矩谐分析方法构建地磁基准图的边界震荡问题, 提出一种基于二维经验模态分解的区域地磁异常数据边界补偿方法.采用二维经验模态分解方法对区域地磁异常数据进行多尺度分解, 对分解所得小尺度本征模态函数分量, 利用总体Hilbert变换法进行瞬时频率和瞬时幅值特征提取, 通过自采样和特征匹配进行边界补偿; 将大尺度分量之和作为趋势项, 利用三角函数方法建立模型并计算边界之外的大尺度磁异常值.实验证明, 相比当前已有方法, 可以更加有效地抑制对区域地磁异常数据进行矩谐分析的边界震荡问题, 稳定提高构建地磁基准图的准确性.      

Hilbert-Huang变换在密频结构阻尼识别中的应用

Hilbert—Huang变换是一种新的数据处理方法，由经验模分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition)技术及Hilbert变换两部分组成。本文研究此方法对于密频结构阻尼识别的应用。首先对于两自由度系统模型，说明该方法用于阻尼识别的步骤。进而研究存在频率密集现象的高层建筑的阻尼识别问题。上述结果与理论值及由半功率带宽法的识别值进行了比较，对比显示Hilbert．Huang方法较传统方法具有良好的识别密频结构阻尼的性能，适用于大型结构的系统识别。     

High-pressure decomposition of MCr2O4 spinels (M=Mg, Mn, Zn) by ab initio methods

The high-pressure equation of state of the normal spinels MgCr₂O₄ (picrochromite), MnCr₂O₄ and ZnCr₂O₄, and their reaction of decomposition into Cr₂O₃ (eskolaite) and MO (rocksalt-type) component oxides, were investigated by periodic unrestricted Hartree-Fock calculations. All-electron basis sets, and an a posteriori correction for the electron correlation energy, based on Density-Functional-Theory, were employed. Interpolation of results by the P-V Murnaghan equation of state yielded the equilibrium volume and energy, and the bulk modulus and its pressure derivative, for each of the seven phases (three spinels, three rocksalt oxides and eskolaite) considered. The simulated behaviour of interatomic distances vs pressure shows similar compressibilities of M-O bonds in both octahedral and tetrahedral coordinations. Binding energies and formation enthalpies of spinels from oxides are also computed and compared to available experimental data. The predicted decomposition pressures of Mg, Mn and Zn chromium spinels are 19, 23 and 34 GPa, respectively. The greater stability of ZnCr₂O₄ is related to Zn²⁺ being better suited to tetrahedral coordination than the other M²⁺ cations. Such results are strongly supported by the excellent agreement previously obtained between simulated (11 GPa) and experimental (13 GPa) pressures of the decomposition of MgAl₂O₄ spinel into corundum and periclase. Received: 9 February 1998 / Accepted: 12 October 1998     

The replacement of native plants by exotic species may affect the colonization and reproduction of aquatic hyphomycetes

The tropical riparian zone has a high diversity of plant species that produce a wide variety of chemical compounds, which may be released into streams. However, in recent decades there has been an extensive replacement of tropical native vegetation by Eucalyptus monocultures. Our objective was to compare fungal colonization of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves with fungal colonization of native plant species from riparian zones in Brazilian Cerrado (savannah) streams. The fungal colonization and enzymatic activity significantly influenced leaf litter decomposition. Fungal sporulation rates from leaf litter varied significantly with leaf species, with E. camaldulensis showing the highest sporulation rate (1226 conidia mg⁻¹AFDM day⁻¹) and leaf mass loss (23.2 ± 0.9%). This species has the lowest lignin content and highest N concentration among the studied species. Among the studied native species, we observed the highest sporulation rate for Protium spruceanum (271 conidia mg⁻¹AFDM day⁻¹), Maprounea guianensis (268 conidia mg⁻¹AFDM day⁻¹) and Copaifera langsdorffii (196 conidia mg⁻¹AFDM day⁻¹). Overall, native plant species of the Brazilian Cerrado exhibited recalcitrant characteristics and a higher lignin:N ratio. Therefore, variations in the physical and chemical characteristics of the leaf litter could explain the higher decay rate and reproductive activity observed for E. camaldulensis. However, the detritus of this species were colonized almost exclusively by Anguillospora filiformis (99.6 ± 0.4%) and exhibited a reduction in aquatic hyphomycetes species diversity. Our results suggest that the disturbance in the composition of riparian vegetation and consequently, in the diversity of leaf litter input into streams, could change the patterns and rates of leaf litter utilization by microbial decomposers. These changes may have important consequences in the processing of organic matter and, consequently, in the functioning of freshwater ecosystems.