BP神经网络在铜及铜合金海水腐蚀预测中的应用

根据实海环境数据及材料腐蚀数据,利用BP结构神经网络建立了铜及铜合金在实海环境中腐蚀速度与环境因素、材料成分之间神经网络预测模型。利用建立的预测模型分析了环境因素对铜及铜合金的腐蚀速度的影响。分析结果表明,温度的升高及生物污损促进铜及铜合金的腐蚀,而pH、盐度和氧浓度的升高对浸泡1年的材料腐蚀速度有明显的抑制作用。     

不同种类珍珠在各种外界环境下的抗腐蚀性研究

通过对不同种类的珍珠进行加热、紫外线照射、汗液、沐浴露和防晒霜等腐蚀实验,分析了这些腐蚀手段对珍珠颜色和化学成分的影响。结果表明,加热对珍珠彩度降低的影响最小,而防晒霜和沐浴露的腐蚀效应最大。金珍珠在各种腐蚀手段下表现出最为明显的彩度下降。在珍珠腐蚀前后的化学成分分析中发现,各种腐蚀手段普遍导致珍珠表面Ca含量升高、Si含量显著降低。Mn和Sr的含量变化与珍珠种类和腐蚀手段相关。探究不同外界条件对珍珠色泽变化的影响,可为博物馆展览保存、消费者选购提供参考。     

含铁地下水成因、危害及防治

含铁地下水形成于中偏酸性的还原性水文地球化学环境中,人为活动也可引发含铁水的出现。含铁水进入水井附近后,有沉淀析出铁矿物从而堵塞水井附近含水层和滤水管的危险,也因为其偏低的ＰＨ值和可能含有硫化物而对金属水井管材具有腐蚀作用。防治含铁水对水井破坏作用的根本方法是采取改善地下水水质的现场处理技术。     

巴基斯坦卡西姆港EPTL化学码头牺牲阳极阴极保护

介绍了嘏基斯坦卡西姆港化学码头钢管桩实施牺牲阳极阴极保护所进行的钢桩保护面积计算和保护电位测量,以及根据涂层状况经设计计算,安装牺牲的阳极的型号、数量和阳极材料的性能检测。     

光纤传感腐蚀监测研究

通过化学、物理的方法用金属敏感膜取代光纤的原始包层监测海洋环境中金属结构物的腐蚀状况。通过腐蚀前后光功率的变化表征腐蚀的发生和发展。     

几种热浸镀层钢丝在青岛海水中腐蚀行为的对比研究

以热浸镀Zn、0．2％Al-Zn-RE、5％Al-Zn-RE和55％Al-Zn-Si合金镀层钢丝为研究对象,进行了为期6个月的室内海水浸泡试验。结果表明,热浸镀Zn钢丝和0．2％Al-Zn-RE合金镀层钢丝的腐蚀速度是5％Al-Zn-RE和55％Al-Zn-Si合金镀层钢丝样品的2～3倍：同时建立了一种“极化-弛豫-电化学阻抗测量”的循环测试方法,对这几种热浸镀层在青岛海域海水中的腐蚀行为进行了初步探讨。     

船舶金属腐蚀失效与防护研究

论文对船舶金属腐蚀机理及表现、船舶结构防腐要求等问题做了探讨,对船舶防腐蚀系统进行了分类,分析了腐蚀涂层状况与检验的关系,并对涂层失效的对策和恢复涂层的要求进行了研究。     

Probabilistic seismic loss assessment of aging bridges using a component‐level cost estimation approach

Deteriorating highway bridges in the United States and worldwide have demonstrated susceptibility to damage in earthquake events, with considerable economic consequences due to repair or replacement. Current seismic loss assessment approaches for these critical elements of the transportation network neglect the effects of aging and degradation on the loss estimate. However, the continued aging and deterioration of bridge infrastructure could not only increase susceptibility to seismic damage, but also have a significant impact on these economic losses. Furthermore, the contribution of individual aging components to system‐level losses, correlations between these components, and uncertainty modeling in the risk assessment and repair modeling are all crucial considerations to enhance the accuracy and confidence in bridge loss estimates. In this paper, a new methodology for seismic loss assessment of aging bridges is introduced based on the non‐homogeneous Poisson process. Statistical moments of seismic losses can be efficiently estimated, such as the expected value and variance. The approach is unique in its account for time‐varying seismic vulnerability, uncertainty in component repair, and the contribution of multiple correlated aging components. A representative case study is presented with two fundamentally distinct highway bridges to demonstrate the effects of corrosion deterioration of different bridge components on the seismic losses. Using the proposed model, a sensitivity study is also conducted to assess the effect of parameter variations on the expected seismic losses. The results reveal that the seismic losses estimated by explicitly considering the effects of deterioration of bridge components is significantly higher than that found by assuming time‐invariant structural reliability. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

硫酸盐热化学还原作用对原油裂解成气和碳酸盐岩储层改造的影响及作用机制

硫酸盐热化学还原作用(Thermochemical sulfate reduction, TSR)是发生在油气藏中复杂的有机-无机相互作用,它不仅会引起含H₂S天然气的富集,其产生的酸性气体对碳酸盐岩储层还具有明显的溶蚀改造作用。本文基于黄金管热模拟实验,研究了TSR反应对原油裂解气的生成的影响,发现这种氧化还原反应的存在能明显降低原油的稳定性,促进具高干燥系数的含H₂S天然气的生成。结合原位激光拉曼实验结果,证实了实际油藏中启动TSR反应的最可行的氧化剂应该是硫酸盐接触离子对(CIP)。全面探讨了影响TSR反应的地质和地球化学因素,提出除了初始原油的组分特征、不稳定含硫化合物(LSC)的含量外,地层水的含盐类型及盐度同样是控制TSR反应的关键因素。同时,基于大量地质分析,发现TSR对碳酸盐岩储层具有明显的溶蚀改造作用。结合溶蚀模拟实验,提出了酸性流体对碳酸盐储层溶蚀改造的机制,且深层碳酸盐岩层存在一个由TSR作用形成的次生孔隙发育带。研究认为,烃类与硫酸盐矿物的氧化还原反应与其产物对碳酸盐岩储层的改造是TSR作用的两个不可分割的部分,它们相互依存和制约。     

Probabilistic lifetime assessment of marine reinforced concrete with steel corrosion and cover cracking

In order to study the durability behavior of marine reinforced concrete structure suffering from chloride attack,the structural service life is assumed to be divided into three critical stages,which can be characterized by steel corrosion and cover cracking.For each stage,a calculated model used to predict the lifetime is developed.Based on the definition of durability limit state,a probabilistic lifetime model and its time-dependent reliability analytical method are proposed considering the random natures of influencing factors.Then,the probabilistic lifetime prediction models are applied to a bridge pier located in the Hangzhou Bay with Monte Carlo simulation.It is found that the time to corrosion initiation t0 follows a lognormal distribution,while that the time from corrosion initiation to cover cracking t1 and the time for crack to develop from hairline crack to a limit crack width t2 can be described by Weibull distributions.With the permitted failure probability of 5.0%,it is also observed that the structural durability lifetime mainly depends on the durability life t0 and that the percentage of participation of the life t0 to the total service life grows from 61.5% to 83.6% when the cover thickness increases from 40 mm to 80 mm.Therefore,for any part of the marine RC bridge,the lifetime predictions and maintenance efforts should also be directed toward controlling the stage of corrosion initiation induced by chloride ion.