基于城市引力场模型的城镇土地基准地价平衡探讨

城镇基准地价平衡用于协调区域地价,使基准地价能客观地反映出不同城镇之间真实的经济差异和地价水平。本文提出一种基于城市引力场模型的城镇土地基准地价平衡方法,通过考虑中心城镇地价扩散的影响,弥补传统分段线性插值的平衡方法的不足,并以湖北省为例进行实例研究。把平衡结果和通过样点数据测算的基准地价进行对比分析以发现此方法的特点,并对城镇基准地价空间分布的内在规律性进行了初步探讨。     

GIS地图投影变换在地质工作中的应用

结合实际工作中所遇到的问题,对投影变换中所涉及到的基准面、椭球体、坐标系统及地图投影之间关系进行阐述,进一步对投影变换在地质科学研究中的应用进行了讨论,并结合实例对GIS投影进行论述。     

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克希霍夫叠前深度偏移在川东地区的应用

常规叠前深度偏移方法都是将数据延拓到最终面,然后从固定面偏移.在川东复杂山区,地形起伏大,地表切割剧烈,表层结构复杂,地腹构造褶皱剧烈,逆冲断层发育,地震波传播纵横向变化大,如果把数据校正到固定面来偏移,势必带来很大误差,严重影响射线追踪的准确性.另外由于该地区勘探程度较低,钻井资料很少,失去了建立偏移速度场的重要约束条件.为此针对该地区,本文提出了一种利用时间域资料约束的多模式速度-深度模型建立及分析技术,并应用基于浮动地表的Kirchhoff叠前深度偏移技术对川东某工区实际地震资料进行了处理.在该工区的应用表明,这两种技术很好解决了起伏地表的问题,对复杂地质体有较强的适应性,并且在有限钻井资料情况下,也能快速高效建立精确偏移速度场.最终偏移后的结果跟叠后时间偏移处理的结果相比归位精度得到显著提高,断层断点更为清楚,而且过井深度偏移剖面与钻井深度对比吻合也比较好,在井深度对比中各层误差均小于50 m,各层深度误差小于1%,为后续的地质研究提供了很好的资料.     

Gravity change observed in a local gravity network and its implication to seasonal precipitation in Dali county,Yunnan province,China

This study investigates data-processing methods and examines the precipitation effect on gravity measurements at the Dali gravity network, established in 2005. High-quality gravity data were collected during four measurement campaigns. To use the gravity data validly, some geophysical corrections must be considered carefully. We first discuss data-processing methods using weighted leastsquares adjustment with the constraint of the absolute gravity datum. Results indicate that the gravity precision can be improved if all absolute gravity data are used as constraints and if calibration functions of relative gravimeters are modeled within the observation function. Using this data-processing scheme, the mean point gravity precision is better than 12 lgal. After determining the best data-processing scheme, we then process the gravity data obtained in the four measurement campaigns, and obtain gravity changes in three time periods. Results show that the gravity has a remarkable change of more than 50 lgal in the first time period from Apr–May of 2005 to Aug–Sept of 2007. To interpret the large gravity change, a mean water mass change(0.6 m in height) is assumed in the ETOPO1 topographic model. Calculations of the precipitation effect on gravity show that it can reach the same order of the observed gravity change. It is regarded as a main source of the remarkable gravity change in the Dali gravity network, suggesting that the precipitation effect on gravity measurements must be considered carefully.     

陕西重力网优化改造及监测能力评估

陕西重力网监测范围由关中盆地扩大到覆盖了鄂尔多斯块体南缘、关中盆地、秦岭山地及陕南、关中主要活动断裂带,同时与豫西、晋南、宁夏区域重力网实现了联网,测网监测能力由原来只具备对网内5级地震的监测提升到具备对发生在网内6级地震的监测。基于3个绝对重力基准约束下的重力观测平差结果表明,测网单位权中误差为7．7×10^-8 m·s-2,平均点值中误差7．9×10^-8m·s-2,当以2．5倍中误差作为限差时,可以识别发生在监测区域内40×10^-8m·s-2左右的重力相对变化,为研究鄂尔多斯块体南缘重力场变化提供依据。     

区域CORS系统整合共享若干问题的思考

区域CORS的整合共享是必然的发展趋势。分析了我国区域CORS系统建设的现状和面临的问题,结合HBCORS与WHCORS在武汉地区的测试数据进行了对比分析,给出了区域CORS整合共享的2种模式,并对CORS整合后的基准统一、维护管理以及成果应用等提出了相关建议。     

Calibration of mammoth (Mammuthus) dispersal into North America using rare earth elements of Plio-Pleistocene mammals from Florida

The first appearance of mammoth (Mammuthus) is currently used to define the beginning of the Irvingtonian North American Land Mammal Age at about 1.4 Ma. Thereafter, mammoth fossils are common and widespread in North America until the end of the Pleistocene. In contrast to this generally accepted biochronology, recent reports have asserted that mammoth occurs in late Pliocene (ca. 2.5 Ma) alluvium from the Santa Fe River of northern Florida. The supposedly contemporaneous late Pliocene fossil assemblage from the Santa Fe River that produced the mammoth specimens actually consists of a mixture of diagnostic Blancan (late Pliocene) and late Rancholabrean (latest Pleistocene) species. Fossil bones and teeth of the two mammalian faunas mixed together along the Santa Fe River have significantly different rare earth element (REE) signatures. The REE signatures of mammoth are indistinguishable from those of Rancholabrean mammals, yet they are different from those of diagnostic Blancan vertebrates from these same temporally mixed faunas of the Santa Fe River. Thus, no evidence for late Pliocene mammoth exists in Florida, and mammoth fossils remain reliable biochronological indicators for Irvingtonian and Rancholabrean terrestrial sequences throughout mid- and lower-latitude North America.     

地壳垂直形变场逼近的球冠谐分析法

基于地壳垂直运动的均衡理论,讨论了球谐函数法用于区域地壳垂直形变场逼近时所存在的问题,提出并推导了球冠谐分析法逼近区域地壳垂直形变场的模型.并利用该模型对两个实际区域进行了试验,取得了良好的效果.     

海洋测量信息处理技术的发展

海洋测量信息处理是海洋测绘的关键技术之一.为此,着重对当前海洋测量信息处理技术的几个研究热点进行了介绍,内容包括海陆基准的统一、海洋遥感图像的精校正、卫星测高和遥感测深技术,并对海洋测量信息处理与多元化表示作了简要的讨论.