RTK测量中基准站的设置问题

介绍了GPS单点定位及RTK的工作原理,并结合基本原理,对RTK测量中基准站的设置方法进行说明,并着重分析1 n RTK测量中,n台手簿在基准站设置中容易进入的误区,并结合实验数据进行了分析说明,找出错误原因,最后得出基准站正确的设置方法。     

我国深度基准面不统一所带来的问题与对策

简述了深度基准面的概念,分析了海图深度基准面不统一造成的误差及其形成原因。针对海图深度基准面的使用现状,探讨了深度基准面不统一对海洋测绘成果应用的影响,提出了统一海图深度基准面的方案和建议。     

基于GPS精密单点定位技术的水深测量

首先阐述了水深测量的两种作业模式：传统人工验潮水深测量和GPS无验潮水深测量,对两种作业方式作了简单的比较。简要介绍了GPS精密单点定位（PPP）的基本原理,给出了GPS无验潮水深测量数学模型。然后,针对传统水深测量作业模式的弊端,提出采用GPS精密单点定位技术进行无验潮水深测量作业,并从静态和动态定位两个方面验证了PPP技术进行无验潮水深测量作业的可行性。     

通量均衡意义下中国大陆现今地壳垂直运动及梯度分布与构造活动的关系

本文在应绍奋等研究成果的基础上,利用作者所提出的方法重新处理了覆盖中国大陆(不包括海南省、台湾省等岛屿)900余万平方公里的垂直形变资料,给出了在通量均衡基准下中国大陆现今地壳垂直运动及其梯度的空间分布以及几大地块的平均速率和通量。由此得出以下认识:(1)现今地壳垂直运动与大陆所处的力场有较好的对应性。(2)现今地壳垂直运动具有明显的南升北降大趋势;以西部最为典型和强烈。(3)现今地壳垂直运动高梯度值带与地震带的分布有较好的吻合性。(4)现今地壳垂直运动的分群性与大陆各大地块的划分有较好的匹配性。     

RTK技术在高速公路像片控制测量中的应用

通过RTK技术在诸永高速公路1∶2000像片控制测量中的应用,介绍了RTK测量在带状测区基准转换参数的求解方法及RTK测量成果的精度检验等情况。结果表明,RTK测量不仅能够满足1∶2000像片控制测量精度要求,而且可以大幅度提高作业效率,尤其在交通和通视困难地区更具明显优势。即使在山区和高山区,只要采取有效措施,RTK测量同样能取得比较高的精度。     

The geopotential value <Emphasis Type="Italic">W</Emphasis><Subscript>0</Subscript> for specifying the relativistic atomic time scale and a global vertical reference system

The TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) satellite alti- meter mission marked a new era in determining the geopotential constant W ₀. On the basis of T/P data during 1993–2003 (cycles 11–414), long-term variations in W ₀ have been investigated. The rounded value W ₀ = 62636856.0 ± 0.5) m ² s ⁻² has already been adopted by the International Astronomical Union for the definition of the constant L _G = W ₀/c ² = 6.969290134 × 10⁻¹⁰ (where c is the speed of light), which is required for the realization of the relativistic atomic time scale. The constant L _G , based on the above value of W ₀, is also included in the 2003 International Earth Rotation and Reference Frames Service conventions. It has also been suggested that W ₀ is used to specify a global vertical reference system (GVRS). W ₀ ensures the consistency with the International Terrestrial Reference System, i.e. after adopting W ₀, along with the geocentric gravitational constant (GM), the Earth’s rotational velocity (ω) and the second zonal geopotential coefficient (J ₂) as primary constants (parameters), then the ellipsoidal parameters (a,α) can be computed and adopted as derived parameters. The scale of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2000 (ITRF2000) has also been specified with the use of W ₀ to be consistent with the geocentric coordinate time. As an example of using W ₀ for a GVRS realization, the geopotential difference between the adopted W ₀ and the geopotential at the Rimouski tide-gauge point, specifying the North American Vertical Datum 1988 (NAVD88), has been estimated.     

The study and analysis of floating datum selection for rugged terrain

We analyze the characteristics of different floating datums for static corrections and discuss the methods for determining them. The effect of different floating datum corrections was studied using theoretical model experiments, resulting in the conclusion that the velocity obtained after the floating datum correction with the minimum static correction errors depends on the velocity of the layer below the low velocity layer （LVL） lower boundary and is not related to topographic relief and LVL structure. For the real data processing case, wave equation numerical model experiments were conducted which resulted in a new method for calculating objective functions based on the waveform and modifications to the calculation equation for minimum static correction errors to make the method suitable for real data static correction processing using inhomogeneous velocity models with lower velocity boundary relief. Real data processing results demonstrate the method＇s superiority.     

城市基础空间数据基准的统一和更新

对城市基础地理信息数据库的数据源——空间位置数据的基准统一和更新方法进行了探讨,提出七参数转换和平面相似变换是实现空间位置数据的基准统一和更新的实用方法,并通过算例证明了该方法的正确性。     

GPS水准的拟合基准面高程系统

针对线路工程提出利用若干个GPS和水准高程点建立一个拟合面作为高程基准面,这样GPS高程经拟合后可获得相对于拟合基准面的准确高程,水准测量附合于GPS点进行闭合差的调整,充分利用了GPS的高程信息,有益于在线路工程中用GPS替代常规基平水准测量。     

21世纪我国面临的测绘基准面问题

大地水准面与深度基准面是测绘垂直基准面的主要因素。文中探讨了我国测绘垂直基准面的现状及其存在的问题 ,提出了改进测绘垂直基准面之拙见 ,以便在下一个世纪提到议事日程与同仁商榷。