融合网格注意力阀门和特征金字塔结构的高分辨率遥感影像建筑物提取

在高分辨率遥感影像中提取建筑物轮廓是地区基础建设信息统计的一项重要任务。适应性较强的深度学习方法已在建筑物提取研究中取得较大进展,受网络模型对影像特征表达的局限性,存在局部建筑轮廓边缘模糊的问题。本研究提出一种基于注意力的U型特征金字塔网络（AFP-Net）可以聚焦高分遥感影像中不同形态的建筑物结构,实现建筑物轮廓的高效提取。AFP-Net模型通过基于网格的注意力阀门Attention Gates模块抑制输入影像中的无关区域,凸出影像中建筑物的显性特征;通过特征金字塔注意力Feature Pyramid Attention模块增加高维特征图的感受野,减少采样中的细节损失。基于WHU建筑物数据集训练优化AFP-Net模型,测试结果表明AFP-Net模型能够较清晰地识别出建筑物轮廓,在预测性能上有更好的目视效果,在测试结果的总体精度和交并比上较U-Net模型分别提高0.67%和1.34%。结果表明,AFP-Net模型实现了高分遥感影像中建筑物提取的结果精度及预测性能的有效提升。     

中国区域再分析湿度资料与均一化探空湿度资料的对比分析

利用1980—2010年中国98个探空站均一化月平均温度和温度露点差资料(OBS)和NCEP/NCAR(NCEP)、ERAInterim(ERA)、JRA-25(JRA)3种再分析月平均比湿资料,使用相似分析、趋势分析等方法对中国区域4种资料高空比湿进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)从空间分布特征分析,JRA比湿与OBS比湿的空间分布相似系数最大。(2)3种再分析资料比湿普遍大于OBS比湿,除个别站点个别层次外,JRA和OBS比湿更加接近;再分析比湿和OBS比湿的相对偏差随高度增加而增大,且冬春季大于夏季。(3)从长期变化趋势分析,在对流层低层,JRA和0BS比湿较接近,在对流层中高层ERA和OBS比湿较接近。     

WRF模式同化系统对不同观测数据集的应用对比研究

同化不同观测资料数据集得到的模拟结果大有差异,而实际应用中资料的获取及同化前的预处理也是一项耗时的工作,因此针对不同的研究目的,采用适当的观测资料进行同化是必要的。采用WRF模式同化系统,同化收集到的2种观测资料数据集(分别为全国观测资料数据集和NCEP ADP全球地面观测数据集),并将2种同化试验与未同化模拟结果对比得出:同化不同观测资料数据集对模拟效果影响较大,尤其对垂直方向上的模拟效果影响要大于对地面的;同化国家站数据集在垂直方向上优势明显,但在低空的模拟效果不如加入更多观测数据类型的NCEP ADP数据集的模拟效果;对受局地影响较大的要素,同化对模拟的改善作用显著;相比NCEP ADP数据集,WRF模式在同化国家站数据集后需要更长的积分时间来与之协调,因此选择合适的模式积分开始时间与同化资料的有效时间是必要的。     

A Potential Risk Index Dataset for Landfalling Tropical Cyclones over the Chinese Mainland (PRITC dataset V1.0)

A dataset entitled "A potential risk index dataset for landfalling tropical cyclones over the Chinese mainland" (PRITC dataset V1.0) is described in this paper, as are some basic statistical analyses. Estimating the severity of the impacts of tropical cyclones (TCs) that make landfall on the Chinese mainland based on observations from 1401 meteorological stations was proposed in a previous study, including an index combining TC-induced precipitation and wind (IPWT) and further information, such as the corresponding category level (CAT_IPWT), an index of TC-induced wind (IWT), and an index of TC-induced precipitation (IPT). The current version of the dataset includes TCs that made landfall from 1949–2018; the dataset will be extended each year. Long-term trend analyses demonstrate that the severity of the TC impacts on the Chinese mainland have increased, as embodied by the annual mean IPWT values, and increases in TC-induced precipitation are the main contributor to this increase. TC Winnie (1997) and TC Bilis (2006) were the two TCs with the highest IPWT and IPT values, respectively. The PRITC V1.0 dataset was developed based on the China Meteorological Administration's tropical cyclone database and can serve as a bridge between TC hazards and their social and economic impacts.     

中国55年来地面水汽压网格数据集的建立及精度评价

对气象要素网格化是气候变化研究中避免空间抽样误差的有效方法之一.文中采用薄盘光滑样条插值法(ANUSPLIN),在考虑站点经度、纬度和海拔高度的基础上,对中国55年来地面水汽压站点资料进行空间插值,得到了中国陆地水汽压年和月平均值1°×1°网格数据集.精度检验表明:中国年水汽压插值误差普遍小于0.3 hPa;而月水汽压的插值误差由于受水汽压周期变化的影响,表现出周期性变化的特点.一般夏季较大,最大误差在0.5 hPa左右,冬季较小,约为0.2 hPa.在考虑站点海拔与对应网格DEM差值大小的基础上,建立实测水汽压值与对应网格水汽压值年序列,并进一步分析二者的相关关系,表明:(1)二者具有很好的相关性,相关系数为0.88-0.96;(2) 能很好地模拟地形影响,得到的网格水汽压可以较好地代表实测水汽压的变化趋势.由此建立了中国近55年来地面水汽压的年序列.其趋势表明:近55年来中国年平均水汽压呈增加趋势,其线性趋势为0.52 hPa/(100 a),其中西部增加趋势大于东部,且以夏季的增大趋势最为显著.结合近50年来气温的变化趋势说明:在中国,气温每增加1 ℃,大气中年平均水汽含量约增加3.15%.     

2015年嘉陵江上游燕子河流域地质灾害调查数据集

本数据集是依托2015年嘉陵江上游燕子河流域内崩塌、滑坡、泥石流和工程地质调查资料,根据中国地质调查局统一的标准和要求编制的。数据采集通过遥感解译、地面调查结合三维激光扫描、低空无人机航拍、综合地球物理勘探等工作手段获取。数据集包括滑坡数据223组、崩塌数据170组、泥石流数据44组,以及专门工程地质调查数据129组。数据集信息包括燕子河流域内崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害的基本属性、产出的地质环境背景条件、发育特征与分布规律、孕灾的工程地质条件。通过野外数据现场采集、数据整理及校验、数据入库及审查等流程,以及完善的质量控制体系,确保了数据集的真实性、可靠性、准确性。该数据集全面提升了燕子河流域的地质灾害和工程地质调查精度,为该流域内崩塌、滑坡、泥石流的形成机理研究及易发性、危险性、风险性区划研究,提供了有效支撑,同时也为该流域地质灾害防治提供了可靠的基础数据。     

ECMWF和NCEP再分析资料在青藏高原高度场变化中的对比分析

利用ECMWF和NCEP/NCAR北半球逐月平均的600 hPa、500 hPa和200 hPa高度场再分析资料,对高原地区高度场流型及量值进行对比研究.结果表明:二者在不同的再分析资料中具有一定的相似性,但仍存在着明显的区别.高度场流型的区别由低层向高层依次减小,600hPa高度场除冬季的流型基本一致外,其余三季的流...     

SPATIALIZATION MODEL OF POPULATION BASED ON DATASET OF LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGE IN CHINA

The spatialization of population of counties in China is significant.Fistly,we can gain the estimated val-ues of population density adaptive to different kinds of regions.Secondly,we can integrate effectively population data with other data including natural resources,environment,society and economy,build 1km GRIDs of natural resources re-serves per person,population density and other economic and environmental data,which are necessary to the national manage-ment and macro adjustment and control of natural resources and dynamic monitoring of population.In order to establish population information system serving national decision-making,three steps ought to be followed:1)establishing complete geographical spatial data foundation infrastructure including the establishment of electric map of residence with high resolu-tion using topographical map with large scale and high resolution satellite remote sensing data,the determination of at-tribute information of housing and office buildings,and creating complete set of attribute database and rapid data update-ing;2) establishing complete census systems including improving the transformation efficiency from census data to digital database and strengthening the link of census database and geographical spatial database,meanwhile,the government should attach great importance to the establishment and integration o population migration database;3)considering there is no GIS software specially seving the analysis and management of population data,a practical approach is to add spe-cial modules to present software system,which works as a bring actualizing the digitization and spatialization of popula-tion geography research.     

Identifying tropical dry forests extent and succession via the use of machine learning techniques

Information on ecosystem services as a function of the successional stage for secondary tropical dry forests (TDFs) is scarce and limited. Secondary TDFs succession is defined as regrowth following a complete forest clearance for cattle growth or agriculture activities. In the context of large conservation initiatives, the identification of the extent, structure and composition of secondary TDFs can serve as key elements to estimate the effectiveness of such activities. As such, in this study we evaluate the use of a Hyperspectral MAPper (HyMap) dataset and a waveform LIDAR dataset for characterization of different levels of intra-secondary forests stages at the Santa Rosa National Park (SRNP) Environmental Monitoring Super Site located in Costa Rica. Specifically, a multi-task learning based machine learning classifier (MLC-MTL) is employed on the first shortwave infrared (SWIR1) of HyMap in order to identify the variability of aboveground biomass of secondary TDFs along a successional gradient. Our paper recognizes that the process of ecological succession is not deterministic but a combination of transitional forests types along a stochastic path that depends on ecological, edaphic, land use, and micro-meteorological conditions, and our results provide a new way to obtain the spatial distribution of three main types of TDFs successional stages.     

基于MARS的模式数据精细化服务平台设计

针对传统模式数据服务的缺陷和弊端,按照互联网+思维,研究模式数据的分类和特点,深入分析各模式数据的类型、层次、时间、时次、数据中心、要素、时次、时效、区域、分辨率之间的关联,设计数据配置以及数据配置项与MARS命令脚本的转换算法。从易用性角度进行了流程设计、数据库设计、功能设计、页面设计,根据用户使用行为设计一个基于B/S的数据服务平台,实现了用户按需进行精细化获取数据的系统,降低了数据服务人员的工作强度,提高了业务用户和科研用户的工作效率。