液态不混溶作用:成矿机制之一 ——以太行山地区的金矿为例

太行山地区的许多金矿产在花岗质岩体内部及其附近的围岩中,产出形式以金属硫化物石英脉为主（如蔡术庵金矿、土石金矿、九集庄金矿等）,部分金矿以爆破角砾岩体的形式出现（如窑沟金矿）,另一部分则以含矿金属硫化物浸染在花岗岩破碎带中的形式产出（如上明峪金矿）...     

造山带中、新生代隆升作用构造年代学研究新进展

造山带中,新生代降 作用构造年代学研究在内容上强调隆升的细致过程和机制的研究,在方法上有４点值得重视：利用财核素测定年龄;利用ＭＤＤ模式定量研究山体隆升过程;利用磷灰石裂变径迹定年方法研究山脉的隆升与剥露;复地貌有关参数判断抬升机制。对大别造山带中,新生代隆升作用的构造年代学进行剖析后,得到一些规律性认识;隆升构造复杂多亲,可划分４类６型隆升构造;隆升作用在时间上显示缓慢和强烈或相间的节律性;空间     

浅析广安华蓥山区山水林田湖综合治理措施——以高顶山矿区为例

高顶山矿区位于广安华蓥市城区东南约5km处。长期的采矿活动,导致区内矿山地质环境问题突出,严重影响华蓥山地区人民的生命财产安全。矿山地质环境问题亟待解决。本文通过分析区内主要存在的矿山地质环境问题,提出通过矿山地质灾害、矿山土地恢复、矿山地形地貌景观恢复治理,河道综合整治、道路修复、生态保育、产业提升等措施;消除安全隐患,保障区内人民生命财产安全;改善生态环境,实现华蓥山地区生态环境全面恢复,生态环境质量提升,提高环境承载力,实现区内"山青、水秀、林美、田良"的目标。并对区内的产业转型升级进行了探讨,提出将高顶山矿区建设成具有科普和教育价值的旅游景观目的地;利用矿区独具特色工业人文景观和别致的自然景观,将高顶山矿区建设成集"科普、休闲、康养、户外、探秘"五大功能于一体的矿山公园,推动矿业经济转型升级,促进产业结构转型和经济社会可持续发展。     

Mantle plumes,triple junctions and transforms:A reinterpretation of Pacific Cretaceous-Tertiary LIPs and the Laramide connection

The Shatsky and Hess Rises,the Mid-Pacific Mountains and the Line Islands large igneous provinces(LIPs) present different challenges to conventional plume models.Resolving the genesis of these LIPs is important not only for a more complete understanding of mantle plumes and plume-generated magmatism,but also for establishing the role of subducted LIP conjugates in the evolution of the Laramide orogeny and other circum-Pacific orogenic events,which are related to the development of large porphyry systems.Given past difficulties in developing consistent geodynamic models for these LIPs,it is useful to consider whether viable alternative geodynamic scenarios may be provided by recent concepts such as melt channel networks and channel-associated lineaments,along with the "two mode"model of melt generation,where a deeply-sourced channel network is superimposed on the plume,evolving and adapting over millions of years.A plume may also interact with transform faults in close proximity to a mid ocean ridge,with the resultant bathymetric character strongly affected by the relative age difference of lithosphere across the fault.Our results suggest that the new two-mode melt models resolve key persistent issues associated with the Shatsky Rise and other LIPs and provide evidence for the existence of a conduit system within plumes that feed deeply-sourced material to the plume head,with flow maintained over considerable distances.The conduit system eventually breaks down during plume-ridge separation and may do so prior to the plume head being freed from the triple junction or spreading ridge.There is evidence for not only plume head capture by a triple junction but also for substantial deformation of the plume stem as the distance between the stem and anchored plume head increases.The evidence suggests that young transforms can serve as pathways for plume material migration,at least in certain plume head-transform configurations.A fortuitous similarity between the path of the Shatsky and Sio plumes,with respect to young spreading ridges and transforms,helps to clarify previously problematic bathymetric features that were not readily ascribed to fixed plumes alone.The Line Island Chain,which has been the subject of a vast number of models,is related mainly to several plumes that passed beneath the same region of oceanic crust,a relatively rare event that has resulted in LIP formation rather than a regular seamount track.Our findings have important implications for the timing and mechanism for the Laramide Orogeny in North America,demonstrating that the Hess Rise conjugate may be much smaller than traditionally thought.The Mid Pacific Mountains conjugate may not exist at all,given large parts of these LIPs were formed at an ‘off-ridge' site.This needs to be taken into account while considering the effects of conjugate collision on mineralization and orogenic events.     

大兴安岭原始森林覆盖区化探异常查证方法研究与实践

文章综述了原始森林覆盖区勘查技术方法研究历史、现状及意义.通过对区内某1:20万化探异常进行追踪、查证方法的实验性研究,初步确定适合原始森林覆盖区的物探方法和化探方法.对具有成矿远景的1:20万异常的查证方法、过程为:①1:5万网格法水系沉积物或1:5万土壤测量;②配合以适量的1:1万或1:2万剖面土壤测量,最终达到分解异常、缩小找矿靶区的目的;③1:1万～1:2万地质简测,结合地表工程确定是否为矿致异常,初步确定矿化类型;④选用高精度磁测、双频激电测量方法进行1:2.5万或1:1万的面积性物探测量;⑤运用槽探、坑探、浅井及钻探等探矿手段寻找工业矿体.对二根河、洛古河、阿南林场3个1:20万异常查证证明该方法是适宜森林覆盖景观区的快捷且行之有效的异常查证方法.     

Stability Study of a Tide Embankment Subjected to Sea Level Variations Using Centrifugal Model Tests

To investigate the behavior of dredged-sea-sand fill compacted inside tide embankments with a damaged geosynthetic mat, centrifugal model tests and numerical simulation were conducted, both considering variations in sea level. The results from the three centrifugal model tests demonstrate that the subsidence of the dredged-sea-sand fill inside tide embankments with a damaged geosynthetic mat was strongly affected by the loss of dredged-sea-sand into the filter layers with large particles and a decrease in the bearing capacity of the filter layers with small particles. In addition, a comparison of the test and simulation results confirms that the loss of sand into the filter layer and the subsidence of the dredged-sea-sand fill were well reproduced by the numerical simulation.     

碰撞条件下高弹模CFRP加固自升式平台桩腿性能分析

由于腐蚀、海生物附着等因素导致老龄化海洋平台在与船舶碰撞的事故作用下,桩腿变形加大,降低了承载性能。为减少碰撞对桩腿的损伤,提高其耐撞性能,提出了利用吸收能力较强的高弹模CFRP材料加固平台桩腿的方法。以某自升式海洋平台桩腿为例,利用有限元法建立简化的碰撞模型,通过在局部损伤部位粘贴高弹模CFRP材料来提高桩腿的耐撞性能,验证高弹模CFRP加固方法,提高其耐撞性能的有效性。研究表明,相同的碰撞条件下,加固前碰撞力使桩腿产生了接近屈服强度的应力;粘贴2层CFRP布后,桩腿吸能下降56.3%,极值应力下降了14.7%;粘贴CFRP板后,桩腿吸能下降70.68%,桩腿的极值应力下降57.36%。     

东天山黄山南镁铁-超镁铁质岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及岩浆演化过程探讨

黄山南镁铁-超镁铁质岩体位于东天山造山带觉罗塔格构造带内,与构造带内一系列镁铁-超镁铁质岩体构成了东天山镁铁-超镁铁质岩带。黄山南岩体锆石U-Pb同位素定年得到293.7±3.1Ma的加权平均年龄,显示其形成年龄为早二叠世。岩石样品镁铁比值m/f比值介于4.45~6.37之间,属于铁质超基性岩;利用橄榄石最高Fo值计算得到黄山南岩体母岩浆的Mg~#值为0.70,表明其母岩浆成分与原生岩浆较为接近,具有高镁拉斑玄武岩质岩浆的性质,且演化程度较低或母岩浆有过剩橄榄石堆晶的加入。Ba/La、Ba/Nb、Ba/Th、Rb/Nb、Th/Nb和Sm/Yb等微量元素比值表明黄山南岩体的岩浆源区可能为一被俯冲板片沉积物和流体改造过的较富集的岩石圈地幔。主量元素变化特征显示了岩浆结晶分异作用的一般特征;较高的Ba/Nb比值,相对高的La/Nb和低La/Ba值以及Ni-Ta-(Ti)元素的负异常表明岩浆上升过程中可能经历了地壳物质的混染作用。黄山南岩体年龄及岩石地球化学特征综合表明其能够代表东天山地区地幔岩浆演化早期阶段的产物,具有较好的成矿潜力。     

兰州市南北两山生态建设效应的遥感监测

利用1999年Landsat ETM+、2005年Landsat TM卫星影像和2009年“环境与灾害监测预报小卫星”影像提取兰州南北两山地区三期土地利用数据,将景观生态学的理论与兰州南北两山环境绿化工程的实际相结合,运用GIS分析、景观指数计算及数理统计等多种方法,对兰州南北两山地区1999—2009年的土地利用与景观格局动态变化进行分析。结果表明,10 a来兰州南北两山的土地利用变化主要表现为林地和建设用地的增加,草地和农田的减少;景观格局趋于破碎化,多样性增大,景观结构趋于多样化和均匀化。驱动力分析表明,人类活动和政策因素是导致该区土地利用和景观格局变化的主要原因。