Interaction between a surface jet and subsurface vortices in a three-layer quasi-geostrophic model

This study focuses on the interaction between mid depth vortices and surface jets and fronts in a three-layer quasi-geostrophic model. Such vortices may be regarded as an idealisation of meddies, eddies of Mediterranean Water in the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean, interacting with the Azores j t and front. Successively, a single vortex, a vortex doublet and a vortex pair (in the middle layer) are studied. When a single vortex is considered, the jet has a critical effect of its motion, temporarily slowing down its zonal drift and accelerating it meridionally as the vortex crosses the front. On the contrary, if the vortex does not cross the front, it can drift fairly rapidly along it. The merger of a vortex doublet (two like-signed vortices) below a surface jet is possible whatever the relative position of this doublet with respect to the jet axis. Nevertheless, doublets initially located below the front, will undergo stronger shear and merger efficiency will be diminished. The merged vortex will be circled at the surface by a large meander of the jet. Finally, eastward jet-dipole interaction experiments are performed with various orientations of the vortex dipoles. Eastward propagating dipoles below the jet follow it without deformation. Southeastward drifting dipoles finally join the previous evolution. Southward and southwestward directed dipoles cross the surface jet southeastward. The presence of meanders initially on the jet does not prevent its crossing by a single vortex. Characteristics of the surface jet meanders are also described for a possible remote detection of this process.     

用于地电阻率交流电法观测的低频稳流电源研发

为了解决地电阻率观测中台站受环境干扰而影响观测等问题,我国地震工作者正在研究和尝试基于交流电法的新型地电阻率观测系统,这种新型观测系统主要由低频稳流电源系统和接收系统组成。本文对低频稳流电源系统的关键技术进行了分析,并介绍了电源系统的功率变换电路和逆变输出电路等关键环节设计,最后对研发的具有大功率可变频稳流输出性能的低频电源样机的输出性能进行了测试。测试结果表明,该型电源样机的各项技术指标均达到了设计要求,其输出性能良好。     

地震重力异常形成机理及其在地震预报中的作用

分析了地震重力异常的形成机理,结合玉树、唐山和汶川三个地震实例阐述了重力异常现象与地震之间的对应关系。认为重力异常可以用来预报地震。流动重力观测和GRACE卫星观测是地震预报中常用的两种重力预测方法,前者可以进行较准确的中短期预报,后者可以进行长期预报。     

Experimental study of the velocity of density currents in convergent and divergent channels

The head velocity of the density current in the convergent and divergent channel is a key parameter for evaluating the extent to which suspended material travels, and for determining the type and distribution of sediment in the water body. This study experimentally evaluated the effects of the reach degree of convergence and divergence on the head velocity of the density current. Experiments were conducted in the flume with 6.0 m long, 0.72 m width and 0.6 m height. The head velocity was measured at three convergent degrees （-8°; -12°; -26°）, at three divergent degrees （8°; 12°; 26°） and two slopes （0.009, 0.016） for various discharges. The measured head velocity of the density current is compared with the head velocity of the density current in the constant cross section channel. Based on non-dimensional and statistical analysis, relations as linear multiple regression are offered for predicting head velocity of the density current in the convergent, divergent and constant cross section channel. Also the results of this research show that for the same slope and discharge, the head velocity of the density current in the convergent and divergent channel are greater and less than the head velocity of the constant cross section, respectively.     

与大电流信号有关的华北东部地区地电场空间变化特征的研究

在地震电磁学研究中,电流在地下的流动特征与构造关系是一个非常重要的问题.大范围观测站的分布和强电流源存在的格局为我们研究这个问题提供了机会.本文通过对青岛换流站接地极向地下注入2100~3004 A大电流时华北东部地区21个地电场台站观测的研究,深入认识了地电场信号变化实质.研究表明：①沿着郯庐断裂带方向、跨过郯庐断裂带西南方向、跨过郯庐断裂带北西方向能够记录到地电流信号的特征变化非常大,存在着明显方向性特征和“穴位”现象.②注入大地的电流强度越大,则在观测点记录到的地电流信号强度也越强.③本文研究区域里地电场信号的均匀度并不遵循均匀介质条件下的一般规律,说明地下介质电性非均匀性和各向异性特征明显.④大电流注入地下时能够较正确地反映信号源方位的台站较少,只有安丘台、大山台和新沂台所观测到的方位线可用于确定信号源的位置.本文从点电流源与台站测线布局构成的装置系统、大区域介质非均匀性、台站测区以及附近地区的介质细结构的影响三个方面,通过数值模拟,对上述特征进行了较深入的分析和解释.     

利用反射地震和多波束资料研究南海西北部麻坑的结构特征与成因

麻坑通常是由海底流体逸散形成的一种海底表面的残留地貌.本文所研究的区域主要位于南海的西北部,包括琼东南盆地的西南部和中建南盆地的中北部.该区域海底表面主要覆盖细粒沉积物,并且底流活动强烈,底流水道发育,为麻坑的形成和发育提供了有利条件.麻坑发育的主要因素是流体逸散系统,本文通过反射地震资料在本区发现了断层、气烟囱、泥火山、泥底辟、声空白/声混浊、强反射等多种与流体逸散相关的指示特征.麻坑的几何特征随着区域的不同会有较大变化.首先本区麻坑的尺寸跨度较大,与底流水道伴生的麻坑和广乐隆起的麻坑表面宽度通常是几十米到数百米,其他区域麻坑的表面宽度通常可达数千米,被称为巨型麻坑.其次本区麻坑的表面形态复杂多样,有圆形、椭圆形、新月形、环形等.各种不同的形态有可能指示了麻坑的不同发育阶段,新月形麻坑可能发育程度较低,其次是环形,圆形则相对较为成熟.据此推断发育程度较低的新月形麻坑有可能是活动麻坑,而地震海洋学的资料也倾向于证实这一点.     

利用卫星遥感热场信息探索现今构造活动:以汶川地震为例

以汶川地震为例,探索卫星遥感获取的地表温度场中可能存在的构造活动信息。主要开展了3方面工作:1)分析了汶川地震前后的热场演化过程。结果表明,通过数据处理,将地表温度中的地形、大气和稳定年周期太阳辐射等非构造因素的影响去除后,获得的原地温度场中,存在丰富的、与构造展布密切相关的热信息。2)结合浅层气温的实际观测资料,初步尝试建立地表温度与地壳应力应变之间的定量关系。结果表明,地壳应力引起的温度变化,可对近地表大气温度产生比较明显的影响。特别是地表温度场中的低温区具有较高的可信度。汶川地震前后,降温区主要沿着大型活动地块的边界展布,反映出这些块体边界之间的相对拉张(或松弛)运动关系。3)以同震变形响应资料为基础,开展了变形与热信息的对比分析。结果表明,温度场获得的结果与同震变形观测结果高度吻合。这说明青藏高原内部地块边界的温度变化,可能正是地震前后青藏高原内部变形调整过程的真实反映。总之,可以通过"热"的方式来获取地壳应力状态的变化信息。     

壳体稳定性问题的研究进展

为探索大地震成因的物理机理,根据板壳理论的研究结果,综述多年来柔韧壳体非线性大挠度变形研究中与地震成因相关的壳体结构变形问题的研究进展、壳体结构变形过程中的稳定性问题。同时,介绍壳体曲率变化对其变形过程中稳定性的影响,期望能为探索大地震成因机理的研究提供某些有用的物理依据与理论基础。     

电测井中电流参数对地层的分辨能力分析

常规电测井一般通过测量供电电极的电流和测量电极之间的电位差来计算围岩的视电阻率并划分地层界面,而忽略了对电流参数的利用。本文基于欧姆定律,通过供电电极电流的变化定性分析其周围岩矿石电阻的变化,进而用电流强度变化曲线识别地层属性。理论分析和试验结果表明,供电电极电流大小取决于电极的接触电阻,而视电阻率大小取决两个测量电极之间或供电与测量电极之间介质的电阻率总和,因此,电流比视电阻率对地层的灵敏度要高一些。绘制电流强度测井曲线可以准确划分地层层位,确定地层厚度,且不增加成本。     

Improved method to derive equivalent current systems from global MHD simulations

Derivation of equivalent current systems(ECS)from a global magnetospheric magnetohydrodynamics(MHD)model is very useful in studying magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling,ground induction effects,and space weather forecast.In this study we introduce an improved method to derive the ECS from a global MHD model,which takes account of the obliqueness of the magnetic field lines.By comparing the ECS derived from this improved method and the previous method,we find that the main characteristics of the ECS derived from the two methods are generally consistent with each other,but the eastward-westward component of the geomagnetic perturbation calculated from the ECS derived from the improved method is much stronger than that from the previous method.We then compare the geomagnetic perturbation as a function of the interplanetary magnetic field(IMF)clock angle calculated from the ECS derived from both methods with the observations.The comparison indicates that the improved method can improve the performance of the simulation.Furthermore,it is found that the incomplete counterbalance of the geomagnetic effect produced by the ionospheric poloidal current and field-aligned current(FAC)contributes to most of the eastward-westward component of geomagnetic perturbation.