空间坐标系变换的函数梯度描述方法

为了将空间坐标系变换由静态的、不随时间发生变换的情况推广到动态的、随时间发生变换以及任意角度发生变换的情况,基于单位四元数构造的旋转矩阵和罗德里格矩阵的完全等价性,揭示出空间坐标系（空间直角坐标系）变换与函数梯度的数学关系,推导出由函数梯度表示的空间坐标系变换的数学公式,在理论上说明了用函数梯度描述空间坐标系变换的方法。研究表明：在数学意义上,空间坐标系变换的本质是"场",可以用"场"的概念统一以任意角度发生旋转变换的空间坐标系变换特例。为进一步研究空间坐标系随时间发生连续变换的情况或以新的思路为运动载体定姿奠定了理论基础。     

The decision of the optimal parameters in Markov random fields of images by genetic algorithm

This paper introduces the principle of genetic algorithm and the basic method of solving Markov random field parameters. Focusing on the shortcomings in present methods, a new method based on genetic algorithms is proposed to solve the parameters in the Markov random field. The detailed procedure is discussed. On the basis of the parameters solved by genetic algorithms, some experiments on classification of aerial images are given. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective and the classification results are satisfactory.     

Accuracy analysis for SST gravity field model in China

Taking China as the region for test the potential of the new satellite gravity technique, satelliteto-satellite tracking for improving the accuracy of regional gravity field model is studied. With WDM94 as reference, the gravity anomaly residuals of three models, the latest two GRACE global gravity field model (EIGEN_GRACE02S, GGM02S) and EGM96, are computed and compared. The causes for the differences among the residuals of the three models are discussed. The comparison between the residuals shows that in the selected region, EIGEN_GRACE02S or GGM02S is better than EGM96 in lower degree part (less than 110 degree). Additionally, through the analysis of the model gravity anomaly residuals, it is found that some systematic errors with periodical properties exist in the higher degree part of EIGEN and GGM models, the results can also be taken as references in the validation of the SST gravity data.     

Motion of animated streamlets appears to surpass their graphical alterations in human visual detection of vector field maxima

ABSTRACT

Animations have become a frequently utilized illustration technique on maps but changes in their graphical loading remain understudied in empirical geovisualization and cartographic research. Animated streamlets have gained attention as an illustrative animation technique and have become popular on widely viewed maps. We conducted an experiment to investigate how altering four major animation parameters of animated streamlets affects people’s reading performance of field maxima on vector fields. The study involved 73 participants who performed reaction-time tasks on pointing maxima on vector field stimuli. Reaction times and correctness of answers changed surprisingly little between visually different animations, with only a few occasional statistical significances. The results suggest that motion of animated streamlets is such a strong visual cue that altering graphical parameters makes only little difference when searching for the maxima. This leads to the conclusion that, for this kind of a task, animated streamlets on maps can be designed relatively freely in graphical terms and their style fitted to other contents of the map. In the broader visual and geovisual analytics context, the results can lead to more generally hypothesizing that graphical loading of animations with continuous motion flux could be altered without severely affecting their communicative power.     

多个超高阶重力场模型精度分析

分析了国际和国内公布的EGM2008、GECO、Eigen6c4、UGM2005、DQM2000d和DQM2006等超高阶重力场模型的内符合精度;利用中国境内的实测GPS/水准数据对各类模型进行了外符合精度检验;结合不同的方法对系统差进行了处理;最后基于试验区数据讨论了不同模型之间频谱组合方法对高程异常计算结果的改善情况。实验表明,Eigen-6C4模型具有更高的内符合精度,国内公布的UGM2005和DQM2006两种模型精度相当;本文提出的十参数法相比于传统四参数方法精度获得了4.6%~22.20%的提升;GECO模型和Eigen-6C4模型在实验区内外符合精度较好;不同模型之间的频谱组合可以在一定程度上提高试验区内模型确定高程异常的精度。     

GIS支持下的油气多因素综合预测方法——以苏里格气田苏120区为例

苏里格气田为一致密沙岩气田,油气富集区的预测优选为气藏开发奠定基础。常规的油气富集区预测方法存在着多学科成果综合分析困难、预测过程复杂、效率低下等弊端,本文针对苏里格120区块开展了基于GIS的油气富集区多因素综合预测方法的研究。首先借助GIS的空间数据库,实现多学科成果图件的集成管理;然后基于空间定位,从多学科成果图件中提取预测多因子,构建油气多因素综合预测模型;再次,运用GIS强大的叠加分析方法进行多因素综合预测,自动生成油气富集区预测平面图。本文的研究,为油气富集区的预测提供了新的技术方法,有效地提高了预测效率。     

视觉显著性与知觉组织相结合的高分影像居民地提取方法

受人类视觉认知机制的启发,提出了一种利用视觉显著性与知觉组织相结合的高分辨率遥感影像居民地提取方法。首先利用认知物理学中的数据场构建居民地的视觉显著性模型,并通过自适应阈值法实现候选居民地的自动提取,然后利用多尺度小波变换的高频特征实现居民地的知觉组织,最后通过集合交运算提取同时满足这两种视觉机制的居民地。通过ZY-3和Quickbird两种高分传感器的影像数据集进行居民地提取试验,验证了该方法的有效性。     

利用参考重力场模型基于能量法确定GRACE加速度计校准参数

利用多个参考重力场模型分别对GRACE一个月的实测加速度计观测数据进行检校。数值计算结果的比较分析表明了利用参考重力场模型确定加速度计校准参数是有效的。     

随机Dirichlet问题解的调和展开

针对重力学随机Dirichlet问题,通过适当地对边界检验函数的分解,并在随机边界样本空间中提取确定性部分的对偶基,本文将随机Dirichlet问题的一般解展开为一随机系数的调和级数形式。     

LAS格式解析及其扩展域的应用

激光雷达是近年来兴起的一种快速获取地物目标三维信息的主动遥感技术。其采集的离散激光点具有数据量大,信息丰富等特点。目前常用的LIDAR数据存储格式,在存储LIDAR数据时存在种种不足,且数据交换和共享困难。LAS格式是ASPRS制定的标准LIDAR数据交换格式,能较好地解决多属性离散激光点数据的存储问题,具有结构严谨,便于扩展等优点。本文在对LAS格式进行解析的基础上,针对LAS变长记录的扩展域,介绍了一些实际的应用。