交叉裂隙岩体裂纹扩展试验及混合有限-离散元数值模拟研究

对预制交叉裂隙岩石试样进行裂纹扩展试验,研究了裂纹萌生、扩展、聚合过程,分析了主裂隙和轴向载荷夹角及主次裂隙夹角对裂纹起裂应力和聚合应力的影响,并用混合有限元-离散元程序,即图形处理器并行化的3D Y-HFDEM代码对试验进行了仿真计算,实现了岩石破坏从连续介质向非连续介质的过渡,对裂纹类及损伤破坏模式进行了识别,捕捉到了试验中难以发现的现象。研究表明：随主裂隙与轴向载荷夹角增加,裂纹聚合区的拉伸裂纹数量增加;裂纹起裂和聚合应力与主裂隙与轴向载荷夹角成正比;主次裂隙夹角增加,岩石的破坏模式由拉伸破坏转为剪切破坏,交叉裂隙加剧岩石破碎程度;主裂隙尖端萌生扩展的拉伸-剪切混合裂缝引起的破坏在岩石破坏中占主导地位,是导致岩体失去承载能力的主控裂纹;混合有限元-离散元仿真软件GPGPU并行化的3D Y-HFDEM IDE在岩石裂纹扩展研究中具有优势,可以捕捉实验室难以发现的损伤断裂类型,可以作为岩石裂纹扩展研究的有力工具。     

平台巴西圆盘复合型加载下T应力计算法

平台巴西圆盘(CFBD)具有避免加载点处应力集中、保证破坏由预制裂纹尖端处起始的优点,成为研究脆性材料断裂性能的常用试件之一。最近的研究发现,T应力也会影响材料断裂性能,但平台巴西圆盘并没有计算T应力的解析公式。使用解析分析与有限元数值分析相结合的方法,对复合型加载条件下平台巴西圆盘试件的T应力进行了计算,并对误差进行了系统的分析。结果表明,在一定载荷分布角内相对裂纹长度 时,不管是纯I、纯II还是复合型加载条件下平台巴西圆盘计算的T应力都可以用中心裂纹巴西圆盘均布载荷下T应力计算公式来计算;T应力相对误差随着相对裂纹长度的增加而增加。     

基于断裂力学的特厚煤层综放开采顶板破断规律研究

针对特厚煤层综放开采过程中矿压显现剧烈支架工作阻力难以确定的问题,结合特厚煤层工作面顶板岩层破断形成的悬臂梁-砌体梁力学结构模型。工作面来压阶段支架工作阻力不足时,引起砌体梁结构下沉使悬臂梁结构回转变形破断,造成上覆砌体梁结构滑落失稳压架使工作面矿压显现剧烈的特点,建立了含中心斜裂纹的悬臂梁结构破断的力学模型,应用断裂力学理论,分析了悬臂梁破断失稳的影响因素,推导了支架荷载的表达式。结果表明：裂纹倾角和长度是悬臂梁破断失稳的主要影响因素;支架荷载除与悬臂梁自身因素有关外,还与砌体梁垮落步距等因素相关。结合塔山煤矿8102综采工作面地质条件,计算了支架荷载的理论值,验证了理论分析的合理性。理论研究成果对于分析特厚煤层开采时的支架荷载的大小,合理选择支架减少顶板事故具有一定的工程实际意义。     

Seismicity acceleration model and its application to several earthquake regions in China

With the theory of subcritical crack growth, we can deduce the fundamental equation of regional seismicity acceleration model. Applying this model to intraplate earthquake regions, we select three earthquake subplates: North China Subplate, Chuan-Dian Block and Xinjiang Subplate, and divide the three subplates into seven researched regions by the difference of seismicity and tectonic conditions. With the modified equation given by Sornette and Sammis (1995), we analysis the seismicity of each region. To those strong earthquakes already occurred in these region, the model can give close fitting of magnitude and occurrence time, and the result in this article indicates that the seismicity acceleration model can also be used for describing the seismicity of intraplate. In the article, we give the magnitude and occurrence time of possible strong earthquakes in Shanxi, Ordos, Bole-Tuokexun, Ayinke-Wuqia earthquake regions. In the same subplate or block, the earthquake periods for each earthquake region are similar in time interval. The constant αin model can be used to describe the intensity of regional seismicity, and for the Chinese Mainland, α is 0.4 generally. To the seismicity in Taiwan and other regions with complex tectonic conditions, the model does not fit well at present.     

Source process of very-long-period events accompanying long-period signals at Cotopaxi Volcano,Ecuador

Renewed seismic activity of Cotopaxi, Ecuador, began in January 2001 with the increased number of long-period (LP) events, followed by a swarm of volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes in November 2001. In late June 2002, the activity of very-long-period (VLP) (2 s) events accompanying LP (0.5–1 s) signals began beneath the volcano. The VLP waveform was characterized by an impulsive signature, which was accompanied by the LP signal showing non-harmonic oscillations. We observed temporal changes of both the VLP and LP signals from the beginning until September 2003: The VLP signal gradually disappeared and the LP signal characterized by decaying harmonic oscillations became dominant. Assuming possible source geometries, we applied a waveform inversion method to the observed waveforms of the largest VLP event. Our inversion and particle motion analyses point to volumetric changes of a sub-vertical crack as the VLP source, which is located at a depth of 2–3 km beneath the northeastern flank. The spectral analysis of the decaying harmonic oscillations of LP events shows frequencies between 2.0 and 3.5 Hz, with quality factors significantly above 100. The increased VT activity and deformation data suggest an intrusion of magma beneath the volcano. A release of gases with small magma particles may have repetitively occurred due to the pressurization, which was caused by sustained bubble growth at the magma ceiling. The released particle-laden gases opened a crack above the magma system and triggered the resonance of the crack. We interpret the VLP and LP events as the gas-release process and the resonance of the crack, respectively.     

桅杆结构纤绳连接拉耳孔边裂纹扩展形状变化特性研究

本文采用两自由度的裂纹扩展模型,以桅杆结构纤绳拉耳孔边裂纹前缘最深点和表面点的裂纹扩展增长量来追踪裂纹扩展。基于最小二乘法原理对通过有限元法所获得的各种裂纹形状所对应的裂纹前缘最深点和表面点的无因次形状因子进行多项式曲线拟合,用拟合曲线上的值代替离散的无因次形状因子扩充插值数据库,采用拉格朗日插值法计算任意形状裂纹前缘最深点和表面点无因次形状因子,并计算得到确定裂纹扩展速率所需要的应力强度因子幅度。最后根据裂纹前缘最深点和表面点的裂纹扩展速率确定桅杆结构纤绳连接拉耳孔边裂纹的扩展特性。     

根据含超压气体裂隙震源模式讨论P波初动符号的分布

利用含超压气体裂隙震源模式［１］分析研究了Ｐ波初动符号的分布．根据理论推导,不同倾角含超压气体裂隙可分别形成Ｐ波初动符号的四象限分布图象和圆、椭圆、抛物线、双曲线等圆锥曲线形Ｐ波节线．按节线形状和失稳方式进行了地震分类．所推论的初动Ｐ波、Ｓ波振幅分布规律和地形变特征都与实际相符     

弹性各向异性介质岩石体波相速度计算

综述弹性波相速度计算的若干严格数值方法和近似解析方法,对数值算例及对不同方法作了比较.结果显示,不同数值方法得到结果一致,其适用于计算任意复杂各向异性介质岩石的相速度,但不便从物理意义的角度去分析物理参数对速度的影响;而近似解析解虽然精确程度各有不同,但是便于从物理意义的角度去进行速度分析,并在此基础上解析求取群速度这...