A test method for analyzing the deformation of landslide model

In order to study the overall deformation of geotechnical model conveniently, the worksite of landslide bridge foundation reinforced by the front and rear row anti-slide piles in Chenglan railway was taken as an example. On the basis of shaking tabe test of a 1/40 reduced scale model, the landslide deformation caused by vibration waves was monitored through burying self-made phosphor bronze strips in soil. Combined with the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the bending strain points on the phosphor bronze strips, the digital matrix was converted by applying Renka Cline random matrix generation method, and the two-dimensional contour plots were drawn based on it. The results showed that the two-dimensional contour plots reflected the basic law of landslide deformation reasonably, and it revealed the evolution process of landslide deformation and failure. The research conclusions were consistent with the test phenomenon, which met the basic requirements of overall deformation analysis of landslide model. This proposed method can monitor multiple cross sections and was practical for model test.     

The influence of turbidity currents and contour currents on the distribution of deep‐water sediment waves offshore eastern Canada

Sediment waves are commonly observed on the sea floor and often vary in morphology and geometry according to factors such as seabed slope, density and discharge of turbidity currents, and the presence of persistent contour currents. This paper documents the morphology, internal geometry and distribution of deep‐water (4000 to 5000 m) bedforms observed on the sea floor offshore eastern Canada using high‐resolution multibeam bathymetry data and seismic stratigraphy. The bedforms have wavelengths of >1 km but fundamentally vary in terms of morphology and internal stratigraphy, and are distinguished into three main types. The first type, characterized by their long‐wavelength crescentic shape, is interpreted as net‐erosional cyclic steps. These cyclic steps were formed by turbidity currents flowing through canyons and overtopping and breaching levées. The second type, characterized by their linear shape and presence on levées, is interpreted as net‐depositional cyclic steps. These upslope migrating bedforms are strongly aggradational, indicating high sediment deposition from turbidity currents. The third type, characterized by their obliqueness to canyons, is observed on an open slope and is interpreted as antidunes. These antidunes were formed by the deflection of the upper dilute, low‐density parts of turbidity currents by contour currents. The modelling of the behaviour of these different types of turbidity currents reveals that fast‐flowing flows form cyclic steps while their upper parts overspill and are entrained westward by contour currents. The interaction between turbidity currents and contour currents results in flow thickening and reduced sediment concentration, which leads to lower flow velocities. Lower velocities, in turn, allow the formation of antidunes instead of cyclic steps because the densiometric Froude number (Fr′) decreases. Therefore, this study shows that both net‐erosional and net‐depositional cyclic steps are distributed along channels where turbidity currents prevail whereas antidunes form on open slopes, in a mixed turbidite/contourite system. This study provides insights into the influence of turbidity currents versus contour currents on the morphology, geometry and distribution of bedforms in a mixed turbidite–contourite system.     

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘桌子山地区石峡谷剖面中奥陶统克里摩里组下段等深流深水水道沉积

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘桌子山地区中奥陶统克里摩里组下段以深灰色薄—中层石灰岩夹灰黑色极薄层泥岩为特征,石灰岩单层略显透镜状且基本未受后期成岩作用改造,其中石峡谷剖面垂向上特征变化明显,是研究该组沉积过程的理想剖面。本次研究在详细的野外观察基础上,依据岩石特征和沉积构造进一步确认克里摩里组深水斜坡沉积背景和等深流沉积,同时详细研究了薄—中层石灰岩的充填特征和形态特征,探讨其水动力特征和沉积机制。结果表明: (1)在粉晶石灰岩和灰泥石灰岩中,晶粒呈散点状分布,粉晶之间为灰泥充填,同时岩层内部具有不均一性,粗粉晶、细粉晶和灰泥呈相间分布;(2)石灰岩主要发育和单层内粒度(方解石晶粒)变化有关的沉积构造,包括具有双向递变特征的粒序层、条带状构造和水平层—均匀层—水平层序列;(3)石灰岩层中透镜体发育,包括薄层中的小型连续透镜体、中层(一般小于30^cm)中的长透镜体以及由多个石灰岩层组成的透镜体,后者侧向上尖灭于页岩或地形高处,其内部单个岩层可呈对称性尖灭;(4)剖面上发育单层石灰岩厚度向上变薄的垂向序列以及由该序列组成的石灰岩叠置层。结合已有研究成果认为: 克里摩里组下段薄—中层石灰岩沉积于深水底流发育环境,其水动力具有低速、弱—强—弱周期变化和空间上受限的特征,应为等深流水道沉积,其沉积机制可分为3个阶段,即等深流作用前的清水钙质沉积、等深流作用期间对沉积物的改造和等深流作用后的浑水泥质沉积。     

SAR图像河流分割的加权指数区域能量模型

传统主动轮廓模型很难实现精确的SAR图像河流分割。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种加权指数区域能量主动轮廓模型,以精确地提取SAR图像中的河流。该模型在Chan-Vese(CV)模型能量泛函中引入了指数区域能量,能更好地衡量分割图像和原始图像的差异程度,提高模型的分割准确性。此外,利用目标区域和背景区域内像素灰度的最大绝对差取代模型中常值区域能量权重,自适应地调节目标区域和背景区域的能量比重,加速曲线运动到目标区域的边缘,获得更高的分割效率。针对实际河流SAR图像进行了分割试验,结果表明:与传统主动轮廓模型相比,本文提出的模型能更快速、精确地分割SAR图像中的河流,在分割结果和分割效率两方面具有优势。     

DLG内插等高线算法实现

本文针对DLG(Digital Line Graphic,数字线划地图)编辑过程中出现的等高线残缺,以及手绘实测等高线效率较低等问题,提出了一种用于地图编辑的等高线内插算法。文中介绍了算法的原理、实现,以及在编辑中可能遇到几种情况的处理。算法充分利用了等高线相关知识,速度快、操作简单,内插出的等高线质量较高,且本算法已经用VC++6.0编程实现并作为地图编辑软件DLGMate的一个重要模块,投入实际应用。     

江苏常州4.2级地震前的重力变化

利用江苏地区2019~2021年流动重力观测资料,分析江苏省常州市4.2级地震前不同时间尺度下的重力场变化。结果表明：1）0.5 a尺度重力场变化图像较好地反映了此次地震下降-转折上升-持续上升-反向变化及零值线附近发震的演化过程;2）常州4.2级地震前0.5 a和1 a尺度下的重力场均显示,地震发生在重力变化零值线附近。     

江西省新一代中短期预报业务流程介绍

按照中国气象局以数值预报产品为基础,以MICAPS预报人机交互系统为工作平台的思路．建立了包括气候背景、预报思路、天气会商、预报制作和管理5个模块的江西省新一代中短期预报业务流程,并重点介绍了数据转换、综合图定义、参数修改、网络改造等有关的本地化工作,以及包括天气形势描述、要素预报的人机交互修改、全省实况描述的预报制作和预报产品自动或半自动生成技术。     

重磁等值线与经纬网的分离及其矢量化

本文利用经纬网在局部范围的直线性直线的平均ｆｒｅｅｍａｎ链码等于其上任意一点的链码的这一特性,达到自动分离经纬网与等值线的目的,为实现等值线图的自动矢量化打下了基础。     

一种基于格网的快速等值线充填算法

本文提出一种基于格网的等值线跟踪,适用于任意边界分割的快速充填算法,实现充填的 量化效果。根据边界线与非封闭等值线间的关系,建立等值线间的拓扑关系,并以树结构方式存储,以准确快速地实现边界线、非封闭等值线之间的封闭和封闭等值线间的嵌套。该算法已成功应用于海量多波束地形数据的成图,克服了常用多波束后处理成图软件栅格充与等值线之间的失配。     

根据地性线绘制等高线的研究

根据地形特征点和地性线绘制等高线是测绘大比例尺地形图等高线的主要方法,本文在分析现有自动绘制等高线方法的基础上,提出了一种根据地性线及其拓扑关系直接求取和跟踪等高线的方法。针对利用各种传统曲线光滑算法所绘相邻等高线间常常出现不协调现象的缺点,首次提出并详细讨论了相邻等高线通过点间的抛物线双向加权平均光滑算法。大量实践表明,利用本文所提出的跟踪和光滑方法所绘等高线的光滑性和协调性是令人满意的。