庐枞早白垩世火山岩的地球化学特征及其源区意义

从中生代到新生代,华北东部岩石圈地幔发生了减薄以及地球化学性质置换, 而扬子地块东部中生代岩石圈地幔也表现出类似的过程,对中生代火山岩的地球化学研究有助于了解这一变化过程以及发生置换时的时空关系。庐枞火山岩出露于扬子地块东部,为一套包括粗玄岩–玄武粗安岩–粗面岩的富碱橄榄安粗岩系。研究了双庙组基性火山岩,这些岩石富集Rb,K,Sr,Th和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素。(87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.7060~0.7063,εNd(t )=-3.9~-6.2,(206Pb/204Pb)i=17.788~18.125,(207Pb/204Pb)i= 15.511~15.546,(208Pb/204Pb)i =37.735~38.184。在喷出地表过程中,火山岩没有受到明显的地壳物质混染,因此元素和同位素组成反映了地幔源区的地球化学特征。 其地幔源区具有同位素富集特征,表明火山岩源区曾受到地壳物质的影响,是富集地幔部分熔融的产物,并经历明显的结晶分异作用。庐枞火山岩的岩浆成分和源区特征反映该地区在晚中生代岩石圈地幔的伸展和软流圈地幔上涌的演化过程。     

全球陆地水储量对地球自转变化的激发作用

用美国环境预测中心和美国大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR)40年重新分析计划气候数据同化系统(CDAS)所得到的全球陆地水储量(土壤湿度和积雪水当量)数据,对地球自转变化(极移和日长)的激发作用作了分析．结果表明,陆地水储量对周年地极移动正频分量的激发为17．8mas,与大气激发相当,相位滞后约48°．其中,积雪水当量的激发结果与用人卫遥感技术所得到的积雪水当量激发的正、负频率分量的振幅和相位都符合得很好． 用陆地水储量数据得到对日长变化周年分量的激发作用约49μs,约占观测激发的15％,相位滞后约23°;对日长变化半年分量的激发作用约9μs,约占观测激发的3％,相位滞后约122°．     

湘西花桥-大江口地区推覆构造特征

湘西北地体与湘中地体碰撞拼贴带北西侧的前陆冲折带上发育一系列叠瓦状排列的逆冲推覆构造 ,向北西方向推覆 ,具双重逆冲推覆特征。叙述了该地区推覆构造的基本特征及其对中生代陆相红盆的形成、演化过程的控制和改造。     

华南古特提斯东延问题的探讨

通过有关古特提斯洋的建造记录和后期构造变位分析 ,认为古特提斯洋东段的位置仍应在现今的青藏—滇西三江往南沿碧土、昌宁—孟连、程逸至马来半岛的文冬—劳勿、加里曼丹 (古晋 )、巴拉望经吕宋—台湾至日本一线 ,现今古特提斯洋古缝合带呈U字形是由于受到印度板块向北推挤、南海扩展以及菲律宾板块向西推挤扭曲改造而成。复原其在白垩纪末至新生代初期的展布方向应是近东西向的 ,现今的华南从桂西经桂东南、粤西、赣中至闽浙 ,也是北特提斯北部裂解大陆边缘 ,当古特提斯洋开始向北俯冲走向关闭时 ,它转化为活动大陆边缘     

准噶尔盆地东部的前晚奥陶世陆壳基底--来自盆地东北缘老君庙变质岩的证据

出露在准噶尔盆地东北缘的老君庙变质岩 ,主要由绿片岩相的石英片岩构成 ,其上残存含前泥盆纪床板珊瑚和海百合茎化石的大理岩。对石英片岩中的白云母进行的4 0 Ar/ 39Ar定年 ,获得了(4 6 1.5± 0 .2 )Ma的坪年龄和 (4 6 2 .0± 4 .1)Ma等时线年龄 ,表明该变质岩的变质时代不晚于中奥陶世晚期 ,准噶尔盆地东部具有前晚奥陶世的陆壳基底。结合区域地质资料 ,推测准噶尔盆地的基底主体是古生代期间的陆块。     

Slab pull effects from a flexural analysis of the Tonga and Kermadec trenches (Pacific Plate)

Thin-plate flexure models have been frequently used to explain the mechanical behaviour of the lithosphere at oceanic trenches, but little attention has been paid to using them as a way to check the relative importance of different plate-driving mechanisms. A 2-D numerical algorithm accounting for the flexural deflection of the lithosphere controlled by multilayered elastic–plastic rheology (brittle–elastic–ductile) has been applied to the seaward side of the Tonga and Kermadec trenches. This approach gives a better fit to the bathymetry on both trenches than assuming classical homogeneous plate models, and allows the interplate coupling forces and the lithospheric strength profile to be constrained. Our results show that, in order to fit the observed deflection of the lithosphere, a regional tensile horizontal force must act in both regions. This tensile force and its flexural effects are discussed in terms of slab pull as a main plate-driving mechanism. The predicted stress and yielding distributions partially match the outer-rise earthquake hypocentres within the subducting plate, and thus do not invalidate the model.     

南海北部大陆坡区的突发性强流

应用声学多普勒流速剖面仪的定点观测资料 ,分析南海北部东沙群岛西南大陆坡区孤立内波引起的突发性强流。本次观测到的这些强流主要特征为 :( 1 )在 0— 1 50m的观测深度层内 ,流向主要以向岸方向为主 ,每一峰值持续时间约为 1 0— 2 5min。 ( 2 )在大潮期间 ,强流事件出现的次数较多 ,且强度大 ;在小潮期则反之。 ( 3)最强的突发性海流发生于斜压内潮强盛期 ,比天文大潮落后 4— 5d。 ( 4 )突发性强流事件既可呈现多峰型 ,也可呈单峰型。     

Marine organic geochemistry of the Eastern Mediterranean: 1. Aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons in Cretan Sea surficial sediments

As part of a lipid biogeochemical study, aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons were determined in surficial sediments from the Cretan Sea (South Aegean Sea) in the Eastern Mediterranean. Total concentrations of both aliphatic (AHC) and polyaromatic (PAH) hydrocarbons were low (562–5697 and 14.6–158.5 ng/g, respectively) with respect to other coastal sediments worldwide and compare with concentrations found in open sea areas. The composition of AHC was dominated by unresolved complex mixture (UCM) indicating the presence of petroleum-related hydrocarbon inputs as confirmed by the detection of specific α,β-hopanes. PAH consisted mainly of pyrolytic four- to five-ring compounds. UCM and PAH amounts revealed that Cretan Sea receives low supply of anthropogenic material compared to NW Mediterranean. The spatial distributions of AHC and PAH indicated that urban run-off and transport from the continental self are the major input pathway of anthropogenic and biogenic hydrocarbons from terrestrial sources in the near shore area, whereas atmospheric transport might be the significant source of hydrocarbons in the deep area.