GEOCHEMISTRY

正20141357 Guo Tao(School of Mathematics and Science,Shijiazhuang University of Economics,Shijiazhuang 050031,China);Hu Jiawen Assessment on the New Pressure-Volume-Temperature(PVT) Data of Supercritical Water(Geological Journal of China Universities,ISSN1006-7493,CN32-1440/P,19(3),2013,p.447-455,9 illus.,3 tables,32 refs.)Key words:supercritical fluids     

新疆古生代陆相火山-次火山岩型金矿成矿规律分析

新疆古生代陆相火山岩型金矿主要矿床式有阿希式,分布于西天山博罗科努西段,形成于晚泥盆世;石英滩式分布于东天山觉罗塔格,形成于早二叠世;马庄山式分布于塔里木板块北缘,形成于晚石炭世.通过成矿条件、成矿作用及矿床成因分析表明,上述金矿的成矿时代与含矿建造近于同时或略晚,属于陆相火山-次火山岩准同生Au-Ag成矿系列类型.     

古生代与三叠纪中国各陆块在全球古大陆再造中的位置与运动学特征

在尊重比较可靠的、测试精度较高的地块古地磁数据,重视生物古地理与地质构造演化史的相似性和协调性等原则的基础上,笔者编制了中国大陆及邻区各陆块古生代和三叠纪的古地磁数据表,并采用类似的比例尺,将中国各陆块放到相应的全球古大陆复原图上去。由此可以清晰地看出,在古生代早期全球各大陆的主要部分都位于赤道附近及南半球,大致表现为沿纬度、呈东西向排列的特征,中国及邻区的小陆块群在古生代始终都处在劳伦大陆、西伯利亚与冈瓦纳大陆之间;随着西伯利亚大陆的快速北移,在劳伦大陆与冈瓦纳大陆的西部地区发生南北向拼合,亚皮特斯洋和里克洋的消亡,到古生代晚期形成统一的泛大陆;而冈瓦纳大陆的东部(澳大利亚和印度等）则逐渐向南移动、离散,地壳张开,构成古特提斯洋;中国及邻区的小陆块群则一直处在古特提斯洋中,保持离散状态,总体上缓慢地向北运移,并逐渐转为近南北向的排列方式,石炭纪到三叠纪才在天山-兴安岭、昆仑山、秦岭-大别、金沙江和绍兴-十万大山等地段发生一系列局部性的陆陆碰撞,使中国大陆地块的大部分逐渐并入欧亚大陆。     

中亚陆间区南带上古生界构造和油气远景（代序）

安加拉-阿尔丹和华北-塔里木两大克拉通之间地壳相对活动性的地区,地质界多称为中亚陆间区,其南带大部分在中国境内。近年来,中国开始把其上古生界作为油气新区、新领域。多数人认为,其在晚古生代已形成过渡型地壳区,其中有许多地块已逐步拼合,在其上发育裂谷型沉积地质体,未受到区域变质,若干实体变形微弱并被上覆层掩盖而得到保存。源于上古生界的油气既可赋存在其内,也可运聚于中生界或基岩内,在其西段已发现了大中型油气田群。但其整体地质研究程度偏低,仍有许多重大区域地质、油气地质问题存在歧见。针对其近年来的进展、存在的问题和油气远景评价作了概括性的评论。     

The Himalayan Collisional Orogeny: A Metamorphic Perspective

This paper introduces how crustal thickening controls the growth of the Himalaya by summarizing the P-T-t evolution of the Himalayan metamorphic core. The Himalayan orogeny was divided into three stages. Stage 60–40 Ma: The Himalayan crust thickened to ~40 km through Barrovian-type metamorphism (15–25 °C/km), and the Himalaya rose from <0 to ~1000 m. Stage 40–16 Ma: The crust gradually thickened to 60–70 km, resulting in abundant high-grade metamorphism and anatexis (peak-P, 15–25 °C/km; peak-T, >30 °C/km). The three sub-sheets in the Himalayan metamorphic core extruded southward sequentially through imbricate thrusts of the Eo-Himalayan thrust, High Himalayan thrust, and Main Central thrust, and the Himalaya rose to ≥5,000 m. Stage 16–0 Ma: the mountain roots underwent localized delamination, causing asthenospheric upwelling and overprinting of the lower crust by ultra-high-temperature metamorphism (30–50 °C/km), and the Himalaya reached the present elevation of ~6,000 m. Underplating and imbricate thrusting dominated the Himalaya’ growth and topographic rise, conforming to the critical taper wedge model. Localized delamination of mountain roots facilitated further topographic rise. Future Himalayan metamorphic studies should focus on extreme metamorphism and major collisional events, contact metamorphism and rare metal mineralization, metamorphic decarbonation and the carbon cycle in collisional belts.     

Lamproitic Rocks from a Continental Collision Zone: Evidence for Recycling of Subducted Tethyan Oceanic Sediments in the Mantle Beneath Southern Tibet

Major and trace element, Sr–Nd–Pb isotope and mineralchemical data are presented for newly discovered ultrapotassiclavas in the Tangra Yumco–Xuruco graben in southern Tibet.The ultrapotassic lavas are characterized by high MgO, K₂O andTiO₂, low Al₂O₃ and Na₂O contents, and also have high molarK₂O/Al₂O₃, molar (K₂O + Na₂O)/Al₂O₃ and K₂O/Na₂O ratios. Theirhigh abundances of incompatible trace elements such as largeion lithophile elements (LILE) and light rare earth elements(LREE) reach the extreme levels typical of lamproites. The lamproitesshow highly radiogenic ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0· 7166–0·7363) and unradiogenic ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd (0· 511796–0·511962), low ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (18· 459–18· 931),and elevated radiogenic ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (15· 6732–15·841) and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (39· 557–40· 058) ratios.On the basis of their geochemical and isotopic systematics,the lamproites in south Tibet have a distinct magma source thatcan be differentiated from the sources of potassic lavas inthe east Lhasa and Qiangtang blocks. Their high Nb/Ta ratios(17· 10–19· 84), extremely high Th/U ratios(5· 70–13· 74) and distinctive isotope compositionsare compatible with a veined mantle source consisting of partialmelts of subducted Tethyan oceanic sediments and sub-continentallithospheric depleted mantle. Identification of the lamproitesand the delineation of their mantle source provide new evidencerelevant for models of the uplift and extension of the Tibetanplateau following the Indo-Asia collision. Metasomatism by partialmelts from isotopically evolved, old sediment subducted on theyoung Tethyan slab is an alternative explanation for PrecambrianNd and Pb model ages. In this model, differences in isotopiccomposition along-strike are attributed to differences in thetype of sediment being subducted, thus obviating the need formultiple metasomatic events over hundreds of million years.The distribution of lamproites, restricted within a north–south-trendinggraben, indicates that the initiation of east–west extensionin south Tibet started at 25 Ma. KEY WORDS: lamproites; subducted oceanic sediment; Tibetan active continental collision belt     

月球岩石圈弹性厚度研究进展

月球热演化研究需要丰富的月表热流数据.当前唯一的月表热流数据不完全可靠,单一数据也不足代表月球全球热流特征,通过月球岩石圈弹性厚度估算月表热流将会是有效的替代方案.针对弹性厚度估算的问题,概要回顾了以往估算的研究方法和成果,并对近年来利用重力地形导纳估算弹性厚度的理论方法进行了详细的介绍.近年来的研究结果表明月球全球岩...     

从亚洲大陆块体拼贴过程看大陆造山带的形成与演化

本文就亚洲大陆喜马拉雅造山带和大别-苏鲁造山带构造演化模式进行详细评述,并据大地构造学和古地磁学最新研究成果讨论并总结大陆造山带形成与演化模式,即大陆碰撞造山带的演化可能涉及以下5个连续的过程: 碰撞旋转拼合陆内挤压反弹.