Mining query-driven contexts for geographic and temporal search

The explosive growth of geographic and temporal data has attracted much attention in information retrieval (IR) field. Since geographic and temporal information are often available in unstructured text, the IR task becomes a non-straightforward process. In this article, we propose a novel geo-temporal context mining approach and a geo-temporal ranking model for improving the search performance. Queries target implicitly ‘what’, ‘when’ and ‘where’ components. We model geographic and temporal query-dependent frequent patterns, called contexts. These contexts are derived based on extracting and ranking geographic and temporal entities found in pseudo-relevance feedback documents. Two methods are proposed for inferring the query-dependent contexts: (1) a frequency-based statistical approach and (2) a frequent pattern mining approach using a support threshold. The derived geographic and temporal query contexts are then exploited into a probabilistic ranking model. Finally, geographic, temporal and content-based scores are combined together for improving the geo-temporal search performance. We evaluate our approach on the New York Times news collection. The experimental results show that our proposed approach outperforms significantly a well-known baseline search, namely the probabilistic BM25 ranking model and state-of-the-art approaches in the field as well.     

语篇、语境与中国古典哲学概念的英译

从语篇分析和语境角度探讨中国典籍中的一些概念的翻译，汉译英时对原文概念内涵与外延的理解应注意原文语篇意旨。译例证明：通过语篇分析和对语境的考虑，选择适当的译语表达源语概念是成功解决像《论语》和《庄子》这类中国古籍中概念翻译问题的有效途径。     

地质调查智能空间体系与架构

为构建新一代信息技术下的智能地质调查体系,把数字地质调查方式提升到地质调查过程智能化方式,本文以云计算、云GIS和Hadoop生态体系为基础,针对地质调查数据采集、数据分析处理、数据交换传输、三维建模、信息泛在服务和业务管理过程的环节,指出地质调查智能空间建设是智能地质调查的核心内容,提出了天地空一体化的地质调查智能空间体系、架构和应用模式,并在实际工作中对其关键技术进行了成功验证和示范。     

Religious Diversity and Religious Participation in U.S. Jewish Communities

This article examines variations in Jewish denominational identification (Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, and Just Jewish) among fifty-five U.S. Jewish communities completing local Jewish community studies from 1993 through 2011. We relate these variations to levels of religious and ethnic participation, contributing to the literature on how and whether religious pluralism relates to religious and ethnic participation. First, five denominational clusters are created via k-means cluster analysis (high Orthodox; equal, except Orthodox; high Reform; high Reform/low Just Jewish; and high Just Jewish). We then examine differences in geographic and demographic factors and in levels of religious participation among these denominational clusters. Second, various indexes of Jewish denominational diversity (index of dissimilarity, Shannon Index, Simpson Index, and largest group) are developed. The relationship of the level of Jewish denominational diversity to religious and ethnic participation is explored. The basic finding is that more Jewish denominational diversity does result in higher levels of religious participation but not ethnic participation.     

Using open‐ended geographic information system assessments to allow students to construct relevant geographies given the internationalisation of tertiary education in New Zealand

The geospatial skills shortage in New Zealand requires the development of more undergraduate geographic information system (GIS) courses. However, the internationalisation of New Zealand's tertiary education system has resulted in an increasingly diverse tertiary student population, which makes it challenging to teach GIS in a way that maximises relevance to all tertiary students. One approach to this challenge is to make use of the recent proliferation of openly available GIS data, and to internationalise GIS curricula by using open‐ended assessments that provide students with the opportunity to learn GIS by constructing their own geographies of relevance.     

Scaling ethnic segregation: causal processes and contingent outcomes in Chinese residential patterns

This paper advances a contingent perspective of residential segregation that recognizes it as a universal phenomenon of residential differentiation, yet one that results from different causal processes and which results in different spatial outcomes. The analytical separation of groups, contexts and scale is key to understanding the nature of segregation, i.e., what it signifies to the group and to the host society. We argue that segregation is created and maintained by different choices and constraints occurring across dimensions of production, reproduction and consumption. Spatial outcomes vary considerably, and may be arrayed in regard to the permanence of segregation, whether it facilitates identity maintenance, and whether segregation itself empowers or marginalizes the ethnic population. To demonstrate our approach, we analyze the segregation experiences of Chinese ethnics. Our argument is organized around the global, national and local scales at which causal processes shape the Chinese experience of segregation.     

文化语境下的公众参与--以环境法为视角

任何法律都是在一定的文化语境中生成并发挥作用。西方文化为公众参与提供了相应的支持，使之成长为法律制度。而在中华文化语境下，该理念却遭遇到一系列文化困境，这是法律借鉴中必须考虑的问题。细致深入地寻找文化支持，是在法律的应有范畴之内的，否则所谓的制度设计，就会沦为工具性的劳动。     

数字省、市在国土规划与城镇建设中的作用

全面介绍数字地球,数码城市,数字省、市的概念与理论;提出数字省、市建设的总体框架结构与上下连接关系;对数字省、市建设的技术支撑条件包括信息高速公路与计算机网络技术,遥感技术,地理信息系统,差分GPS技术,数据库管理技术,科学计算,虚拟现实技术等的发展与应用作了分析与讨论;分析了数字省、市在国土规划,城镇建设,城市规划管理中的应用前景;提出数字省、市应是全国各省、市推进经济与社会发展的一面旗帜,各省、市都应高高举起,以此推动数字中国,数字地球战略的实施与发展.     

一种顾及动静态的室内定位技术精度评价方法

为了解决室内定位问题,已提出多种室内定位系统,但各类定位系统的精度评价只利用了静态方法或动态方法中的一种,而两种方法均存在一定的优势和局限。本文根据室内定位系统精度评价的目的和需求,结合静态和动态评价方法的优劣进行优势互补,提出了一种顾及动静态的精度评价方法,该方法的关键是真值参考系统的建立。在对一种基于手机WiFi/PDR融合定位的室内定位系统验证试验中发现,该方法可以有效获得精度评价的指标,可满足室内定位系统的评估需求。