基于灯光数据的中国县域城镇建设用地产出效率时空演变特征

本文以灯光密度表征建设用地产出效率,采取KDE、ESDA、SDE等方法对中国县域尺度2000-2015年建设用地产出效率的总体特征、时空演变以及方向分布进行分析,研究发现：① 夜间灯光总亮度与建设用地出产出存在较强的相关关系,说明可用灯光总亮度表征建设用地产出,以灯光密度反映建设用地产出效率具有一定的科学性。② 建设用地产出效率东高西低,持续上升;增长速度西高东低,中部居中,但区域间年均增长率最大相差0.56%,整体较为均衡。③ 虽然建设用地产出效率由2000年的0.008单位灯光/km²持续上升至2015年的0.025单位灯光/km²,但其核密度曲线始终处于中低水平且右侧区间不断扩大,说明中国建设用地产出效率总体水平较低,呈现出中低水平俱乐部收敛的特征。④ 建设用地产出效率的全局 Moran's I指数都大于0,建设用地产出效率存在正向空间分布特征,且其局部空间格局变化较小,存在稳中有动,强中有弱,弱中有强的特点。⑤ 方向分布上,建设用地产出效率的方位角始终在72.420^o与81.066^o之间,说明东北-西南方向为建设用地产出效率的主要方向,且标准差椭圆的主轴与辅轴标准差都有所增加,说明在建设用地产出效率的主要方向与次要方向上都发生了分散现象。     

地质档案在经济建设中的作用

结合新疆维吾尔自治区地质档案资料二次开发利用带来的经济、社会效益,阐明了开展地质资料专项清理,推进地质档案开发利用,为区域经济建设服务的重要性。     

旅游资源非优区的园区化建设探讨——以吕梁山苍儿会旅游经济园区为例

旅游资源非优区主要是在资源质量及其开发条件等方面表现出"非优性"的特征.在区域发展中如果仍然沿用传统的旅游资源开发思路和方法,必然使区域旅游业处于市场竞争中的劣势.因此,对于该类型区域有必要探索出新的经济发展思路.从区域比较优势角度,旅游资源非优区的发展应以资源禀赋特征为基础,以旅游经济园区发展为主体,走产业多样化的道路.以吕梁山苍儿会生态旅游经济区为例,提出加快园区化建设的步伐,促进旅游经济与区域产业经济的良性互动,是避免片面强调旅游经济而抑制其它产业发展,以及促进区域可持续发展的根本战略选择.     

江西某高填方路基病害多阶段注浆加固工程实录

因水的浸泡作用及未清基导致江西某高填方路基产生病害,笔者用边坡多阶段注浆方法对其整治,设计及施工实践证明边坡多阶段注浆加固模型是正确的,也是适用的.多阶段注浆具有工期短、速度快,可以边施工边使用,既经济又稳妥,不改变已建成的道路外貌,能最大限度减少各方经济损失;多阶段注浆法及其加固模型可以在工程中使用.     

遥感影像分析在新增建设用地督察中的应用

以卫星影像大数据和时空数据挖掘技术为基础,采用深度学习框架支撑,构建了面向新增建设用地遥感监测应用需求的深度学习训练平台,可智能发现自然资源督察线索,全面提高自然资源督察问题的发现能力.该技术可广泛服务于大范围、高频次的督察工作,为督察工作提供更及时客观全面的信息基础和保障.     

公路隧道围岩地质条件评价方法及其富溪隧道应用研究

为了达到快速、准确、可靠的围岩分类,有效指导隧道施工,在充分研究和吸取国内外有关围岩分类的经验和成果基础上,针对隧道施工期间的围岩类别鉴定方法,提出了一种可用于隧道施工期间围岩类别鉴定的快速分类方法,该方法以定量与定性相结合、多专家评分的方式在开挖掌子面现场进行观察、量测及评价,无需复杂试验或测量以及繁杂计算,可迅速得出评价结果。为了更加全面地反映隧道围岩情况,准确评价围岩工程性质,结合目前国际上流行的Q分类系统,在富溪隧道第一手实测资料的基础上,根据快速分类结果和Q指标分类结果对富溪隧道围岩条件进行综合评价,为其隧道施工提供了合理的支护参数。     

收缩城市建设用地利用效率时空分异及影响机制——以黑龙江省伊春市为例

建设用地是城镇经济社会活动的空间载体,其利用效率是调控建设用地扩张和配置的重要基础.论文以收缩型城市——黑龙江省伊春市为例,利用DEA模型测算了1995-2015年伊春市建设用地利用效率分析其时空演变规律,并运用地理探测器模型探究伊春市建设用地利用效率空间分异的影响机制,结论如下:①1995-2015年伊春市建设用地利...     

Engineering characteristics and uses of duricrusts in Australia

The uses and shortcomings of duricrusts (ferricrete, calcrete and silcrete) in engineering construction (as used for road‐base, aggregate, foundation materials and aquifers) are reviewed. Australian production of these materials represents about one‐third of all unprocessed road‐base and they are especially important as pavement courses for lightly trafficked, low‐cost rural and outback roads. However, duricrusts are regarded as marginal materials at best because of their typically poor grading, particle unsoundness, high fines plasticity, and absorption of water and bitumen. These materials are used because they are available locally in areas that are otherwise lacking in hard rock materials, such as deeply weathered and sedimentary rock terrains. The weathering profiles of which they form part are characterized by high permeability (despite being clay‐rich), variable cementation, low compressibility and a tendency to become weaker with depth. Although the more indurated layers are unrippable, they are also difficult to blast. Pedogenic (nodular) duricrusts were formerly sought for natural road‐base, because they occur widely and require only rudimentary processing. However, well‐cemented groundwater (vadose) duricrusts are now the preferred deposits, even though they require crushing and screening. Ferricrete is the most widely exploited of the duricrusts for engineering purposes, especially in northern and southwestern Australia, although calcrete is important in South Australia and in the Murray Basin. Silcrete is only a minor source of aggregate and road‐base, mainly in western Queensland.     

Historical development of the saltmarsh at Wells,Maine

Comparisons of maps and aerial photographs dating from the late 1700s to the present document the recent development of an 8 km² saltmarsh that is situated behind a barrier spit in southern Maine. Tidal channels that were relatively narrow in 1794 became wider by 1872. The reduction of marsh bordering tidal channels is interpreted as evidence that marsh accretion could not keep pace with rising sea-level. This suggests that the rate of sea-level rise had increased, although a change in discharge or sediment load caused by extensive settlement and land clearance may also have been involved. Meander patterns of the tidal streams changed considerably throughout the time period covered by the maps, demonstrating that the streams of this marsh are more dynamic than some others that have been widely reported in the literature. These differences in stream dynamics are probably related to the differences in sedimentological structure of the marshes. Between 1872 and 1956 the barrier spit eroded on its inside (shoreward) edge, probably in response to the construction of riprapping and houses along the spit, and the subsequent reduction of overwash and aeolian transport of sediment. Modification of the tidal inlet and adjacent marsh during the 1960s, including jetty construction, dredging, and filling of portions of the marsh surface, affected the marsh only locally. One tidal stream has been migrating rapidly apparently in response to compaction of peat by dredge spoils and consequent local disruption of the marsh hydrology. Except for this migration, erosion of the marsh edge occurred immediately after the inlet modifications; planimetric changes in the marsh and its streams have been minor since then.     

新疆塔西河流域水利开发现状及投资效益分析

本文在对塔西河流域水利建设、水土开发的调查分析基础上，从不同时期流域水利投资项目、投资结构及农业生产发展等方面对流域水利投资效益进行了分析研究，同时还对流域近期的重点投资建设项目的效益作了分析比较和评估。