试论盐系中泥砾岩成因

盐系中伴生泥砾岩的形成主要与成盐期中、期后强烈的构造活动和风化作用有关。伴随着火山活动和热流体渗入的地震活动引起厚盐层及其间碎屑岩层发生扰动、断裂、破碎塑流等形变，导致塑性岩盐胶结的泥砾岩层的形成。兰坪 思茅盆地盐系中普遍发育有泥砾岩，可具一定代表性。我国一些具有泥砾岩成因的盐盆地，按泥砾与胶结物盐类矿物的形成时间可分为３类：（１）同沉积泥砾岩（地震成因为主，还包括少量风浪冲刷的湖岸沉积物）；（２）后期盐体塑流泥砾岩；（３）含盐地层风化泥砾岩淋滤。     

大兴安岭北部绣峰组下部砾岩的形成时代及其大地构造意义

对漠河盆地南缘绣峰组下部砾岩的野外观察，发现其碎屑物除了主要来源于被前人置于新元古代的花岗岩外，还含有火山岩砾石；与上部砂岩之间被断层分隔而不是连续沉积。作为该砾岩主要源岩的花岗岩中的锆石蒸发法年龄为354-164Ma，锆石SHRIMP定年揭示其最后一次岩浆活动可能发生在早侏罗世(180-190Ma)；全岩-长石-黑云母内部Rb-Sr等时线年龄为177～191Ma，黑云母Ar-Ar年龄为171～175Ma，表明该岩基在中侏罗世还深埋地下没有出露地表。其中的火山岩砾石的岩石学和岩石化学特征与区域上晚侏罗世塔木兰沟组火山岩类似。结合区域地质资料，推测该砾岩的形成时代不是中侏罗世，而可能是早白垩世；漠河盆地是与蒙古-鄂霍茨克造山带有关的前陆盆地，而不是侏罗纪陆内断陷盆地。     

A new interpretation of the sedimentary environment before and during eruption of the Emeishan LIP,Southwest China

The environment where the Permian Emeishan large igneous province (LIP) of Southwest China erupted remains controversial, especially regarding whether it was terrestrial, involving a 1 km scale domal uplift, or submarine. Slightly younger Daqiao conglomerate and Binchuan pillow lavas suggest that the Emeishan LIP erupted in a submarine environment. We show that at Binchuan, sandstone and rhyolite lie beneath the pillow lavas. In the Daqiao cross-section, there is an eastwards-verging syncline that reverses the succession of basalt and conglomerate. The conglomerate is not a basal conglomerate, and it does not contain any magmatic hydrovolcanic deposits. The basalt underlying the conglomerate is not the first of the LIP eruptions; that first eruption is found ~420 m below, on top of the Permian Maokou limestone. All together, these observations show that the deposits, including the conglomerate and pillow lava, do not represent the environment at the very start of the LIP volcanic eruptions, but represent conditions that existed before and possibly during the Emeishan LIP eruptions. Based on field investigations, the petrology of the rocks, and structural features, we conclude that submarine sedimentation and subaerial basalt eruptions coexisted in time and space in the region during or prior to the Emeishan LIP basalt eruptions.     

安徽铜陵地区早、晚石炭世地层之间砾岩的发现

通过一系列地层剖面的测制,在铜陵、南陵、泾县地区早、晚石炭世地层之间发现了沉积石英质砾岩和岩屑砾岩,肯定了本区在早、晚石炭世之间曾经历一次海平面下降和风化剥蚀作用,致使早石炭世地层在许多地方残缺不全,由于石英质砾岩与岩屑砾岩在岩性、沉积特征、成因等方面有明显的不同,分别称为浙溪组下段和浙溪组上段。早期的石英质砾岩由于受到后期的冲积扇沉积环境的影响,在一些剖面上表现为缺失。岩屑砾岩的沉积厚度、砾石大小等在纵、横向上变化较大,明显受古地理、古气候、古构造的控制。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部下白垩统宜君组砾岩砾组分析及其意义

运用砾组分析方法,结合邻区基岩地层,对鄂尔多斯盆地西南部下白垩统宜君组砾岩的砾性、砾度、砾态及砾向进行了研究,阐述了研究区不同区域砾岩的成分来源、成因、形成的水动力条件及古水流方向.表明宜君组砾岩为早白垩世初期干旱环境下山麓洪积扇-河流相沉积产物,具多物源和快速沉积的特点,砾石分选普遍较差,磨圆呈次棱角-次圆状,风化程...     

烟台市牟平区宋家沟金矿床成因及找矿方向

宋家沟金矿产于早白垩世莱阳群砾岩中 ,为受断裂、裂隙密集带控制的蚀变砾岩型金矿床。该金矿床为一隐伏矿床 ,与产于盆缘的蓬家夼蚀变岩型金矿的成矿条件相似 ,控矿的主导因素为断裂构造 ,成矿时代为中生代燕山晚期。     

Clasts of Variscan high-grade rocks within Upper Viséan conglomerates – constraints on exhumation history from petrology and U-Pb chronology

In this paper, U‐Pb zircon, monazite and rutile data for crystalline rocks deposited as clasts in the Upper Viséan conglomerates at the eastern margin of the Bohemian Massif are reported. U‐Pb data of spherical zircon from three different granulite clasts yielded a mean age of 339.0 ± 0.7 Ma (±2σ), while oval and spherical grains of another granulite pebble define a slightly younger date of 337.1 ± 1.1 Ma. These ages are interpreted as dating granulite facies metamorphism. Thermochronology and the derived pressure–temperature (P–T) path of the granulite pebbles reflect two‐stage exhumation of the granulites. Near‐to‐isothermal decompression from at least 44 km to mid‐crustal depths of around 22 km was followed by a near‐isobaric cooling stage based on reaction textures and geothermobarometry. Minimum average exhumation rate corresponds to 2.8–4.3 mm year^?1. The extensive medium‐pressure/high‐temperature overprint on granulite assemblages is dated by U‐Pb in monazite at c. 333 Ma. This thermal event probably has a close link to generation and emplacement of voluminous Moldanubian granites, including the cordierite granite present in clasts. This granite was emplaced at mid‐crustal levels at 331 ± 3 Ma (U‐Pb monazite), whereas the U‐Pb zircon ages record only a previous magmatic event at c. 378 Ma. Eclogites and garnet peridotites normally associated with high‐pressure granulites are absent in the clasts but exotic subvolcanic and volcanic members of the ultrapotassic igneous rock series (durbachites) of the Bohemian Massif have been found in the clasts. It is therefore assumed that the clasts deposited in the Upper Viséan conglomerates sampled a structurally higher tectonic unit than the one that corresponds to the present denudation level of the Moldanubicum of the Bohemian Massif. The strong medium‐temperature overprint on granulites dated at c. 333 Ma is attributed to the relatively small size of the entirely eroded bodies compared with the presently exposed granulites.     

论清源北部太古代地质几个基本问题

以岩石学与构造研究相结合为基础，宏观与微观观察为主，地球化学为辅的综合研究方法论证了本区太古代地质体由三套变质建造组成。其中花岗质岩石占７１％，原地深熔紫苏花岗岩为１１．８％，浅色麻粒岩是１．２％，浅粒岩、含砾麻粒岩质浅粒岩（底砾岩）３６．７％和原地深熔花岗岩２０％。高角闪岩相以浅位岩为主原地深熔花岗岩的原岩建造为类磨拉石建造系列，低角闪岩似绿岩建造的原岩建造为镁铁质泥灰岩粉砂岩型复理石建造。其地质体是由６１．２％的层状变质岩系和３１．８％的原地深熔花岗岩组成。根据各建造的地层缺生，底砾岩及低、高角闪岩相矿物共生组合区域性叠加和变辉绿岩群的分布规律，确定三套变质建造为不整合接触，据此提出新的划分方案并与华北地台北部太古界分布区作了对比，事实证明岩石地层学的方法，在太古代地质与成矿研究中仍是有效的。     

准噶尔盆地砾岩油藏水淹层的测井评价方法研究

基于对准噶尔盆地某砾岩油藏的淡水水淹机理的实验认识,考察了砾岩油藏水淹层的测井响应特征,形成了一套定性识别水淹层和划分水淹级别的方法.在该基础上,按照"岩心刻度测井"的原则,统计建立了一套适用于该砾岩油藏淡水水淹层的测井评价方法.该方法在7个区块17口井的测井解释结果表明,水淹级别按6级划分的解释符合率达85%左右.     

青藏高原羌塘南部冰海杂砾岩的成因与物源——以冈玛错地区为例

青藏高原及其邻区石炭纪—二叠纪地层中广泛分布的漂砾层、杂砾岩、含砾板岩等是一套特殊的冰海相沉积岩,称为冰海杂砾岩,前人已对它的成因环境做了初步的研究,但没有获得统一的结论。本次以青藏高原羌塘南部冈玛错地区冰海杂砾岩的砾石为研究对象,观察它们的野外特征和镜下特点,并对与冰海杂砾岩互层产出的石英砂岩做了粒度分析。结果表明,冰海杂砾岩是在冈瓦纳大陆冰川呈消融状的情况下,冰阀搬运沉积的产物。通过碎屑锆石和岩性对比,初步认为冰海杂砾岩的物源为冈瓦纳大陆,并简单论述了冰海杂砾岩各类砾石的可能来源。以上研究成果为探讨冈瓦纳大陆的沉积环境提供了依据。