Collection and analysis of atmospheric ozone samples

Anomalies found in the isotope ratios of ozone are traceable to the ozone formation process. Metastable electronic states may be responsible for the preferred production of the heavy molecules. While laboratory isotope data and first tropospheric results agree well in the magnitude of isotope enrichments, stratospheric measurements show often higher values. Only through the collection of ozone samples can sufficiently large amounts of gas be obtained to analyze the three isotopes ⁴⁸O₃, ⁴⁹O₃, and ⁵⁰O₃. Collector systems have been developed and successfully operated in the troposphere and in the stratosphere. They will play in the future an important role in atmospheric oxygen isotope studies.     

A data collection and analysis system for research on rock fracturing

We have made a data collection and analysis system for recording microcracks in rock to study the three dimensional pattern of fracture and the dynamic properties of rock during pressurization. This system, with 8 channel data detection, records in real-time, from the initial microcracks to the final vibration waveform excited by the master fracture. The detected data are recorded digitally at the hard disk of an IBM computer (or 286, 386 personal computer) as well as transmitted to disk. The sampling rate for each channel is 10 MHz. Collecting every acoustic emission events in the loaded rock sample with 8 channels by this system, mathematically modelling the AE event travel time, and taking the coordinates of the AE event hypocenter and the three components of P wave velocity as unknown parameters, we set up a set of residual equations for joint inversion, so that the three dimensional localization of AE event hypocenters can be completed under variable velocities, which will lay foundations for the research on rock fracture clearly. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismological Sinica,13, 489–495, 1991. The design and development of the system, and the experiments are sponsored by the Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation.     

地气动态提取技术的研制及在寻找隐伏矿上的初步试验

地气探测技术是８０年代中期发展起来的寻找隐伏矿的化探新方法。这种方法有可能为当前和今后解决寻找厚层运积物覆盖区的隐伏矿所面临的难题提供一种强有力的手段。但由于其效率低、成本高、操作不方便限制了它的使用。为此，我们开发研制了一种快速动态提取地气技术。通过在某一隐伏矿上的试验，取得了令人满意的效果，并从理论上探讨了地气的迁移机制。为今后开展利用这一技术寻找厚层运积物覆盖区隐伏矿的工作创造了良好的开端。     

A methodology to estimate renewal time scales in estuaries: the Tagus Estuary case

High-resolution hydrodynamic models are a common tool to simulate water dynamics in estuaries. Results from these models are, however, difficult to interpret without the aid of additional parameters to integrate the information. In this paper a methodology to understand the transport patterns in the Tagus Estuary is proposed. It is based on the computation of two renewal time scales: residence time and integrated water fraction. This last parameter is used to build a dependency matrix that gives the integrated influence of each region of the estuary at a selected point. The parameters are computed using a Lagrangian transport model coupled to the hydrodynamic model. Results show that Tagus Estuary has two different types of regions: the central part of the estuary, with low renewal efficiency, and three regions with higher renewal efficiency. Renewal mechanisms are, however, different for each region as shown by the dependency matrix. Comparison of renewal time scales with results from a water-quality model revealed that residence time is not a limiting parameter for primary production in the Tagus Estuary.Responsible Editor: Hans Burchard     

赣西北修水、武宁地区中新生代“红盆”地质时代和沉积相研究

通过新发现的古生物资料分析,确定了赣西北修水、武宁地区的武宁、三都及马坳盆地的地层时代。对3个盆地的沉积相进行了详细的划分和描述,查明其为冲积扇沉积类型;划分出22个岩相,归属于泥石流、泥流、颗粒流、水道(包括主水道和分枝水道2个次级类型)、片流、筛积和洪泛7个沉积类型。重力流沉积分布在扇根或主要沉积旋回的底部,其类型的差别与邻近物源区的岩性有关;分枝水道、片流及筛积主要分布在扇中,交错层理及砾石叠瓦状构造发育,主要呈现牵引流特征;扇缘主要为洪泛沉积夹少量决口扇成因的砂砾岩透镜体,钙结壳发育,反映了一种干旱强蒸发的古气候环境。     

Geological analysis and FT dating of the large-scale right-lateral strike-slip movement of the Red River fault zone

Tectonically, the large-scale right-lateral strike-slip movement along the Red River fault zone is char-acterized at its late phase with the southeastward extension and deformation of the Northwestern Yunnan normal fault depression on its northern segment, and the dextral shear displacement on its central-southern segment. Research of the relations between stratum deformation and fault movement on the typical fault segments, such as Jianchuan, southeast Midu, Yuanjiang River, Yuanyang, etc. since the Miocene Epoch shows that there are two times dextral faulting dominated by normal shearing occurring along the Red River fault zone since the Miocene Epoch. The fission track dating (abbrevi-ated to FT dating, the same below) is conducted on apatite samples collected from the above fault segments and relating to these movements. Based on the measured single grain’s age and the con-fined track length, we choose the Laslet annealing model to retrieve the thermal history of the samples, and the results show that the fault zone experienced two times obvious shear displacement, one in 5.5 ± 1.5 MaBP and the other in 2.1± 0.8 MaBP. The central-southern segment sees two intensive uplifts of mountain mass in the Yuanjiang River-Yuanyang region at 3.6―3.8 MaBP and 1.6―2.3 MaBP, which correspond to the above-mentioned two dextral normal displacement events since the late Miocene Epoch.     

加拿大McArthur River铀矿床成矿特点及在我国寻找相同类型铀矿床的几点认识

加拿大萨斯喀彻温省西北部阿萨巴斯卡盆地McArthur River铀矿床是世界上最大、最富的不整合面型铀矿床。笔者通过对该矿床的剖析，从宏观上对这类铀矿床的一些形成规律进行了初步探讨，并对在我国寻找不整合面型或相似类型的铀矿床提出了一些认识。     

1∶10000数字线划图(DLG)的生产方法浅析

针对1∶10000数字线划图的生产与更新过程中出现的劳动强度大、制图数据和空间数据两张皮作业、数据的反复修改等问题,通过对生产技术方案的改进和生产流程的改造,提出了一体化生产与更新的技术方案并付诸生产实践,解决了生产作业中存在的以上问题并取得了良好的效果。对新方案的工艺流程和实现方法作了阐述。     

广东省逐年初台登陆时间的变化特点

通过对广东省初始登陆时间资料的分析,发现其具周期变化的特点。根据循环阶段（周期）的划分,比较满意地解释了近３年广东省初始登陆时间明显偏迟的原因。     

Liner design for waste disposal sites

 Since the beginning of the 1980s waste disposal has become a particularly sensitive issue. This has led to the development of new legislations in the European Community and internationally which resulted in an array of regulations concerning landfill liner design. This paper comments on different "engineered" containment methods with particular reference to landfill liner design. Suggestions based on the review of the different methodologies are given and a case study is presented. Received: 25 February 1997 · Accepted: 16 December 1997