Wine trails as organizational pathway toward landscape coherence: the case of the Finger Lakes region,New York,USA

This paper explores the role of so-called wine trails as planners and managers of viticultural landscapes, using the case of the Finger Lakes region in New York, USA. Using key informant interviews, it assesses the current capacity and the future potential of these non-governmental, fee-based ‘clubs’ to mediate between global markets and the local agricultural landscape in the absence of policy frameworks designed for this purpose. Though it finds little evidence of such mediation today, the paper argues that the structure and institutional position of wine trails, organizations whose members’ livelihoods depend substantially on long-term landscape coherence, position them to play a more assertive role in doing so in the future, particularly in places marked by lax planning regimes and scarce resources.     

基于复制式模型的灾情协同研判系统

综合减灾中,协同研判是一种十分有效的灾情汇聚分析手段。现有灾情协同研判系统存在灾情研判水平层次低、研判活动缺乏系统化管理、数据同步共享方式造成网络传输压力大等问题。数据集中的复制式模型是一种高效的协同系统模型,有效提高系统可靠性和降低网络传输量并兼顾空间数据一致性和数据存储效率。本文详细介绍了灾情研判技术流程和关键技术,充分利用复制式模型特点设计并实现了一个基于复制式模型的灾情协同研判系统。实验表明,该系统稳定可靠,能有效满足分布式、异步或同步灾情协同研判的要求。     

京津冀协同创新水平评价及提升对策研究

协同创新是京津冀协同发展的核心议题之一,本文从缩小京津冀三地间创新水平差距和推动跨地区、跨主体的创新协作两个视角构建了协同创新指数,对京津冀协同创新水平进行测度评价。测度结果为：2010-2014年期间,京津冀整体的创新能力有了明显提升,但不同地区间、不同主体间的协同创新水平仍然较低。从综合创新水平来看,北京在创新的投入、产出和环境方面都遥遥领先,天津在创新投入和产业创新产出方面进步很快,河北在产业创新产出方面也有较快增长,但创新环境进步缓慢。从主体间协同创新水平来看,企业的主体地位较低,高校和研究机构的知识创新产出丰富但产业化程度较低。从区域间的协同创新水平来看,北京技术转移在全国范围内呈现“跳跃式”扩散特征,但对津冀主要产业的创新带动贡献不大。最后,提出了促进创新要素特别是人才要素的流动、构建官产学研多元主体协同创新模式、加强创新链与产业链对接等政策建议。     

基于GRACE数据的陆地水储量空间插值方法研究——以科尔沁沙地为例

在地统计学函数模型和地理信息系统技术的支持下,本文利用多种插值方法对GRACE重力卫星解算出的水储量数据进行空间插值方法精度研究,并探讨了科尔沁沙地的水储量空间分布特征。结果表明:1)总体上看,地统计学插值方法优于确定性插值法的反距离权重插值、径向基插值、全局多项式插值和局部多项式插值;2)在地统计学方法中,仅引入高程数据插值,精度并没有提高,综合考虑高程和降水量的协同克里格插值方法的误差最小,插值精度最好。利用协同克里格插值法插值得到科尔沁沙地的水储量空间分布图,由图可知,科尔沁沙地的水储量呈现由南向北增加的空间分布特征。     

网络化天气雷达协同自适应观测技术的实现

2013年5月至2014年5月,中国科学院大气物理所和南京恩瑞特公司,在南京以及周边地区架设4部X波段天气雷达,组成网络化雷达,对雷暴和强降水天气进行快速预警和精细化探测。本文针对协同自适应观测技术,利用南京网络化天气雷达系统,建立单部雷达自适应和多部雷达协同自适应观测模式,实现观测控制软件核心算法,包括重点观测区域的选取和扫描策略的制定2部分,实现自动判断强回波天气区域的位置并且对重点区域进行扫描观测,扫描策略的选择与强回波区域相对雷达的位置和区域的面积有关。应用该模式进行气象观测表明:协同自适应观测模式比较合理,能够快捷准确的找到强天气回波区域,实现了对重点关注区域进行更高时空分辨率的观测。     

Collaborative Management of Public Rangeland in Wyoming: Lessons in Co-Management

Collaborative processes are gaining acceptance as a means to integrate different values and interests in the management of natural resources. This paper examines one form of collaboration, Coordinated Resource Management (CRM), as it is being applied to public rangeland management in Wyoming. The study included personal and telephone interviews of participants in CRM groups, document review, and personal observation to understand how the process works to achieve consensus among diverse stakeholders. Groups used five mechanisms to deal with different values and interests in their processes: (1) elimination of unnecessary or “overlay” conflict; (2) limitation of values and visions considered; (3) use of broad goals to guide actions; (4) casting value differences as disagreement over facts; (5) a search for and faith in win-win solutions. These mechanisms vary in their usefulness for achieving co-management ideals. Where interests or values have come into open conflict, as in some conflict-resolution groups, CRM has had limited success. This paper suggests that successful co-management requires more than power-sharing structures. We have yet to develop highly effective processes that can work with conflicting interests. It is also argued that struggles among various interests for greater recognition (and hence power) will continue to undergird the power-sharing collaborative and co-management processes.     

The Preparation and Characterisation of Two New Geological Survey of Japan Geochemical Reference Materials: Copper ore JCu-1 and Zinc ore JZn-1

Two new geochemical reference materials, copper ore JCu-1 and zinc ore JZn-1 have been prepared by the Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ) for the determination of major and minor elements and isotopic compositions. JCu-1 is a sample of Cu-bearing sulfide ore typical of the Kamaishi mine in Iwate Prefecture, Japan, and is composed mainly of hedenbergite, chalcopyrite, quartz and calcite. Pyrrhotite, magnetite and actinolitic amphibole were also commonly found. The Zn-rich ore, JZn-1 is a crude ore from the Kamioka Pb-Zn mine in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. The sample consists of hedenbergite, quartz, calcite, sphalerite and epidote as main crystalline phase. Homogeneity test results showed that all studied constituents including ore elements such as Cu, Pb and Zn can be considered to be homogeneously distributed. Provisional collaborative analyses were carried out in ten laboratories, and the data were evaluated using a robust statistical method using z-scores. Recommended values for a number of major elements including TiO₂, Al₂O₃, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na₂O, K₂O, Fe (total), Zn, Cu and Pb were established. In addition, information values for eighteen major, minor and trace elements are presented to support future collaborative analyses.     

基于偏好融合的群组推荐研究

传统的推荐系统主要针对单个用户,但随着社会和电子商务的快速发展,人们越来越多地以多个用户的形式一起参与活动,而群组推荐旨在为多个用户组成的群组提供服务,已成为当前研究的热点之一.针对目前群组推荐准确率低,群组成员之间偏好冲突难以融合的问题,本文提出了一种新的共识模型策略,融合了群组领袖影响因子和项目热度影响因子,基于K近邻为目标群组寻找邻居群组,借鉴邻居群组的偏好,设计了基于偏好融合的群组推荐算法.在MovieLens数据集上的实验结果表明,本文所提的融合策略较传统的偏好融合策略有着更优越的表现,推荐准确率（nDCG）的总体平均性能约提高13%,推荐列表多样性指标的总体平均性能约提高10%.     

“一带一路”经济走廊资源环境信息开发利用研究进展与展望

六大经济走廊是“一带一路”倡议的战略支柱,该区域横跨亚、欧、非大陆,涉及国家众多,地理条件千差万别,资源环境本底复杂。通过对沿线区域资源环境信息进行系统性、全面性的揭示,能够为科学推进“一带一路”倡议实施提供至关重要的决策支持作用。本文提出了面向协同创新的“一带一路”空间信息服务系统框架,综述了“一带一路”经济走廊地区在资源环境信息开发利用进展,具体包括资源环境格局与时空演变、联合国可持续发展目标监测与评价、防灾减灾知识服务关键技术应用、资源环境信息集成与共享、新冠疫情对经济社会发展影响,进而展望了其发展趋势和潜在的研究方向,为“一带一路”经济走廊的可持续发展提供决策支持。     

苏州市区多种地下地质资源协同开发利用研究

地下空间、地下水、浅层地热能和地质材料是重要的地下地质资源,协同开发利用是大势所趋。苏州既是历史文化名城又是现代国际化大都市,城市发展至今对地下地质资源的需求相当迫切。通过对苏州各类地下地质资源的的识别分析,表明其具备分别开发地下空间、地下水、浅层地热能和地质材料资源的能力。若多种资源协同开发,平面上开发利用条件较好,竖向尺度地下浅层到次深层适宜地下空间和地质材料的协同开发,而深层适宜以浅层地热能为主的协同开发。结合苏州国土空间发展格局和地下资源的优势分布特征,城镇空间建议采取“地下空间+浅层地热能”的协同利用模式;农业空间建议采取以“浅层地热能”为主的协同利用模式;生态空间予以生态环境保护。