Effective elastic thickness of island arc lithosphere under Japan

Abstract Using topography and observed gravity anomalies, we have estimated the effective elastic thickness as a measure of strength of Japanese island arc lithosphere. The thickness is found to range from about 3 km to >20 km. The thickness seems to be controlled primarily by the thermal state of the lithosphere. The higher the heat flow, the thinner is the elastic plate. However, several areas show significant deviations. The smaller effective elastic thickness in the northern Ryukyu arc than that inferred from heat flow may be attributed to the stress regime. In Japan, extensional tectonics are going on only in the Ryukyu arc region. Shallow subducting slab under the south-western Japan frontal arc probably increases the effective thickness by several kilometers. The determined effective elastic thickness suggests that when we consider vertical movements in the volcanic arc, we should take account of topographic and subsurface loading over a few hundred kilometers. However, if the dip of the slab is shallow, the flexural responses of the underlying slab, not only that of the island arc lithosphere, should be taken into account for the compensation, as is the case of the south-western Japan frontal arc.     

Torsional response of symmetric buildings to incoherent and phase‐delayed earthquake ground motion

This paper studies the effect of coherency loss and wave passage on the seismic torsional response of three‐dimensional, multi‐storey, multi‐span, symmetric, linear elastic buildings. A model calibrated against statistical analyses of ground motion records in Mexico City is used for the coherency function. The structural response is assessed in terms of shear forces in structural elements. Incoherence and wave passage effects are found to be significant only for columns in the ground level of stiff systems. The increase of column shears in the ground level is much higher for soft than for firm soil conditions. For the torsionally stiff systems considered, it is found that incoherent and phase‐delayed ground motions do not induce a significant rotational response of the structure. The use of a code eccentricity to account for torsion due to ground motion spatial variation is assessed. On firm soil, the use of a base shear along with an accidental eccentricity results in highly overestimated shear forces; however, for soft soil conditions, code formulations may result in underestimated shear forces. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

联合干涉相位和相干性幅度的极化干涉SAR最优相干性估计

极化干涉SAR(PolInSAR)估计的复相干性包含相干性幅度和干涉相位,相干性幅度高低可以衡量干涉相位的质量,干涉相位是散射目标相位中心位置的重要体现,相干性幅度和干涉相位估计精度决定植被参数反演精度。由不同极化状态构成的相干区域中,相干性幅度差最大和干涉相位差最大的估计准则都从复相干性的某一方面建立最优估计函数,不能有效利用相干性幅度和相位信息。本文以相干区域边界为基础,结合相干性幅度和干涉相位信息,利用关联度建立联合干涉相位和相干性幅度的最优相干性估计准则,并在相干区域范围内获取最优散射机制及其相干性。试验结果表明,联合干涉相位和相干性幅度的最优估计准则可以有效区分地表散射和森林冠层散射的相干性和散射中心,提高植被高反演的可靠性。     

相位萃取技术在InSAR小数据集上的应用

相位萃取技术可最小化多基线InSAR处理中干涉像对的去相关噪声,已成为雷达干涉测量研究领域中热点技术之一。本文首先设计并实现了一套专门针对小数据集的基于相位萃取技术的多基线InSAR处理流程。整个流程分为两大模块。第一个模块为称为预处理模块,通过图像配准、地形相位移除等操作生成相位萃取技术所需的零基线SAR图像堆栈。第二个模块首先基于多视像元生成相干矩阵,并且在此基础上完成相位萃取操作。然后,利用小基线集技术的思想在萃取相位上分离出各相位稳定点上的形变情况。为了保证结果可靠性,在这一模块中还加入了大气相位预估与移除的步骤。最后,该流程被应用到了5景拍摄于太原地区的PALSAR图像上。实验结果表明,相位萃取技术在小数据集情况下仍然能够有效提升数据的相干性,这有利于多基线InSAR输出结果密度的提升。     

基于GIS和空间句法的空间形态一致性测度

少有学者测度规划道路系统分析出的空间形态与规划师空间形态规划意图的一致性。为更好地落实规划师的空间形态规划意图,以安厚镇为例,提出"基于GIS和空间句法的空间形态一致性测度"方法。主要思路为:首先,基于规划的城镇道路系统用GIS空间分析技术及集成度、智能度等句法变量分析新一轮城镇空间形态,然后,测度分析出空间形态与空间形态规划意图的一致性。测度结果表明经分析出的城镇空间形态与规划师本意的一致性有待改善,主要表现为城镇发展轴整体智能度较低、可理解性不高,城镇空间拓展主轴较大程度偏离原规划拓展方向,城镇发展次轴对空间结构的引导效用高于主轴。     

ALOS-2 PALSAR-2的干涉相干性分析——以黄河上游地区为例

作为目前仅有的L波段星载SAR系统,PALSAR-2在国土资源调查和地质灾害监测方面有着广泛和独特的应用潜力。自其发射运行以来,它的数据质量成为用户们广泛关注的焦点。对于涉及雷达干涉测量的应用来说,干涉相干性是SAR数据最重要的质量评价指标之一。本文选取了覆盖黄河上游山区的PALSAR-2与PALSAR各一对影像,开展了干涉处理实验分析。本文提出采用相干分解技术,可以抑制几何去相干的影响,并从地物类型和地形坡度两个方面,分析比较它们的相干性分布差异,同时,给出了黄河上游地区的差分干涉初步结果。实验结果表明,在地形起伏较大的地区,相似观测模式获取的PALSAR-2数据的相干性通常优于PALSAR数据,干涉性能有显著的提升。同时,PALSAR-2差分干涉图在拉西瓦水电站果卜岸坡坡体上探测到了清晰的形变条纹,在滑坡体形变监测方面展现出巨大的应用潜力。     

Nonlinear Rayleigh-Taylor instability in partially ionized plasma and the equatorial spread-F

The nonlinear evolution of the collisional gravitation induced RayleighTaylor (R-T) instability in the equatorialF region is investigated taking into account the finite larmor radius (FLR) effects and the complete ion inertial term in ion equation of motion. A special class of coherent weakly nonlinear modes as solutions to the wave equation describing R-T instability driven modes is obtained. The leading nonlinear effects in the wave equation are found to appear throughV _l, the ion diamagnetic drift which essentially gives the FLR corrections. It is shown that the R-T modes in the equatorialF region can evolve into coherent, nonlinear, almost sinusoidal, stationary wave structures. These structures are found to travel with a constant phase velocity and to have slightly distorted sinusoidal shapes. These results seem to have a good agreement with many of the recent rocket and satellite observations of the equatorial spreadF irregularities.     

The research on the space time coherence of Xianshuihe fault zone in the process of seismogeny

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