系统辨识(6):多新息辨识理论与方法

基于NCEP／NCAR提供的1958-2008年逐日再分析资料,对2007／2008年冬季我国雨雪冰冻灾害期间副高指数特征与E1Nino／LaNina年平均冬半年副高指数特征以及50a平均冬半年副高指数特征进行对比分析。采用交叉小波和小波相干分析方法,进一步分析了它们之间的相关性和异同性以及对大气环流的影响,揭示了2007／2008年我国南方雨雪冰冻灾害期间副热带高压活动与环流变异特性的一些基本特征,如LaNina事件冬季（尤其是中等强度LaNina事件年份的冬季）,副高通常比一般年份副高的平均位置偏北。     

综合地震属性在埕岛断裂系统识别中的应用

埕岛油田具有新近系披覆、古近系超覆和前第三系潜山3层构造,断裂系统比较复杂。笔者利用相干分析和倾角扫描方法,进行垦东30～垦东48地区地震资料属性的特征分析及断裂系统的识别。通过研究相干分析、地震属性与断裂系统的关系以及倾角扫描、层间属性提取与断裂系统的关系,对研究区进行应用效果分析,同时应用RAVE特征可视化,对所选的地震属性和识别方法进行验证,说明哪些属性能够很好的反应断裂系统,哪些识别方法在研究区识别断裂系统的效果明显。     

The limit properties of spatial coherence of seismic ground motion

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Inter-element relations in some alkaline suites of the Eastern Ghats Precambrian belt

Element interrelations, with particular emphasis on alkaline earth metals, have been studied quantitatively for three alkaline suites of the Eastern Ghats Precambrian belt. Geochemical characterisation brings the Koraput and the Kunavaram suites closer, relative to the Elchuru suite. K-Ba and K-Rb correlations vary during the fractionation process, being strongly positive for the early members and almost noncorrelatable for the late fractions. The covariant relation between Ba and Sr is not well developed in any of the suites. Significant positive correlation between Rb and the degree of differentiation has been observed for the Koraput and the Kunavaram suites but not for the Elchuru suite. Liappears to be fractionated with the early mafic phases and is negatively correlated with Na. Zr shows a significant positive correlation with differentiation in the Elchuru but not in the Koraput suite although Ti/Zr falls remarkably with advancing differentiation for both the suites. P and Ti are mutually positively correlated in all the three suites and both tend to manifest significant negative correlation with progressive fractionation. K-(P + Ti + Sr) seems to be a good indicator of the fractionation process in the suites investigated.     

迭部5.9级地震爆破地震波动力学特性的变化

本文利用遥测传输台网可见记录和磁带记录对厂坝炮爆破进行地震波动力学特性分析,发现各次爆破记录有一致性。对失真信号进行滤波处理,经凝聚函数分析证明了爆源的一致性。对1987年1月8日迭部Ms=5.9地震的分析,表明由于介质状态的改变,记录到的地震波优势频率向高频方向移动。在近震中有关台站上,地震波位移谱出现多峰与能量分散现象,拐角频率也向高频方向移动,振幅比呈现低—高—发震的形态。在地震前二十几天,主频处地震波衰减小,而震后明显变大。上述特征可能与该地震孕育过程中应力水平和介质状态变化有关。     

What drives high flow events in the Swiss Alps? Recent developments in wavelet spectral analysis and their application to hydrology

Extreme hydrological events are often triggered by exceptional co-variations of the relevant hydrometeorological processes and in particular by exceptional co-oscillations at various temporal scales. Wavelet and cross wavelet spectral analysis offers promising time-scale resolved analysis methods to detect and analyze such exceptional co-oscillations. This paper presents the state-of-the-art methods of wavelet spectral analysis, discusses related subtleties, potential pitfalls and recently developed solutions to overcome them and shows how wavelet spectral analysis, if combined to a rigorous significance test, can lead to reliable new insights into hydrometeorological processes for real-world applications. The presented methods are applied to detect potentially flood triggering situations in a high Alpine catchment for which a recent re-estimation of design floods encountered significant problems simulating the observed high flows. For this case study, wavelet spectral analysis of precipitation, temperature and discharge offers a powerful tool to help detecting potentially flood producing meteorological situations and to distinguish between different types of floods with respect to the prevailing critical hydrometeorological conditions. This opens very new perspectives for the analysis of model performances focusing on the occurrence and non-occurrence of different types of high flow events. Based on the obtained results, the paper summarizes important recommendations for future applications of wavelet spectral analysis in hydrology.     

InSAR复影像配准方法与实践

利用合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术获取地表三维信息的研究，受到世界各国的广泛关注。高精度复影像配准是InSAR数据处理的关键步骤，其结果直接影响生成干涉相位的质量，进而影响获取数字高程模型的精度。本文采用相干系数法进行粗配准，采用基于相干系数拟合的方法进行精配准，可以实现复影像数据的高精度配准。经机载和星载数据的试验验证，该方法有效可行且运算效率高，具有实用性。