海洋纤毛虫一新属,伪小双虫属及新组合──拉氏伪小双虫

于１９９１年４月在青岛－贝类养殖池中采集到一大型腹毛目纤毛虫。研究表明，该纤毛虫代表一新属（伪小双虫属）并由此建立起一新组合－拉氏伪小双虫。该属特征为：左右各有一列纵行的腹棘毛，其右侧一列前端与口围带相接；有额、口棘毛分化；横棘毛高度发达并上行至虫体胞口后方。     

鲍人工养成阶段养殖环境中的周丛纤毛虫

应用定性和定量方法,研究了人工养成阶段杂色鲍Haliotis diversicolor外壳的周丛纤毛虫的种类组成和优势类群演变。共观察到3纲9目35属58种纤毛虫,缘毛类Peritrichida的种类最多,有23种。在养成阶段的早期,周丛纤毛虫的优势类群为钟虫类;在养成阶段的中、后期,周丛纤毛虫的优势类群演变为聚缩虫类,其中交替聚缩虫Zoothamnium alternans占绝对优势;文中还对各种环境因子对养殖环境中的周丛纤毛虫的影响进行了分析。     

南麂列岛火焜岙潮间带底栖纤毛虫物种多样性和群落时空分布

纤毛虫是潮间带沉积物中多样性高且丰度占优势的类群,其群落结构可反映环境状态。于2013年11月(秋季)、2014年2月(冬季)、5月(春季)和8月(夏季)开展了南麂列岛火焜岙砂质潮间带沉积物中纤毛虫物种多样性和群落结构的时空分布研究。结果表明,该生境中底栖纤毛虫物种丰富,共检获148种纤毛虫,涉及19目70余属;纤毛虫的丰度和物种组成呈现显著的季节差异和垂直分层差异。其中,丰度占优势的纤毛虫按食性依次为菌食类群、肉食类群和藻食类群;已非典型的砂隙纤毛虫区系,而是呈现出某些有机质丰富的泥沙质沉积物中的纤毛虫群落的特点,这可能是该生境受人类活动影响的后续效应。但纤毛虫物种多样性较高,这表明尽管存在人类干扰的长期效应,潮间带周边环境良好,对周边居民及设施的动迁等多样性保护措施可能已经产生了向好的结果。     

Tolerance of ciliated protozoan Paramecium bursaria （Protozoa,Ciliophora） to ammonia and nitrites

The tolerance to ammonia and nitrites in freshwater ciliate Paramecium bursaria was measured in a conventional open system. The ciliate was exposed to different concentrations of ammonia and nitrites for 2h and 12h in order to determine the lethal concentrations. Linear regression analysis revealed that the 2h-LC50 value for ammonia was 95.94 mg/L and for nitrite 27.35 mg/L using probit scale method (with 95% confidence intervals). There was a linear correlation between the mortality probit scale and logarithmic concentration of ammonia which fit by a regression equation y=7.32x-9.51 (R^2=0.98; y, mortality probit scale; x, logarithmic concentration of ammonia), by which 2 h-LC50 value for ammonia was found to be 95.50 mg/L. A linear correlation between mortality probit scales and logarithmic concentration of nitrite is also followed the regression equation y=2.86x 0.89 (R^2=0.95; y, mortality probit scale; x, logarithmic concentration of nitrite). The regression analysis of toxicity curves showed that the linear correlation between exposed time of ammonia-N LC50 valueand ammonia-N LC50 value followed the regression equation y=2 862.85e-0.08x (R^2=0.95; y, duration of exposure to LC50 value; x, LC50 value), and that between exposed time of nitrite-N LC50 value and nitrite-N LC50 value followed the regression equation y = 127.15e-0.13x (R^2=0.91; y, exposed time of LC50 value; x, LC50 value). The results demonstrate that the tolerance to ammonia in P. bursaria is considerably higher than that of the larvae or juveniles of some metozoa, e.g. cultured prawns and oysters. In addition, ciliates, as bacterial predators, are likely to play a positive role in maintaining and improving water quality in aquatic environments with high-level ammonium, such as sewage treatment systems.     

Population dynamics of marine ciliate Euplotes vannus (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in different artificial seawaters

To study population dynamics of marine ciliates in different artificial seawaters (ASW), the population growth dynamics of a common marine ciliate Euplotes vannus were investigated using beef extract media and rice media for five types of ASW and natural seawater (NSW). The results show that: (1) the population growth rate was in the order of NSW>Flack ASW>Nakamula ASW>Schmadz ASW>Oshima ASW>Subow ASW and was considerably higher in rice media than in beef extract media (apart from Subow ASW); (2) the maximum density of E. vannus in stationary phase in each treatment was ranked as Flack ASW>Nakamula ASW>Schmadz ASW>NSW>Oshima ASW>Subow ASW, and was again higher in rice media than in beef extract media (except for Subow ASW); (3) the exponential and stationary phases were longer in rice media than in beef extract media; (4) strains of E. vannus that had been domesticated for >1 year in ASW grew significantly slower, with lower maximum density and longer stationary phase than those isolated and maintained in NSW. It was demonstrated that: (1) E. vannus may grow well in Flack, Nakamula and Schmads ASW compared with NSW (mainly in terms of growth rate); and (2) Oshima ASW is the preferred choice for stock cultures of E. vannus, but the ASWs Flack, Nakamula and Schmadz are preferred for mass culture. These findings suggest that these three ASWs are effective for the cultivation of marine protozoa for experimental studies on ecology, toxicology and molecular biology.     

2009年夏季北部湾浮游纤毛虫的丰度和生物量

报道了2009年夏季北部湾A、B两个断面浮游纤毛虫的丰度和生物量。纤毛虫的平均丰度为521±369个·L-1,平均生物量(以碳为单位)为0.63±0.54μg·L-1。表层纤毛虫丰度和生物量的水平分布格局基本一致,高值主要位于湾的北部近岸、西南部近岸及湾中部A5站。两个断面纤毛虫丰度和生物量的垂直分布特点不同,纤毛虫在A断面水体中的垂直分布较均匀,在B断面主要分布在15m层以浅。共鉴定出砂壳纤毛虫13属20种,其中较为优势的种类为原始筒壳虫Tintinnidium primitivum、薄壳真铃虫Eutintinnus tenuis、三亚条纹虫Rhabdonella sanyahensis、未定种砂壳纤毛虫和斯氏拟铃虫Tintinnopsis schotti,且表现出不同的水平分布和垂直分布规律。     

鲍养成阶段养殖环境中的浮游纤毛虫

在使用表层海水作养殖水的杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolor)养成池,整个养成阶段共检测到浮游纤毛虫33种,其中寡毛目(Oligotrichida)的种类最多,为14种。在一个使用沙井水作养殖水的杂色鲍养成池周年研究中,共观察到浮游纤毛虫24种。2类养成池的纤毛虫优势种都是尾丝虫(Uronema sp．)、钟虫(Vorticella sp．)和具沟急游虫(Strombidium sulcatum)。虽然后者养殖用水为沙井水,但养殖密度较大,水体交换量稍低,养殖水体中有机质含量高,嗜污性纤毛虫得以大量繁殖,其密度较前者高一倍。在养殖用水取水海区——红海湾近岸表层海水中,共检测到浮游纤毛虫27种,其中砂壳亚目(Tintinnina)纤毛虫16种。受水环境中二氧化碳浓度变化影响,养成池与取水海区砂壳虫的种类组成和密度有较大区别。     

海洋贝类的病害性纤毛虫研究Ⅲ.触毛亚目盾纤类纤毛虫

报道山东沿海贝类鳃表及外套腔中共栖的 3种触毛亚目盾纤类纤毛虫 :厚鱼钩虫(Ancistrum crassum)、日本鱼钩虫 (Ancistrum jap onicum)及亚桶形后口虫 (Boveriasubcylindrica)。文中依据活体观察、蛋白银及银浸法染色对其活体形态学、纤毛图式及银线结构进行了综合描述 ,对采自 4种不同宿主的厚鱼钩虫种群进行了比较研究。该文系后口虫属纤毛虫在我国的首次报道。     

北部湾沿岸三种常见赤潮藻类对浮游微食物网主要类群的影响

本研究向自然海水中接种中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、红色哈卡藻(Akashiwo sanguinea)和球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)游离单细胞进行培养,比较不同赤潮藻类对海洋浮游微食物网主要类群的影响。结果发现,红色哈卡藻和中肋骨条藻均经历了从增殖到衰亡的过程,中肋骨条藻在磷酸盐耗尽后消亡,磷酸盐随之被重新释放到水体中;而无论增殖还是衰亡,红色哈卡藻添加组磷酸盐含量均持续降低。球形棕囊藻游离单细胞在迅速增殖将磷酸盐耗尽后并未衰亡,其密度维持相对稳定。红色哈卡藻添加组和中肋骨条藻添加组的细菌密度显著低于中肋骨条藻添加组(P<0.05)。三种藻类相比,红色哈卡藻添加组中纤毛虫、异养微型鞭毛虫(heterotrophic nanoflagellate, HNF)和含色素体微型鞭毛虫(pigmented nanoflagellate, PNF)的丰度最高(P<0.05),但该组微型鞭毛虫的营养结构(HNF/PNF)与中肋骨条藻添加组无显著差异(P>0.05)。球形棕囊藻添加组含色素体微型鞭毛虫的丰度显著降低(P<0.05...     

An approach to analyzing spatial patterns of planktonic ciliate communities for monitoring water quality in Jiaozhou Bay, northern China

Spatial patterns of planktonic ciliate communities for assessment of marine environmental status were studied from June 2007 to May 2008 in Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, northern China. Ciliate communities were sampled biweekly at five sampling sites with a spatial gradient of environmental stress. Multivariate/univariate analyses demonstrated that: (1) the planktonic ciliate community structures represented significant differences among the five sites; (2) spatial patterns of the ciliate communities were significantly correlated with environmental variables, especially the nutrients nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N) and soluble reactive phosphates (SRP); (3) five dominant species (e.g., Rimostrombidium veniliae, Strombidium capitatum, Mesodinium pupula and Strombidinopsis acutum) were significantly correlated with nitrogen and/or SRP; and (4) both species richness and species diversity indices were correlated with NO₃-N and salinity. These results suggest that planktonic ciliated protozoa might be used as a robust bioindicator of marine water quality.