中性浸出-硫氰酸汞-硫酸高铁铵分光光度法测定锌精矿中的氯量

利用水中性浸出,硫氰酸汞-硫酸高铁铵分光光度法测定锌精矿中氯的含量。方法简便快速,结果准确可靠,标准加入回收率为95.62%～106.25%,方法精密度(RSD,n=7)为1.99%～7.37%。测定范围w(Cl)为0.02%～4.0%。     

硫酸钠盐渍土土-水特征曲线的试验与理论研究

土-水特征曲线（SWCC）在非饱和土力学中扮有重要的角色,是非饱和土力学研究的核心问题。以西北地区黄土中含有的典型硫酸钠盐为变化因素,采用滤纸法测得了兰州黄土及不同含盐量黄土状硫酸钠盐渍土的基质吸力并绘制土-水特征曲线,通过试验测试和理论分析来解释硫酸钠盐分对黄土状硫酸钠盐渍土基质吸力的影响规律,以期为工程实践提供一定的理论依据。结果表明：相同含水率下硫酸钠盐渍土的含盐量越高,基质吸力越大。以非饱和土力学理论和表面物理化学理论为基础,考虑了土中的盐分对基质吸力的毛细部分及吸附部分的影响,得到了土中含盐量与基质吸力关系的半经验公式。利用该公式计算得到不同含盐量硫酸钠盐渍土的土-水特征曲线,计算曲线与试验曲线吻合程度较高,表明该公式可以很好地描述盐渍土中不同含盐量与基质吸力的关系。     

Simulated Impacts of Sulfate and Nitrate Aerosol Formation on Surface-Layer Ozone Concentrations in China

The authors quantify the impacts of sulfate and nitrate aerosol formation on surface-layer 03 concentrations over China using the one-way nested-grid capa- bility of the global three-dimensional Goddard Earth Ob- serving System chemical transport model （GEOS-Chem）. Chemical reactions associated with sulfate formation are simulated to generally increase 03 concentrations in China. Over the North China Plain （NCP） and the Si- chuan Basin （SCB）, where simulated sulfate concentra- tions are the largest, ozone concentrations show maximum increases in spring by 1.8 ppbv （3.2%） in the NCP and by 2.6 ppbv （3.7%） in the SCB. On the contrary, nitrate formation is simulated to reduce 03 concentrations by up to 1.0 ppbv in eastern China, with the largest reduc- tions of 1.0 ppbv （1.4%） in summer over the NCE Ac- counting for the formation of both sulfate and nitrate, the surface-layer O3 concentrations over a large fraction of eastern China are simulated to increase in winter, spring, and autumn, dominated by the impact of sulfate forma- tion, but to decrease in summer because of the dominant contribution from nitrate formation.     

乳酸-赖氨酸/壳聚糖自组膜的制备

由乳酸-赖氨酸(PLA-LYS,mLA/mLYS=22/1)星型共聚物与壳聚糖(CS)通过分子间作用自组装成自组膜。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对膜的表面结构进行了表征,同时测定了自组膜的溶胀度。发现2种分子间存在强的氢键作用并有较好的相容性,PLA-LYS与CS比例为1:1得到的自组膜,具有稳定性高和溶胀度低的特点。     

云下雨滴蒸发产生硫酸盐气溶胶速率的研究

云下雨滴蒸发是雨滴下降过程中重要的物理过程，特别是当云下相对湿度较低时更为明显。本文建立了考虑雨滴蒸发的云下雨水酸化的物理化学模式，用以研究云下雨滴蒸发作用对各种大小雨滴及雨水酸化的影响，并估算了由于小雨滴的完全蒸发进入到大气中的硫酸盐气溶胶的生成速率。计算结果表明:这种小雨滴的完全蒸发使雨滴内化学反应生成的硫酸盐结晶进入大气，在降水初期云下相对湿度较小时，形成硫酸盐气溶胶的速率可达1% h-1，与气粒转化速率相当。     

Biological and environmental changes in Lake Baikal during the late Quaternary inferred from carbon, nitrogen and sulfur isotopes

An 8-m continuous sediment core, approximately 250-ky-old at the bottom, from Academician Ridge in Lake Baikal, has been analyzed for the stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur, in order to study the paleoclimatic and paleobiological changes that occurred in the Eurasian continental interior. These isotopic changes are closely related to changes in vertical lake-water circulation between glacial and interglacial periods. Sedimentary organic carbon in cool periods is more enriched in ¹³C (−23.8‰ on average) than that in warm periods (−27.0‰ on average). The ¹³C-enrichment of organic carbon suggests a decrease of land-derived organic matter influx to the lake, less precipitation, and loss of terrestrial vegetation around Lake Baikal in cool periods. Pyrite in high total sulfur/total organic carbon (TS/TOC) layers shows strong depletion in ³⁴S (−20.8‰ to −32.4‰) during climate transitions from glacial to interglacial periods at the beginning of oxygen isotope stages (OIS) 1, 5 and 7. The ³⁴S-depleted pyrite indicates augmentation of dissimilatory sulfate reduction by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) at the sediment-water interface. Enhancement of aqueous sulfate concentrations and limitation of oxygen circulation to the surface sediments might also occur in the climate transition periods. The δ¹⁵N values of total nitrogen increase abruptly by ∼2‰ just after the δ³⁴S negative peaks, which may result from low nutrient concentrations in the euphotic zone associated with water circulation changes in Lake Baikal.     

活化粉煤灰抑制高矿化度水泥土膨胀的研究

水泥土可用做软土地基处理。在高矿化度水环境中,SO42-与水泥水化产生的AlO3-、Ca2+反应生成大量钙矾石(3CaO•Al2O3•3CaSO4•31H2O)而引起水泥土膨胀破坏,使水泥土加固体强度降低。加入水泥土中的活化粉煤灰,释放出活性二氧化硅,增加了水泥土中SiO32-的浓度,使生成反应向有利于生成硅酸钙（CSH）的方向发展,减少了Ca2+与SO42-、AlO3- 反应,并生成钙矾石的机率,从而对水泥土的膨胀起到了一定的抑制作用。抑制水泥土膨胀的机理,改变离子浓度,控制化合物的生成方向、微粒充填界面效应。粉煤灰被活化的机理是以粉状硅酸钠为主剂的材料,突破了粉煤灰网络聚合度高的表层,使其内部的活性物质得以释放。     

硫酸镁的生产方法及发展前景

介绍了硫酸镁的发现、用途及其生产工艺的沿革,叙述了国内外现有的硫酸镁的生产方法与工艺流程,提出我国硫酸镁的发展方向,并指出硫酸镁发展的广阔前景。     

Organically geochemical characteristics of the Fankou Pb-Zn deposit in North Guangdong Province, China： Implication for Pb-Zn enrichment

The Fankou Pb-Zn deposit is a very important and famous deposit in China. The time of Pb-Zn enrichment has been debated for a long time in this deposit. A total of seventeen samples of three sections were taken from the Fankou mine for the study of mineralization time and the mechanism of ore formation. The samples were analyzed by microscope, Soxhlet-extract, GC, and GC/MS methods. The results indicated that organic bulk parameters vary with the Pb-Zn contents in different samples and clearly were influenced by ore sulfide formation. Organically geochemical parameters (MPI 1, CPI) indicate that the paleotemperatures in the Fankou deposit are lower than 80°C in all three sections. Sulfides in the wall rocks might occur mainly during synsedimentation or early diagenesis by BSR or partly by PR, rather than by TSR at such low temperatures, this stage may be the first mineralization stage. Sulfides near the faults might be formed by TSR after sedimentation, this stage may be the second mineralization stage.     

基于盐湖尾卤溶液结构变化的镁锂分离研究

盐湖卤水提锂工艺的难点之一在于卤水中镁锂比过高。采用红外光谱对非平衡动态降温过程中溶液结构变化进行分析,测定不同类型单盐溶液和卤水的结构变化,并基于此规律强化盐湖尾卤的镁锂分离。结果表明,MgSO₄ 溶液在40℃及以上时,984 cm^-1 处的特征峰显示可能出现接触式离子对结构(Mg²⁺-SO₄^2-);1 280 cm^-1处出现溶剂共享型离子对结构(Mg²⁺-H₂O-SO₄^2-);Li₂SO₄溶液中出现溶剂共享型离子对结构的可能性低,镁锂之间会出现结构差异。基于如上溶液结构的变化,通过非平衡动态降温过程,实现盐湖尾卤中的镁锂分离,镁锂质量比值可由最初的40降至20左右,Mg²⁺以MgSO₄·nH₂O型混合结晶产品的形式从卤水中析出,而液相中Li⁺