硫酸盐的测定——交流示波极谱滴定在海水分析中的应用(Ⅱ)

采用交流示波极谱滴定法研究海水中硫酸盐的直接测定法。在pH8的乙二胺—盐酸底液中,以标准K_2Cr_2O_7溶液滴定适当过量的钡,由微过量的Cr_2O_7~(2-)(或CrO_4~(2-))在交流示波极谱图上产生的切口指示滴定终点。方法准确快速.测定标准海水和卤水中的SO_4~(2-)的回收率分别为98.11±0.67和100.03±1.1％。相对标准偏差小于1％。     

The Increase of Biogenic Sulfate Aerosol and Particle Number in Marine Atmosphere over the Northwestern North Pacific

During a cruise aboard the R/V Hakuho-maru in the northwestern North Pacific in the summer of 1998 the particle number concentrations and the major ionic components of size fractionated aerosols were measured to investigate the aerosol produced by marine biological activity. Continuous low concentrations of nitrate (<1.8 nmol m⁻³), similar to the marine air background level, were found over the northwestern North Pacific (40–45°N) and the Sea of Okhotsk (44–45°N). Over the Sea of Okhotsk, a high concentration of chlorophyll-a (5.4 mg m⁻³) in seawater was observed, and atmospheric concentrations of non sea-salt (nss-) sulfate (44 nmol m⁻³), methane sulfonic acid (MSA) (1.8 nmol m⁻³) and particle number in the size range of 0.1 < D < 0.5 μm (199 cm⁻³) were found to be 9, 7, and 2 times, respectively, higher than those in the background marine air. The increase in particle number concentrations mainly in the size range of 0.2 < D < 0.3 μm was likely caused by the increase of biogenic sulfate over the high productive region of the Sea of Okhotsk. In humid air conditions (R.H. > 96%), the increased biogenic sulfate that condensed the large amount of water vapor would not have sufficient solute mass to activate as cloud condensation nuclei (CNN) and would remain as aerosol particles in the marine air with frequent sea-fogs over the high productive region. Biogenic sulfate originating from dimethyl sulfide (DMS) would gradually grow into the CCN size and continuously supply a great number of CCN to the marine air in the northwestern North Pacific. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

枪乌贼羽状壳制备壳聚糖的研究

以枪乌贼的骨骼组织羽状壳为原料 ,设计正交实验分析了碱液浓度、温度和时间对壳聚糖脱乙酰度和粘度的影响 ;对枪乌贼羽状壳制备的壳聚糖的性能进行了初步研究。结果表明 ,以羽状壳制备的壳聚糖特点是具有较高的粘度 (3890 m Pa· s) ,颜色为浅黄褐色 ,可免除脱钙脱色环节。在碱液浓度为 4 5 % ,温度为 90℃ ,反应时间为 4 h的条件下 ,可得到较好品质的壳聚糖产品     

可食性壳聚糖包装膜的制备及其性质研究

以壳聚糖为成膜剂 ,以体积比为 1 %的乙酸水溶液为溶剂配制成壳聚糖成膜液 ,在成膜液中加入硬脂酸 ,用流涎法分别制成壳聚糖简单可食性包装膜和壳聚糖硬脂酸复合可食性包装膜。对膜的性能如抗拉强度、伸长率、水蒸气透过率、气体透过率、折痕等进行了分析。结果表明 ,膜性能的优劣与壳聚糖、硬脂酸等含量及成膜时的条件有关。     

The effects of sodium sulfate on the emissions characteristics of an emulsified marine diesel oil-fired furnace

Degraded diesel oils are commonly used in marine power plants to conform to the demands of shipowners for fuel economy. The burning of these marine fuel oils, which frequently contain various extents of oxides of iron, silicon, calcium, vanadium and potassium, such as Na₂SO₄, Fe₂O₃, SiO₂, CaO, V₂O₅, etc., are susceptible to form much more complex compounds of either gaseous or solid phases. The release of these emissions to the environment may cause atmospheric pollution and a health hazard to human beings. Emulsification of a fuel oil with water to produce a micro-water-particles-dispersed-in-oil (W/O) emulsion has been considered as one of the promising techniques to improve combustion characteristics of low-grade marine oils and in turn effectively help to reduce the release of air pollutants. Marine fuel oil A, which approximates ASTM No. 2D oil was used as the test oil and the surfactant Span 80 was used to promote the affinity and integrating force between the components of the emulsion. An emulsifying/homogenizing machine was employed to stir the emulsion mixture of the marine oil, distilled water, surfactant Span 80 and sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) powder of 300 ppm. The mechanically blended emulsion mixture was injected, atomized and burned in an oil-fired furnace using an automatic burner. Burning gas composition, burning efficiency and gas temperature were measured and analyzed. Compared to neat marine diesel oil, W/O emulsions had higher combustion efficiencies, higher concentrations of O₂ and SO₂, while gas temperatures were lowered and CO and NO_x production was reduced. The addition of sodium sulfate decreased combustion efficiency and NO_x concentration and increased O₂, CO, and SO₂ concentrations.     

两种壳聚糖的不同配比对草莓保鲜效果的影响

研究了两种相对分子质量的壳聚糖以不同的比例配比所制的保鲜剂对草莓保鲜效果的影响。结果表明 :当相对分子质量为 3万和 1 70 0的两种壳聚糖以 1∶ 1 (质量比 )配比时 ,所制的保鲜剂对草莓有较好的保鲜效果 ,能使草莓果实的失水率、腐烂率和发霉率显著降低 (P<0 .0 1 ) ;果实体内的可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、Vc等含量以及糖酸比明显增加(P<0 .0 5) ;超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性增强 ,丙二醛 (MDA)含量减少 (P<0 .0 1 ) ,果实细胞膜稳定性显著提高。     

海藻硫酸多糖911抗乙脑病毒作用的观察

采用体外微量细胞病变抑制实验及体内半数致死量LD_(50)测定法,分别观察海藻硫酸多糖911对乙型脑炎病毒的作用。结果表明,海藻硫酸多糖911在体外适宜的浓度条件下,对乙型脑炎病毒有一定的抑制作用,但对病毒无中和作用。体内给药,911对乙型脑炎病毒无明显抑制作用。     

两种不同凝胶柱测定壳聚糖分子量结果的比较

凝胶渗透色谱法测定壳聚糖分子量 ,以葡聚糖为标准品 ,用 2种不同的凝胶柱 (PLaquagel- OH柱和 TSK G4 0 0 0 PWXL柱 )测定 4种样品的分子量及其分布 ,并经过普适标定。比较结果发现 :PL aquagel- OH柱效果稍好于 TSK G4 0 0 0 PWXL柱。两柱所得重均分子量平均偏差为 0 .17%～ 3.38% ,数均分子量的平均偏差为 0 .90 %～ 3.5 7% ,分子量分布宽度指数 1.34～ 1.5 4。     

海洋硫酸多糖916氧化降解条件的正交实验法优化

以分子量为考查指标,采用正交实验法研究了海洋硫酸多糖916的氧化降解最佳条件。考察了H2O2浓度、原料用量和反应时间对降解后分子量的影响。结果表明,最佳降解条件为体系中H2O2浓度为3%,原料用量为2%,反应时间为3h。该法简单易行,操作简便,所用试剂廉价易得,是一种简单有效的降解方法。     

壳聚糖诱导植物抗病机制研究进展

对壳聚糖在植物抗病诱导中的作用机制进行了综述。壳聚糖可直接抑制病原菌生长 ,诱导植物产生病程相关蛋白 ,积累次生代谢产物 ,并参与植物 -病原菌之间的信号传导。评述了壳聚糖信号传递的可能途径及其与激素信号传导的关系 ;提出了开发壳聚糖生防农药的可行性及进一步研究的重点。