多功能超声波成像测井仪应用效果评价

多功能超声成像测井仪采用超声脉冲反射法进行套损及水泥胶结质量评价.对该仪器实测的波形进行分析,波形信噪比良好,首波为套管内壁的反射波,随后到达的为套管共振波,波形频谱曲线具有明显的谱陷特征.利用井眼内壁反射波的幅度及到时曲线可实现井眼内壁高分辨率成像;利用套管共振波的共振频率及幅度衰减可分别计算套管厚度及套管后面材料的水泥声阻抗.现场实测的裸眼井资料表明,该仪器可获取井壁表面裂缝、层理、孔洞等地质构造信息.处理现场实测的套管井资料表明,仪器可正确测量套管的壁厚,识别套损方位,同时还可以根据水泥声阻抗的数值范围确定一界面材料是气体、液体还是固体成分.该仪器具有井眼内壁成像、套损评价及水泥胶结质量评价的功能.     

Characterisation of nano magnesia–cement-reinforced seashore soft soil by direct-shear test

Abstract

In this study, the mechanical behaviour of nano magnesia–cement-reinforced seashore soft soil (NmC3S) was evaluated and characterised by the direct-shear testing of seashore soft soil (3S), cement reinforced seashore soft soil (C3S) and NmC3S. The comparison among these three types of soils indicates that NmC3S has greater shear strength and deformation modulus than C3S and 3S. The shear stress of both C3S and NmC3S increase significantly prior to a shear displacement of 1.0?mm, followed by a sharp decline before reaching the critical state. The failure displacement increases as the applied normal stress increases. NmC3S demonstrated greater friction angle than both C3S and 3S; however, the magnitude of its cohesion lies between that of C3S and 3S. Moreover, a mathematical model that describes the shear stress–displacement curve was proposed, which can effectively model the strain-hardening and strain-softening curves of these three types of clays. Finally, a generalised formula for capturing the stress–displacement behaviour of these three materials is presented with the explanations for the physical meaning of each parameter.     

采用数字图像相关法进行收缩试验研究

半刚性基层材料已广泛应用于我国高等级公路路面结构中,但半刚性基层材料在温度作用或/和失水作用下产生的收缩应变一旦超过材料自身所能承受的极限拉应变,就会发生开裂,影响路面的使用性能。选择合适的收缩试验方法对半刚性基层材料的收缩性能进行研究非常具有现实意义。针对传统收缩变形测量方法的不足,采用数字图像相关方法对一种典型的半刚性基层材料进行室内收缩试验研究,分析其早期收缩应变的变化规律;对收缩变形前后的图像进行相关计算,获得全场的收缩变形,并与传统收缩试验结果相比,该方法所得结果可重复性好,稳定性好,精度更高。     

碳税和碳交易机制的行业减排成本比较优势研究

碳税和碳交易机制是控制温室气体排放的环境管理工具,对工业行业的减排成本造成不同的影响。以污染控制政策的稳态总期望社会成本函数为基础构建碳减排成本函数,比较碳税和碳交易机制下水泥行业减排成本,发现影响两种环境管理工具成本的要素。以广东和山东水泥行业的实证数据进行模拟分析,得到如下结论：当碳价和碳税税率差距不大时,由于碳交易机制需要较高的建设成本,碳税更具成本优势;短期内,由于减排技术投入成本较高,与强制性的行政管理手段相比,碳交易机制更具成本效益;碳价、碳税税率、最佳可获得技术的价格、企业预期、碳交易建设与管理成本都会影响碳交易机制和碳税在减排成本上的比较优势。建议设计互补型碳排放管理政策组合,使碳税和碳交易机制发挥各自的制度优势。     

不同环境对水泥土动应力影响的试验研究

为研究腐蚀性介质和动荷载对水泥土力学特性的影响,通过水泥土的动三轴压缩试验,获取水泥土动应力试验参数,分析各种环境对水泥土动强度的影响。试验结果表明,当硫酸钠溶液浓度小于0.03mol/L时水泥土的动强度逐步增大,当硫酸钠溶液浓度大于0.03mol/L时水泥土的动强度又逐步降低;随着氯化钠溶液浓度的增大,其动强度逐步降低;随着腐蚀时间的增加,0.03mol/L硫酸钠溶液的水泥土动强度逐步增大,而0.1 mol/L和0.3 mol/L硫酸钠溶液的水泥土动强度均逐步降低;水泥掺入比和围压越大,水泥土动强度越大;当溶液浓度小于0.03mol/L时硫酸钠环境对水泥土的动强度有增强效应,且浓度大于0.03mol/L时硫酸钠环境对水泥土具有腐蚀破坏效应,且硫酸钠溶液腐蚀效应大于氯化钠溶液腐蚀效应。     

保温水泥在中低温地热井中的应用及建议

中低温地热资源开采过程中井口水温较储层温度明显降低,资源浪费严重.本文提出在固井过程中引入保温水泥的方法,以期提升井口水温和地热资源利用效率.选用多层圆筒传热模型,模拟计算了保温水泥在不同使用条件下的保温效果.结果表明,保温水泥的使用能明显提高热水达到抽水泵的温度,且井径越大、井底温度越高、井深越大、使用开次越多,保温...     

Cavity‐filling dolomite speleothems and submarine cements in the Ediacaran Dengying microbialites,South China: Responses to high‐frequency sea‐level fluctuations in an ‘aragonite–dolomite sea’

Speleothems, mostly composed of calcium carbonate, are widely present in modern karst‐originated caves, but have rarely been reported in palaeokarst systems. This study presents a novel type of dolomite speleothem and subsequent submarine dolomite cement, which are widely present in the upper Ediacaran Dengying Formation in the upper Yangtze area. These precipitated materials occur in the cavity system that cuts across several peritidal cycles. The interconnected cavity networks with irregular shapes, embayed walls, internal breccias on cavity floor and their preferential development in the shallower cycle tops (for example, tepee‐deformed beds) suggest that they were initially generated by subaerial dissolution. As the earliest infills, the hemispherical protrusions, icicle‐like pendants and ground‐up columns show similar morphological features and occurrence patterns to the cave popcorn, stalactites and stalagmites, respectively. Thus, these earliest infills are speleothems resulting from associated meteoric precipitation during subaerial exposure. The isopachous growth pattern of subsequent more extensive fibrous dolomite cements points to a submarine diagenetic environment in which they were precipitated. Microscopically, the micritic to micro‐crystalline dolomite, acicular dolomite in speleothems and the subsequent fibrous dolomite share similar crystal fabrics to metastable precursors (for example, Mg‐calcite). Meanwhile, the carbon‐oxygen isotope compositions of the speleothem and fibrous dolomite, although partly altered by burial diagenesis, share a large overlap with host rock and coeval marine carbonates all over the Yangtze Platform. For these reasons, these speleothems and fibrous cements are considered to have been initially precipitated as metastable carbonate precursors in meteoric and submarine environments, respectively, and stabilized during submarine mimetic dolomitization. The cyclic occurrence of cavity systems filled with speleothems and submarine cements reflects periodic subaerial exposure and marine flooding of broad tidal flat in the upper Yangtze area, driven by high‐frequency sea‐level fluctuations. Furthermore, the Neoproterozoic seawater chemistry that favoured early dolomitization of carbonate precursor mineralogies was an advantage for the preservation of fabrics from metastable precursor minerals.     

页岩气基础地质调查万地1井钻井堵漏技术

米仓山-大巴山前缘页岩气基础地质调查万地1井钻遇二叠系吴家坪组巨厚层硅灰岩、燧石灰岩,坚硬致密,裂隙、溶隙、溶洞极发育,钻进过程中钻井液漏失严重甚至失返,造成钻进困难。先后采用了随钻堵漏、桥接材料堵漏、水泥砂浆堵漏、胶质泥浆-水泥浆堵漏、拦截式堵漏工艺技术,基本解决了钻进中钻井液失返问题。     

组合桩在唐山沿海地区的试验应用

唐山沿海地区由于自然历史原因造成土体结构与内陆地区相差甚远,土体结构多层,且上部以软弱粘性土、砂类土为主,使得单一桩型成本较高、效率低、施工难度大且易造成环境污染。针对这些问题并结合本地区地层,设计试验了一套粉喷桩和预应力混凝土管桩相结合的柔刚组合桩施工方法,降低了施工难度、提高了效率、降低了成本,实现桩基施工无泥浆排放的节能环保示范,为类似地区地基基础工程施工提供了借鉴和参考。     

某湖滨路拓宽改造工程的稳定性分析及处理方案研究

针对某湖滨路的拓宽改造工程,选取地基土层最不利的断面进行数值模拟,并采用强度折减法研究其整体稳定性。数值分析结果表明,加宽后的新路基稳定性较差,安全储备不能满足要求,需要采取加固措施。对初步设计提出的仅采用土工格栅和采用土工格栅＋水泥搅拌桩这两种不同加固处理方案进行了数值分析。计算结果表明,相比仅采用土工格栅,采用土工格栅＋水泥搅拌桩进行软基处理可以有效地减小不均匀沉降、提高路堤的整体稳定性。本文的实例研究可供类似工程参考和借鉴。