国家速滑馆动态高精度施工测量关键技术及应用

国家速滑馆建筑结构在空间上的不规则性、多样性、复杂性及超大规模给施工测量带来较大的难度,因此,加强对动态高精度测量技术的研究和应用,是实现施工过程各专业、各环节高精度搭接的重要基础。国家速滑馆动态高精度施工测量关键技术解决了不均匀作用力下大跨度马鞍形索网同步张拉困难的技术难题;突破了特大异形柔性结构屋顶预制、安装和调控精密测量关键技术,实现了精密工程测量从静态到动态、离散到连续的转变;形成了模型驱动的一测多用高密度网状排管表观形态高效测量新方法;解决了受阻或封闭环境长距离连续面超高精度地坪标高测量难题,有效指导了施工作业,为2022年冬奥会速滑项目的开展提供了保障。     

水泥浆失重对高压油气井固井质量的影响分析及工艺对策

高压油气井由于存在高压地层,在整个钻井工程中都引起了高度重视。有些高压油气井可能还存在低压易漏层。在固井候凝过程中,水泥浆会产生失重,进而降低了井筒内的液柱压力,如果液柱压力低于失重井段的地层压力,地层流体将会向环空侵入,造成窜槽,甚至会引发井控事故;如果液柱压力高于地层（破裂）压力将引起地层漏失,进而污染油气层,造成水泥浆低返。因此,处理好固井过程中井筒内动态压力和地层压力的关系以及制定相关的应急措施是高压油气井固井成败的关键。分析了水泥浆失重对高压油气井固井质量的影响因素,提出了高压油气井油气水侵的预防措施和固井中相关风险的应急措施和机制。     

Importance of volcanic glass alteration to sediment stabilization: offshore Japan

A minor amount (ca 1 wt%) of amorphous silica cement sourced from volcanic glass inhibits consolidation of hemipelagic sediment approaching the Nankai Trough subduction zone throughout the Shikoku Basin. The distribution and nature of the cement were examined via secondary and backscattered electron imaging. The amorphous silica occurs as altered material in contact with volcanic glass, coating grains (including grain contacts) and filling pores. Based on chemical and petrographic evidence, the cement is probably sourced from volcanic glass; this is in contrast to a previous suggestion that this silica cement is sourced dominantly from biogenic silica. Amorphous silica sourced from disseminated volcanic glass shards has the ability to form a thin coating on clay‐dominated sediment throughout the Shikoku Basin. Measured amorphous silica content in hemipelagic sediments suggests that the cementing process is active throughout the Shikoku Basin (at sites separated by >500 km). The cementation process may occur in other locations where sediment containing hydrated disseminated volcanic glass is buried sufficiently for heat to facilitate alteration (i.e. Central America, Cascadia and the Gulf of Alaska).     

马坑外围矿区ZK7924孔施工难点及对策

重点介绍马坑外围矿区ZK7924钻探技术难点,阐述了冲洗液、护壁堵漏、相关技术参数及水泥浆替水量的计算方法,顺利完成了该钻孔的施工。     

“矿产地质勘查规范：石灰岩、水泥配料类”编制说明

文中论述了《矿产地质勘查规范石灰岩、水泥配料》编制的背景、原《规范》的弊端、新《规范》的主要内容、使用新《规范》的几点说明。     

抗高温水泥浆体系研究及应用

基于塔河外围区块深井、超深井对水泥浆基本性能要求,考虑高温高压对浆体性能影响,通过分析抗高温材料的作用机理,优选出适合高温水泥浆体系的外加剂,将缓凝剂、降失水剂、液硅等抗高温材料按需求配比,研究不同密度抗高温（≥120 ℃）水泥浆体系,测定其常规性能。该水泥浆体系流动性好、API失水量＜50 mL/30 min、防窜系数SPN值＜1,水泥石高温稳定性好、抗压强度高等,均满足高温高压井下施工要求。该抗高温水泥浆体系在顺北评1H、顺北7、中探1井应用效果良好,优良率高。     

大塔场构造遂宁组—须家河组 钻井技术难点及应对措施

大塔场构造筇竹寺组、灯影组具有良好的生储盖组合且分布广泛,具有巨大的油气藏勘探开发潜力。该地区地质条件复杂,在上部地层钻进过程中,发现沙溪庙组井漏问题突出、须家河组岩石可钻性差等诸多难点。为了加快该区块的钻探进程,解决制约钻井提速的技术难题,通过分析前期钻完井和正钻井资料,明确了大塔场构造上部地层钻进过程中可能遇到的技术难点,结合现场实践提出了防止起步井斜方法、大尺寸套管固井技术、凝胶水泥堵漏技术、钻头优选等技术措施,对今后在该区块钻井和固井施工具有一定的指导作用。     

深部埋藏条件下砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物的成因及储层改造——以济阳坳陷始新统孔店组为例

济阳坳陷始新统孔店组深部碎屑岩中普遍发育碳酸盐胶结物。依据普通薄片、扫描电镜、X衍射、阴极发光、流体包裹体测温和碳氧同位素等实验结果,对济阳坳陷始新统孔店组深部砂岩中的碳酸盐胶结物进行了深入研究。结果表明:碳酸盐胶结物类型有方解石、铁方解石、铁白云石和菱铁矿等,胶结方式有早期基底式胶结、成岩期点状胶结、成岩后期裂缝充填,胶结物的纵向上和横向上分布具有一定的规律性;早期基底式胶结主要形成于原始沉积水介质的化学沉积分异作用,这种沉积分异作用主要发生在湖盆沉积的同生期,由于化学物质的饱和度分异造成;成岩期胶结物主要跟成岩演化过程中流体的自由流动、粘土矿物转化、有机质的演化和地质环境的变化有关,断裂构造活动形成的深部热液也是形成部分碳酸盐胶结物的主要原因;碳酸盐胶结物对储层具有明显的改造作用,早期基底式胶结沉淀作用对岩石储层具有强烈胶结作用和抗压实作用,成岩期碳酸盐的沉淀作用对储层空间具有明显的堵塞作用,成岩过程中的碳酸盐矿物的溶解作用提高了深部地层的储层质量。     

用于高温地热井泡沫水泥泡沫剂性能研究

地热井钻井具有高温、地层压力低、地层破碎等特点,采用抗高温泡沫水泥进行固井,要求泡沫剂具有一定的抗高温性能。本文评价和优选了多种泡沫剂在常温和180℃高温下的起泡能力、稳定性,并且将优选出来的单种发泡剂进行复配评价,得到最佳的复配体系为SLES∶CAO∶CAB=63.3∶31.7∶5,并且与单种发泡剂进行比较,将所得最佳复配体系加入到API G级油井水泥体系中进行性能的初步评价。     

Fault deformation mechanisms and fault rocks in micritic limestones: Examples from Corinth rift normal faults

A multidisciplinary study investigates the influence of different parameters on fault rock architecture development along normal faults affecting non-porous carbonates of the Corinth rift southern margin. Here, some fault systems cut the same carbonate unit (Pindus), and the gradual and fast uplift since the initiation of the rift led to the exhumation of deep parts of the older faults. This exceptional context allows superficial active fault zones and old exhumed fault zones to be compared.Our approach includes field studies, micro-structural (optical microscope and cathodoluminescence), geochemical analyses (δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O, trace elements) and fluid inclusions microthermometry of calcite sin-kinematic cements.Our main results, in a depth-window ranging from 0 m to about 2500 m, are: i) all cements precipitated from meteoric fluids in a close or open circulation system depending on depth; ii) depth (in terms of P/T condition) determines the development of some structures and their sealing; iii) lithology (marly levels) influences the type of structures and its cohesive/non-cohesive nature; iv) early distributed rather than final total displacement along the main fault plane is the responsible for the fault zone architecture; v) petrophysical properties of each fault zone depend on the variable combination of these factors.