Enhancing Community-scale Social Resilience: what is the connection between healthy communities and healthy waterways?

Qualitative research undertaken in a regional centre of northern Queensland revealed how community members with an interest in water quality see themselves and others being pro-active in maintaining healthy waterways. Interview analysis revealed that respondents saw social resilience to changing water quality as contingent upon personal perceptions of water quality; the ability of a whole community to respond to changes in water quality; and individual behaviour change. Many participants explained that, in general, individuals would not take responsibility for maintaining healthy waterways unless there were personal consequences for not acting. We relate these data to current literature linking individual attitudes to community pro-environmental behaviour. We conclude that certain conditions usually prevail before a whole community will take up environmentally responsible behaviour. These conditions include a latent level of social capital, collective social learning, agency coordination, sufficient resources, and personal significance.     

The Role of Social Networks and Trusted Peers in Promoting Biodiverse Carbon Plantings

Social capital has the potential to influence the success of biodiverse carbon plantings in the face of uncertainty amongst rural landholders about the need or efficacy of efforts to address climate change through tree planting. We conducted 17 face-to-face semi-structured interviews with landholders in Victoria, Australia who voluntarily participate in biodiverse carbon plantings on their land, focusing in particular on the role of social capital for understanding how ‘early adopters' can advocate for programs locally. The interviews revealed the importance of social networks and the profound impact of trusted peers on the diffusion of carbon planting schemes. These social capital dimensions are especially important for shaping ongoing participation and the ways in which participants become active agents in trusted relationships that influence the participation of others. Our results suggest that the positive impact of social networks can counteract doubts about the validity of climate adaptation responses such as carbon planting, and enable landholders to connect the program with their existing stewardship motivations. The ability for early adopters of the program to demonstrate the physical materialisation of their plantings to others was vital to this process. We propose that targeting champions and trusted peers in local communities could accelerate the proliferation of biodiverse carbon planting schemes.     

Employment growth,human capital and educational levels: uneven urban and regional development in Denmark 2002–2012

Contemporary studies in urban and regional development stress the importance of large city-regions as key places in modern capitalism taking the form of agglomerations of economic activities by industries, firms and highly skilled people. In this article, we challenge the strong focus on academic human capital in understanding regional growth. We examine to what extent different labour competences and capabilities relate to municipal employment growth using nine stratified, educational categories as proxies for different levels of human capital. Dividing municipalities into four spatial categories ranging from the urban to the peripheral, we conclude that there is a strong spatial distinction of educational structures with an urban bias, and that educational categories other than academic human capital can make an important contribution to our understanding of what drives employment growth on the municipal level.     

日本的国土开发对中国西部大开发的启示

本文在评述和总结日本国土开发中所取得的成功经验基础上 ,提出了中国在西部大开发中需要注意的四个问题 :一是要制定明确的开发目标和切实可行的开发方式 ,并通过立法的形式保障开发计划的实施 ;二是有效发挥社会资本和民间资本对西部开发的作用 ;三是加大力度促进西部中小城市的发展 ;四是在西部大开发中处理好资源、环境和灾害等问题。     

“九七”后香港与内地合作趋向及港资进入内地策略

本文讨论香港与内地进行经济合作基础与环境，分析了“九七”后两地经济合作的新趋向及港资进入内地将采取的基本策略，并对如何更好地引导港资进入内地提出若干对策和措施。     

Barcelona's planning strategies: from 'Paris of the South' to the 'Capital of West Mediterranean'

Planning strategies in Barcelona are linked to its capital city aspirations. Like other European cities, capitals and non-capitals, Barcelona throughout the course of the 20th century has drawn upon a number of different planning strategies, directed towards reinforcing its prestige at both a national and international level. During this period Barcelona has sought to become Spain's second capital, the cultural capital, the industrial capital, capital of Catalonia, capital of the West Mediterranean, etc. Always in competition with Madrid, the aspirations of capital status ranking have been ambiguous. The dream of the great monumental Barcelona of the start of the century tried to emulate the European capital cities (especially Paris). By contrast more recent strategies emphasise the new role that Barcelona can play within a south-west European macro-region. The subject raised in this paper then is two-fold. On the one hand the continuity or not in the capital aspiration starting from the recuperation of Catalonia's autonomy, with its corresponding urbanistic and architectonic connotations. On the other hand the originality and analogies between strategies carried out in Barcelona, in relation to other European cities, capitals and non-capitals.     

伴随资金流的技术溢出

以上市高新技术企业为例,通过建立Tobit模型,实证分析了股东技术水平对企业创新绩效的影响,进而探讨资金流带来的技术溢出机制。研究发现：高新技术企业与股东呈现出分离的空间布局特征,其中股东和资金流空间主要分布在中国的东部地区;股东技术水平对被投资企业创新绩效有正向影响并表现出稳健的结果;同时,股东作为区域外联系的对象,其投资行为使得创新主体之间相互作用的门槛更低,通过建立通畅的知识人才互动管道和更低的研发合作门槛,实现了技术溢出。并做出以下建议：资金流带动的技术外溢增加了技术学习的新路径,创新落后地区在引入高新技术企业限制的情况下,可引入携带技术的资金以达到补充效果。     

Community and Social Capital in Upper-Income Neighborhoods: An Investigation in Metropolitan Phoenix

This study investigates how upper-income residents respond to neoliberal practices and private governance in forming unusual community relationships in landscapes seemingly devoid of traditional social capital. Based on field work in three communities in metropolitan Phoenix, it was concluded that through private groups and an intrinsic nature to know others, residents create meaningful relationships at scales other than the neighborhood or municipality and focus on nontraditional, privatized community institutions. Whereas these new relationships enhance residents' feelings of connectedness, they generally promote bonding over bridging social capital. Moreover, the draconian effects homeowners or property owners' associations have on normative landscape and behavioral constraints tend to wane considerably as the transition from the developer's idea of place and the residents' vision of place occurs temporally.     

PENSION FUND INVESTMENTS: AN INITIAL GEOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT*

Despite the importance of interregional shifts of capital in contributing to patterns of regional development, pension funds, a large and growing source of capital in the world, have received limited empirical investigation by geographers. An initial assessment of the geographic impact of selected pension fund investments controlled by the State of Wisconsin Investment Board (SWIB) is presented. A simple investment allocation model is employed to address several research questions. Findings indicate changes in investment categories over time and suggest interregional investment shifts that fail to fall neatly along Sunbelt/Snowbelt lines. Recent SWIB investments may be undercutting the state's competitive position with other – and in some cases Sunbelt – states.     

试论地质大市场的构成及其发展建议

地质行业需要一个包括矿业市场在内的更广泛的地质大市场，地质大市场由地质项目市场、地质大市场由地质项目市场、地质资本市场、地质劳务市场和地质成果市场四部分组成，并初步论述了这四个市场。提出在地质大市场建设初期应采取两降低两抬高的原则，最大限度地增加有效需求，通过市场择优淘劣，确保成果质量，使地质大市场得以良性发展。