社会资本是否促进污染型企业退出?——来自中国城市的微观数据

污染型企业的区位选择、转移及其驱动机制研究是环境经济地理研究的热点话题。现有文献从正式制度的角度深入探讨了地方政府的环境规制对污染型企业进入退出、空间分布和产业转移的影响,相对忽视了地方社会资本如公众环保意识、企业环境责任等非正式制度因素对污染型企业区位选择的作用机制。本文基于2011年中国工业企业数据、中国综合社会调查（CGSS）以及城市统计年鉴等数据资料,从社会规范、社会网络和社会信任三方面构建中国城市尺度社会资本,利用二元logit回归模型探讨了社会资本与环境规制对中国污染型企业退出的影响。研究发现：① 环境规制对污染型企业退出的促进作用存在门槛效应。② 公众环保意识、企业环境责任作为社会规范因素,对污染型企业生存构成了外部非正式环境压力;但社会信任和社会网络并没有直接促进污染型企业退出。③ 社会资本在强环境规制地区中的交互作用显著,能够形成正式制度与非正式制度的良好互动。本研究从社会资本这一非正式制度的视角理解污染型企业退出的影响机制,不仅是对正式制度层面环境规制研究的补充,同时也对污染型企业的区位选择和地方政府环境治理政策的制定具有借鉴意义。     

张掖市农户社会资本特征分析

社会资本作为影响可持续发展的重要因素之一,对国家或区域的社会经济发展具有重要作用。以张掖市为研究区,设计了社会资本的测量指标,利用入户调查资料,采用主成分分析法测算了张掖市的社会资本指数和该区农户的社会资本特征,并通过回归剖析了影响农户社会资本的因素。结果表明：（1）张掖市农户社会资本指数为4.93,其中,农户社会资本信任维度的发展水平最高,信息传播维度的发展水平最低;（2）影响信任维度的因素有户主受教育程度、农户财富差异;影响政治赋权维度的因素有户主受教育程度、户主年龄;影响网络维度的因素有户主受教育程度、家庭年收入和户主年龄;影响合作维度的因素有户主受教育程度、家庭年收入、户主年龄和农户财富差异;影响社会凝聚力维度的因素有户主受教育程度、户主年龄与农户财富差异,影响信息传播维度的因素有户主受教育程度、家庭年收入、以及农户财富差异。     

资本循环视角下大遗址区乡村社会空间生产机制研究——以秦始皇陵为例

中国大遗址名录中80%以上的大遗址位于城郊或郊野地区,遗址文物保护与旅游开发不可避免地会影响到大遗址区乡村社会空间。分析大遗址区社会经济发展的规律,是实现大遗址区乡村振兴的关键。论文以秦始皇陵大遗址区为案例地,探寻资本逻辑下大遗址区乡村社会空间生产机制。研究发现：① 资本对最优区位的选择产生大遗址区乡村社会空间分异。由于各村庄的自然环境、交通条件、保护区划的限制条件及其与已开发遗存点距离等因素存在差异,资本的选择性投入产生了大遗址区乡村社会空间分异。② 村庄生产方式调整是大遗址区社会空间演变的内在动力。大遗址区乡村社会空间生产是在文物保护的框架下,由于旅游开发的正外部性促进资本流动影响到村庄生产方式调整,进而影响社会关系转变的过程。③ 政府政策措施对大遗址区资本的引导控制是外部影响因素。大遗址的文物脆弱性决定了展示利用过程中必须保证政府的强干预性,村庄生产方式转变可能产生保护与发展的矛盾,因此需要政府权力的介入,进一步导致了村庄生产方式调整。大遗址区乡村社会空间生产是一个动态演进、螺旋式上升的过程。政府有效管理、市场与村庄社区合理介入才能保障大遗址区乡村合理发展与转型。     

Social Mix and the `Balanced Community' in British housing policy – a tale of two epochs

In Britain, concepts of `social mix' and the `balanced community' provide an example of how policy discourses have adapted to changing conceptions of the role of the state in public provision, forms of social division and inequality, and housing market transformations. The recent development of a policy agenda by the Labour government in Britain devised to promote more socially balanced neighbourhoods is not new, and its lineage may be traced back to the origins of housing and urban policy. However, the manner in which this objective has been framed and the intervention it has provoked have varied considerably over time. One is struck more by the episodic and discontinuous nature of the application of mix and balance in British policy than any sense of a coherent set of strategies pursued through changing times. This paper contrasts the place of social mix and balance in the discourses of the immediate post-war period in Britain with the renewed emphasis on such ideas in the policies of the New Labour government elected in 1997. In the first period, the claims of social mix were infused with the language of national reconstruction and the post-war settlement and the development of universal state provision. More recently, interest in social balance has arisen partly as a response to increased management difficulties and the process of `residualisation' in social housing and partly in response to new concepts of the underclass, social exclusion and social capital. The promotion of social mix and balance in contemporary policy has been shaped by notions of the underclass, social exclusion and the development of social capital in poorer communities. Policy intervention is overtly premised on the assumption that more mixed communities will promote more positive social interaction for residents, despite the lack of evidence for this claim. In practice, much of the discourse has now taken on a stronger sense of discipline and control in order to manage social housing estates. The meaning of social balance remains confused, however, and the achievement of this objective through policy intervention is likely to remain fraught with problems.     

全面推进“三世工程”，创建桂林国际旅游名城新局面

桂林“三世”工程指申报世界文化与自然遗产、申报世界岩溶地质公园、创建桂林世界喀斯特博览园三项工程。桂林“三世”工程申报有着优良厚实的基础,它将给创建桂林国际旅游名城带来新的契机,成为有效保护桂林岩溶山水景观资源和打造“桂林特色旅游航母”、做大做强广西旅游的龙头;同时也是全面建设小康社会的需要。“三世”工程具有开创性、全局性、前瞻性的重要战略意义和现实意义。     

History and regional development. A controversy over the ‘right’ interpretation of the role of history in the development of the Polish regions

There is currently a lively discussion on the role of historic memories and the re-visiting of historic legacies in post-communist countries. Using the example of Poland and its legacy of the tripartite division of the 19th century, this paper aims to illustrate how symbolic conflicts over identity politics and the interpretation of history may critically influence discourses on the debates on, and portrayals of, variations in regional development. The paper thus discusses the post-war history of Poland in the context of the so-called left-right political cleavage, and the varying related debates on the ‘quality’ of regional development as part of Poland’s post-communist restructuring. These discussions include varying projections of the nature and role of social capital and its relative ‘usefulness’ for a successful development Poland’s after communism. And there are clear political overtones to these contrasting portrayals of Poland’s history and its regionally varying legacy. Drawing on different definitions of the notion of social capital, the paper then discusses how different legacies, such as an introspective and extrovert outlook of population and institutions, and the degree of cohesion among them, circumscribes a region’s economic development prospects.     

Moscow and St. Petersburg, a sequence of capitals, a tale of two cities

From early modern times until the present, Russia (temporarily extended to the USSR) had two capital cities: Moscow and Petersburg. Moscow was the original capital, it was succeeded by Petersburg from the beginning of the 18th century. From the early 20th century onward Moscow again became the capital, but it became a different kind of capital at the end of the 20th century. The paper describes the evolution of the representation of the state function in the appearance of the capital cities by way of the state buildings, the monuments, the street names. In addition it analyses the fate of the former capitals (first Moscow, then Petersburg) in terms of their symbolic functions. Petersburg originated as a capital turned to the outside emphasizing Russia's European vocation, while Moscow was at first the inward looking capital city representing the distinctive spiritual values of Russia. Changes had to do with the changes in the nature of the successive political regimes and with the changing roles of the two cities within those regimes.     

Inclusive wealth index measuring sustainable development potentials for Chinese cities

The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future. To achieve the goal, tracking progress — not just on a national level, but locally — is crucial to guide future policy development. While sustainability assessment at the national evel is quite advanced in China, similar assessments focusing at the regional or even at the city-level are currently lacking. Here, we advanced the Inclusive Wealth Index (IWI) framework, which is firstly proposed by the United Nations Development Programme, through taking water wealth into account and adjusting the variable based on data availability. Then we investigate the sustainability performance of 210 cities in China in 2016 via the advanced version of the IWI framework. The analysis makes a holistic assessment based on produced, human, and natural capital, as well as considering heterogeneities in economy, social, and environmental conditions across these cities. We find that cities clustered in the eastern parts of China are characterized by high levels of sustainability performance and increasing capacities for sustainability, largely driven by their high quality and quantity of human capital. In comparison, the western cities have a large amount of low-skilled human capital and low levels of produced capital, which determines their low sustainability performance. Cities clustered in the north are heavily dependent on low value-added products and resource-intensive industries. Furthermore, we make projections of the IWI and its three components for different cities from 2020 to 2030, referring to the index systems presented in city planning which describe the development speed of income, education, fixed asset investment, forests etc. In the future, cities in central and western clusters show considerable potential for increasing IWI per capita, whereas cities with a dominant energy sector in the north would face declining capacity for sustainability due to the exhaustion of fossil fuels and raw materials. By fully taking account of and adapting to local circumstances, we tailor-design pathways for different types of cities to grow their sustainability potentials. Those resources-dependent cities in the north could avoid the impending decline by gradually developing their human and produced capital while abandoning their resource dependency. Our study contributes to city-level sustainable development in China through the lens of per capita IWI and the potential future dynamics of changing compositions in their capital.     

Fractured space: a geographical reflection on the digital divide

What does it mean to reflect upon space in connection to telecommunications? If we start with a conception of urban space as being fully integrated, including on an equal footing both information and communication technologies (ICT) and mobility techniques, as well as the founding notion of copresence that we find at the heart of all urban organization, we might then be able to examine the notion of the ‘digital divide’ in a new light. This clearly experimental approach is conducted by a research group called ‘Urbatic’, which is composed of geographers who, for the last three years, have been conducting theoretical research whose objective is to take into account two fields of social science: the theory of urbanity and the theory of telecommunication. Surveys conducted in this perspective focus on the analysis of the choices people make between the different means they can use to cope with distances (copresence, mobility and telecommunication) with a view to constructing their own space. The analysis of these choices leads us to propose a new theorized interpretation of the ‘digital divide’.     

施工企业建立安全生产管理体系的探索

论述了施工企业建设现代安全生产管理体系的重要性,并总结了广东煤炭地质局建设安全生产管理体系．促进安全生产的实践经验,提出了施工企业应从以建立完善安全生产责任制为核心,健全各项规章制度．加强员工的教育培训、资金投入和安全检查五个方面为重点建立现代安全生产管理体系的思路。