矿化地球化学样品的测试质量风险及对策

由于矿化样品的某种元素的含量高,对其他元素的测量产生了干扰,在质量参数均不超差的情况下,漏报、误报的风险极大。本文针对内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市八间房1：5万区域地质勘查调查样品中的10件矿化样品的铅的测试进行了方法比对试验,由于样品中钙量高,对原子吸收光谱法测铅产生了干扰,测试结果远远高于真实值。因此建议实验室在进行地球化学样品分析时,内检分析和异常抽查分析应尽量采用与基本分析不同的分析方法,规避误报、漏报的风险。     

湖北省宜昌硅钙质磷块岩选矿工艺研究

湖北省宜昌硅钙质沉积磷块岩,是难选的中低品位沉积磷块岩,主要磷酸盐矿物为泥晶磷灰石,主要脉石矿物为白云石、石英、玉髓.从获得高品位精矿、高回收率选矿工艺指标的角度,对含泥量较高的中低品位硅钙质沉积磷块岩,进行选矿工艺研究。确定分级-反浮选（常温）最佳选矿工艺路线为：选矿技术指标为磨矿细度-0．074mm（-200目）,含量占67．7％,原矿品位P2O5 25．89％,精矿产率58．61％、品位P2O5 35．22％,回收率80．00％.通过工艺流程试验研究的论述,旨在向年轻的选矿工作者传达一种工作思路,同时对于选别同类型磷矿的矿山企业也有一定的参考价值、     

Temperature dependence of δLi, δCa and Li/Ca during growth of calcium carbonate

Lithium and calcium isotope ratios, together with the Li/Ca element ratio, have been measured in calcites precipitated inorganically at temperatures ranging from 5 to 30 °C, and on seasonal growth bands from a coral. These measurements indicate the potential uses of these three environmental proxies. Carbonate Li isotopes are lighter than the solution from which they grow, probably due to equilibrium fractionation. This fractionation is not significantly influenced by temperature and, because Li is not involved in any known biological process, this suggests that carbonates will provide a recorder for the past Li-isotope composition of natural waters and hence for past weathering conditions. As has been observed previously for inorganic aragonite, the Ca-isotopes in inorganic calcite are lighter than the growth solution, and are only weakly dependent on temperature. This confirms that the temperature dependence observed in some species of foraminifera [Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 1 (2001)] reflects additional isotope fractionation due to biological processes during mineralization. Ca isotopes may therefore provide a powerful tool with which to investigate the processes of biomineralization. Finally, Li/Ca ratios in inorganic and biogenic carbonates increase as temperatures decrease with a sensitivity of ≈4% per °C. This temperature dependence of Li/Ca may prove useful to assess past temperatures in cold environments such as the deep ocean.     

珊瑚化石的组成及显微结构分析

珊瑚化石是珊瑚在地下长期埋藏经过各种地质作用所形成的化石,目前对珊瑚化石的研究主要集中在地质学和生物进化方面,对珊瑚化石的组成和显微结构研究较少。本文对产于陕西省的珊瑚化石采用X射线衍射分析、差热分析、热重分析以及扫描电镜等方法进行分析,研究珊瑚化石的组成、含量以及其显微结构特点。结果表明:这类开采于陕西省的珊瑚化石主要成分是碳酸钙(CaCO3),平均含量高达98.6%;珊瑚化石在700℃左右发生相变,在相变过程中其质量急剧下降,即CaCO3分解为CaO和CO2;内部结构存在着大量的1~5μm孔隙;断口形貌具有类似解理断裂的特点,存在相应的"河流状花样"。本文提出,在珊瑚玉石储藏及加工时要尽量避开酸性物质,避免使其经受高温,最高不要超过650℃,同时加工琢磨刻面过程中要避开解理面,或使刻面与解理面呈一定角度。     

Behaviour of boron,calcium and magnesium in a polluted estuary

Behaviour of industrially added boron in the well mixed Ambika river estuary of South Gujarat, India has been studied along with that of calcium and magnesium. The ratios of Ca : Cl and Mg : Cl at varying chlorinities were always within the normal ranges found in river water at one end and seawater at the other end. B : Cl exceeded the river water end limit at the ebb tide at an upstream station. Percentage addition or removal of boron, calcium and magnesium was calculated using the concept of the theoretical dilution line. The external input raised the boron concentration by 263% in the vicinity of the industrial discharge. A correlation coefficient of ?0·82 between chlorinity and percentage addition or removal of boron supports the theory of boron incorporation in sediments in amounts proportional to salinity. Inverse relationship between percentage addition or removal of boron and suspended solids was observed. Behaviour of calcium and magnesium was in line with the replacement of Ca²⁺ ions occupying the majority of ion-exchange sites in riverine clays by Mg²⁺, Na⁺ and K⁺ during their first encounter with seawater.     

建筑石灰中CaO,MgO的测定

用镍坩埚代替银坩埚,氢氧化钠熔融分解试样。分取两份试验,一份在ｐＨ〉１３的条件下,预先加入适量氟化钾抑制硅的干扰,以三乙醇胺掩蔽铁铝。用ＣＭＰ混合指示,ＥＤＴＡ标准溶液滴定钙;另一份在ｐＨ＝１０的条件下,用酸性铬蓝Ｋ－萘酚绿Ｂ混合指示剂,ＥＤＴＡ标准溶液滴定钙镁含量,差减法求得镁的含量。     

Calcium distribution in soils and stream sediments in Istria (Croatia) and the Slovenian littoral

For experimental geochemical mapping soil was sampled in 5×5 km regular grid in Istria and the Slovenian littoral (Croatia and Slovenia). The territory consists predominantly of karstified limestones and dolomites, and of flysch beds exposed in two basins, Istrian and Brkini. In addition to soil, stream sediment was also collected in the flysh area. Sampling was performed according to an analysis of variance design that permitted one to estimate the effects of the sample medium, geographic position, sampling error and analytical error. The analysis of variance of chemical variables indicated that soil and stream sediment as sampling media lead to similar results in producing geochemical maps. The largest differences with respect to the lithologic substrate of soil is indicated by calcium. As shown by the geochemical map, calcium in soil is high on the Istrian flysch beds, and low on limestones as well as on the flysch beds of the Brkini basin. The two soils also differ in mineralogy. The reason for this difference seems to lie in soil genesis on limestone and on flysch, and in the variable calcium content of flysch beds. The results of Q-mode factor analysis confirmed the adherence of soil and stream sediment of the two flysch basins to two differing groups. This difference was discovered by geochemical mapping. The hypothesis of differing calcium content in the rocks of the two basins was confirmed by the investigation of fresh and weathered rocks and soils in eight profiles sampled in the Brkini and Istrian flysch basin. It was found that the sandstone and calcarenitic samples from the Istrian basin contain an average factor of 3.5 more Ca than those of the investigated Brkini basin, and the samples of Istrian marls 4 times more Ca than those of the Brkini siltstones. Furthermore, the investigated weathered rocks and soils that originated from these rocks in the Istrian basin contain considerably more Ca than in the Brkini basin. In comparison with sandstone and siltstone samples of the Brkini basin, sandstone, calcarenite and marl samples of the Istrian flysch basin contain less clay minerals, quartz and feldspars and more calcite.     

添加氧化铝对微生物修复裂缝影响的分析

微生物修复裂缝技术由于环保经济的特点被广泛关注,但修复效率因混凝土内碱性环境受到很大影响;开展提高该技术的修复效率与效果的研究具有重要意义。探究高碱性环境下Al2O3对微生物钙化的促进作用,然后添加Al2O3对不同裂缝宽度的混凝土试件进行修复,修复中检测浸出液pH值与尿素含量,修复后通过声时值、碳酸钙生成效率、无侧限抗压强度等指标评价修复效果。结果表明：Al2O3能够降低碱性环境对细菌活性的抑制,提升其脲酶活性与碳酸钙转化效率。添加Al2O3使试件浸出液pH值从12降为9,pH值为9时更适合菌种的繁殖,尿素利用率显著提升到81%,提高了碳酸钙的产出率,明显缩短修复时间。添加Al2O3修复试件的声时值接近无裂缝试件,明显优于无添加试件。添加Al2O3后2 mm裂缝试件的碳酸钙生成率为77.32%,远高过无添加试件的20.98%。添加Al2O3修复试件强度恢复远高于无添加Al2O3修复试件,且强度恢复随裂缝宽度减小而增加。因此,混凝土修复过程中添加Al2O3能有效提高修复效率,减少修复时间,为后续实际工程中微生物快速高效修复裂缝提供重要参考。     

钙磷酸盐—BMP多孔复合材料的降解与成骨效应

通过X射线照相术、SEM、EPMA等测试手段研究了钙磷酸盐（CP）多孔陶瓷及钙磷酸盐－骨形态发生蛋白质（BMP）多孔复合材料（CPB）在动物体内的生物降解性、成骨效应以及材料－骨界面的显微结构。用统计学τ检验对CP和CPB两种材料植入体内后的新骨形成速率数据进行了处理。结果表明CPB复合材料的新骨形成速率明显高于CP陶瓷；钙磷酸盐矿物有较好的生物降解性，但在体内完全降解是不可能的；BMP与CP复合后，能明显地加快新骨形成，促进钙磷酸盐矿物的降解；多孔结构亦有利于矿物降解及新骨形成，新骨长入陶瓷孔隙后形成一中种互穿网络结构，使植入部位力学性能得到强化，弥补了材料降解中所导致的力学性能的衰减。据此可以预测，通过适当的孔结构和诱导成骨机制，可以制备出近乎完全降解的生物材料。     

Analysis of Ca+ K plage area for short period variation

We have analysed the observations of Solar Ca⁺K daily plage area for the period 1951-1977 to find evidence for the existence of short period (around 12–13 days) variation in the data. We divided the data in three groups—two corresponding to 10–20‡N and 10–20‡S latitude belts, and one corresponding to the total plage area—and used the power spectrum and autocorrelation techniques for the analysis. Both the techniques clearly show the 27-day periodicity due to solar rotation modulation in all the sets. A 12–13 day periodicity is seen in only 3, out of a total of 57 data sets when autocorrelation technique is used. A generally weak peak around 12–13 days is, however, seen in the power spectrum of all the data sets. The relative power in the 12–13 day peak is found to be significantly higher in those three data sets where the autocorrelation also shows this periodicity. On these two epochs the sunspot area distribution showed the existence of two distinct active longitudes separated by about 140–170 degrees. This seems to be the cause for the existence of a periodicity around 12–13 days in the autocorrelation and enhancement in the relative power of the 12–13 days peak in the power spectrum of these two epochs