英国的自然保护

就英国自然保护区的八种主要类型：国家公园、国家风景区、自然遗产区、自然风景名胜区、遗产海岸、环境敏感区、特殊科学意义区、国家自然保护区;以及自然保护区的保护管理机构分别进行了概略介绍,以便有助于对英国自然保护区的了解。     

A new approach to the Nd residence time in the ocean: the role of atmospheric inputs

Concentrations of rare earth elements (REE) and Nd isotopic ratios were analyzed for seawater, filtered suspension and sediment trap samples collected in the tropical Atlantic Ocean (EUMELI program, EUtrophic, MEsotrophic and oLIgotrophic sites, 20°N, 18°–21°W). This is the first REE/Nd dataset on solution and different-sized particles collected at the same site. We present direct evidence of the Nd isotopic exchange between particulate lithogenic fraction and seawater without significant mass transfer. This exchange is probably one of the main factors that simultaneously constrains the Nd concentration and isotopic ratio budget. We propose a new approach to estimate the residence time of Nd in the ocean (τ_Nd) based on isotopic exchange: 200 yr < τ_Nd< 1000 yr. The exchange requires a partial dissolution of lithogenic Nd. We estimate that the fraction of soluble Nd proportion in atmospheric dust is of the order of 20% based on the isotopic ratios. We suggest that the partial dissolution of atmospheric fallout is probably one of the main REE sources of the ocean.     

塔西南坳陷碎屑储集岩成岩环境及成岩作用类型

碎屑储集岩的成岩环境是控制成岩作用类型的主要因素。根据有机质演化特征、古地温和孔隙介质的酸碱性特征,可将其划分为酸性和碱性两种成岩环境。酸性成岩环境主要分布在早成岩阶段Ａ、Ｂ期和晚成岩阶段Ａ期,古地温＜９０℃,镜煤反射率ＲＯ值在０．５％～１．３％,其所控制的成岩作用包括压实、压溶作用,胶结作用和溶解作用。碱性成岩环境主要分布在晚成岩阶段Ｂ期以后,这时古地温达到９０℃以上,ＲＯ为１．３％～２％,主要成岩作用类型包括强烈的晚期含铁碳酸岩交代作用、自生伊利石和自生绿泥石沉淀作用、陆源伊利石重结晶成绢云母、高岭石向伊利石或绿泥石转变以及构造应力作用等。不同成岩环境中由于成岩作用组合特征的不同,导致碎屑储集岩的结构和孔隙组合特征上的差异,从而影响了储层的储集性能     

清流玮埔地区花岗岩的时代和岩石序列

清流玮埔岩体曾是福建省印支期代表性岩体之一,出露有一定规模,前人把它作为单一的具片麻状构造黑云母二长花岗岩,在１：５万嵩口坪等４幅侵入岩调查中,全面采用侵入岩岩石谱系调查的新理论和新方法,对该岩体进行详细解体,划分出４１个侵入体,建立７个单元,将其归并为廖武坪序列,玮埔单元,盘兰溪序列,并确定了志留纪,三叠纪和晚侏罗纪３个时期的岩浆活动,在对该岩体的时代划分基础上,对不同时代岩石序列,岩石化学,地     

第四纪地质图件和生态与环境图系的编制及展望

近２０年来,随着全球水资源,地质灾害,土壤利用及沙漠化等问题的日益严重,国内外不少部门和专家相应地编制了第四纪地质图件和生态瑟环境系列图件,提高一第四纪研究的水平,也为国土整治提供了科学依据。本篇主要通过这些图件来分析当前第四纪地质图和生态与环境系列图编制的动态和问题。     

中国科学院资源环境科学研究工作的创新与发展

１１９９８年工作回顾１９９８年在以江泽民同志为核心的党中央领导下,在实施科教兴国战略和“迎接知识经济时代,建设国家创新体系”的试点工作中,我们全院从事资源环境科学技术研究的同志,从２１世纪中国发展的战略需要和世界科学前沿的前景出发,重新确定科技发展目...     

中国中央造山带资源环境态势与可持续发展对策

资源与环境是谋求发展的物质基础和重要前提,其合理开发利用是实现可持续发展的重要内容。中国中央造山带富能、富矿、少植被、土地瘠薄,这对该区的经济发展既显示了无穷的诱惑,却又制约着对其的开发利用。对此,从保护利用水土资源、利用资源优势促进经济发展以及发展科技教育与提高人口素质三方面提出建议以促进该区走上可持续发展之路。     

分布式遥感图像处理中的若干关键技术

分析和探讨了分布式遥感图像处理中的主要研究问题和若干关键技术,包括分布式处理模型、支撑环境、网络环境下的遥感数据存储管理、分布式并行处理中数据划分、功能分解以及负载平衡与任务分配等。     

The problem of the Quaternary, geological environment and desertification

 The Quaternary geological environment supplied mankind with a habitat and rich natural resources such as forest, meadow, water, etc. Mankind has developed to modern civilization through a very long history. During the last 100 years the area of desertification has been expanding, natural resources have been consumed, and eco-environments plundered. Mankind felled forests, cultivated grassland, and increased farmland because of unceasing increasing population and the need for materials. In a period of 50–100 years, mankind's destruction could change good meadow into desert. The following examples are evidence: Shangdu grassland in Inner Mongolia and the west grassland of Jilin Province have been changing into desert rapidly. Two concepts of destructive power (D) and bearing capacity (B) can be used to describe this process. When D<B, the ecosystem keeps good circulation, D=B, eco-balance reaches critical state, and D>B, ecosystem loses balance, the environment is destroyed and developed toward desert. The law of destructive power increasing with time accords with logistic curves and can be expressed by a logistic model. Destructive power (D) increases with decrease of bearing capacity (B);D and B represent a reciprocal relation. With a logistic model the developing process of desertification can be studied and the developing rate and strength of change can be forecasted. Received: 20 July 1998 · Accepted: 1 December 1998     

宁夏中卫长流水剖面沉积物中稀土元素及其环境意义

通过对我国西北腾格里沙漠前缘凹地－宁夏长流水剖面第四纪沉积物中稀土元素、分布模式、特征参数和稀土元素之间以及其他元素相关系数研究,探讨了该区河湖相沉积物的物质来源及气候环境演化过程。初步认为该凹地第四纪晚期近７万年以来沉积物经历了三次较大的干冷／温湿气候环境演化并存有４～５次亚一级的气候冷暖阶段性变化。其中在约２．７ｍ处,湖相沉积层中大多稀土元素有突变现象,可能代表了全新世大暖期（９３００～５３００ａＢＰ）在该区的反应。同时,认为风成砂是进入该区沉积体系的主要物源并保留母岩特征,但也不排除凹地周围侏罗纪基岩受风化剥蚀后随水带入沉积体系。该剖面的沉积物大致以风成砂、河流沉积、湖泊沉积旋回叠覆与气候干冷、冷湿、温湿趋于同步变化的模式。总体以干旱荒漠环境为主导,化学风化相对微弱,生态环境十分脆弱。