等高线光滑中不合理尖角钝化方法研究

在等高线光滑过程中,会出现一些不合理的尖角,影响制图效果,本文提出一种钝化尖角的方法,使经过钝化处理后的等高线更加光滑、制图效果更好。试验表明此方法在钝化尖角的过程中,既能够保持等高线的基本形状,又能够钝化尖角,满足生产要求,具有推广使用的价值。     

洞庭湖地区重力资料精细反演解释

用快速准确重力三维正演算法计算白垩系顶面及以上各密度界面的重力异常,采用“剥皮法”从实测重力异常中减去自垩系顶面及以上各密度界面的重力效应后得到剩余异常,由此反演研究区内白垩系底面深度。由于采用快速三维反演算法并顾及地质及航磁异常信息,求得了白垩系厚度,计算出的底板埋深等更为合理、精细,为洞庭地区油气资源基础性研究及评价提供了重要的信息。     

基于长期观测的辽东湾口东部海域水动力特征研究

辽东湾口东部海域是辽东湾与渤海中部进行物质和能量交换的主要通道之一。本文利用坐底式海床基平台获取的近8个月的水动力连续观测资料,通过谱分析和调和分析方法对该海域的潮汐、潮流特征进行分析,并讨论了余流及底层温度的季节变化规律。研究结果表明:该海域潮汐属于不规则半日潮,平均潮差为0.95 m,最大可能潮差为2.27 m。潮流属于不规则半日潮流,M₂分潮流为其优势分潮流。主要分潮流运动形式为往复流,最大流速方向为西南-东北向。余流的季节性特征较为明显:秋季,余流流速在中层达到最大,流向以西南向为主;冬季,余流流速垂向变化较小,并呈西南偏西向流动;春季,流速随深度增加而减小,流向从表层至底层呈现逆时针旋转的特征。受底层潮流、水平温度梯度及海面温度日变化的影响,底层温度表现出短期的高频变化特征:秋季,短期振荡以半日周期信号为主;冬季,全日周期信号较为显著;春季,短期振荡的现象较弱。     

拦河坝砼防渗墙的施工技术

拦河坝砼防渗墙多在砂层与砂卵石层上施工，地基处理根据地质条件选择，施工方法有无导孔挖槽导孔挖槽，冲击成槽，回转钻成槽，锯槽机成槽，锯槽机为新型防渗成墙材料提供了新的施工手段，但有局限性。     

Kirchhoff积分法OBS数据地震波场延拓

针对海底地震仪(OBS)数据基准面校正的特殊性,采用Kirchhoff积分法对中国南海实际OBS资料进行了基准面校正处理,将炮点延拓到OBS所在处的海底面上,取得了预期的效果。分析表明该延拓法对地震波场的分辨率及信噪比影响不大,且与静校正方法相比较,该方法能够得到地下地层较真实的速度场,这对于后续的动校正、叠加等常规处理十分重要。     

Deep‐water dunes on drowned isolated carbonate terraces (Mozambique Channel,south‐west Indian Ocean)

Subaqueous sand dunes are common bedforms on continental shelves dominated by tidal and geostrophic currents. However, much less is known about sand dunes in deep‐marine settings that are affected by strong bottom currents. In this study, dune fields were identified on drowned isolated carbonate platforms in the Mozambique Channel (south‐west Indian Ocean). The acquired data include multibeam bathymetry, multi‐channel high‐resolution seismic reflection data, sea floor imagery, a sediment sample and current measurements from a moored current meter and hull‐mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler. The dunes are located at water depths ranging from 200 to 600 m on the slope terraces of a modern atoll (Bassas da India Atoll) and within small depressions formed during tectonic deformation of drowned carbonate platforms (Sakalaves Seamount and Jaguar Bank). Dunes are composed of bioclastic medium size sand, and are large to very large, with wavelengths of 40 to 350 m and heights of 0·9 to 9·0 m. Dune migration seems to be unidirectional in each dune field, suggesting a continuous import and export of bioclastic sand, with little sand being recycled. Oceanic currents are very intense in the Mozambique Channel and may be able to erode submerged carbonates, generating carbonate sand at great depths. A mooring located at 463 m water depth on the Hall Bank (30 km west of the Jaguar Bank) showed vigorous bottom currents, with mean speeds of 14 cm sec^?1 and maximum speeds of 57 cm sec^?1, compatible with sand dune formation. The intensity of currents is highly variable and is related to tidal processes (high‐frequency variability) and to anticyclonic eddies near the seamounts (low‐frequency variability). This study contributes to a better understanding of the formation of dunes in deep‐marine settings and provides valuable information about carbonate preservation after drowning, and the impact of bottom currents on sediment distribution and sea floor morphology.     

Numerical studies of upwelling in coastalareas of the East China Sea——Ⅰ The tide-induced upwelling

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波浪作用下岸坡和海底平衡条件的研究

提出波浪作用下岸坡和海底动态和静态平衡条件的数学模型。在已建立的推移质泥沙体积输沙率基本关系式的基础上,根据连续方程,计算出底坡、泥沙、波浪三要素在动态和静态平衡情况下的关系式,得出反映这种关系的底坡平衡函数曲线图。用实际资料对这一函数曲线进行了验证,并对实际资料相对模型的某些差异作出解释。     

济阳坳陷新生代主要生油岩系底界面温度分布

依据济阳坳陷千余口测温井的地温梯度数据和地层岩性描述、分层数据以及钻井资料,计算了该区各生油岩系底界面的温度。统计结果表明:济阳坳陷大部分地带沙河街组地层底界面温度介于90～150℃之间,目前仍具有大量生油的温度条件,而在一些凸起地区和斜坡地带,该地层组段温度普遍小于90℃,未能达到生油的温度指标;孔店组地层也具有一定的生油温度条件。研究表明,地层温度与地层界面埋深密切相关,温度随界面埋深的增大而升高,沉积厚度大的凹陷带界面温度大于沉积厚度小的凸起区或斜坡地带,说明地层界面埋深是决定地温高低的主要控制因素,而地温梯度对地层界面温度的影响相对较小。     

A technique for conducting seismic refraction experiments on the ocean bed using bottom shots

A technique has been devised for firing arrays of bottom shots on the ocean bed in depths upto 4000 m or more. Ten kilogram explosive charges are dropped from the surface while the shooting ship is navigated acoustically. They are detonated at preset times by an electronic timer which initiates an electrical detonator, detonating cord and cast PETN/TNT explosive. Ranges to ocean bottom seismographs, and the shot instants, can be calculated from the arrival-time differences of the direct and surface-reflected water waves. The accuracy, which is dependent on water-depth and range, was better than 22 m in range and 14 msec in shot instant for our experiments.