储层流动单元研究在油田老区挖潜中的应用——以吉林油田乾146区块开发为例

吉林油田乾146区块经多年开采,已经进入高含水、高采出阶段。通过储层流动单元研究,运用多参数模糊聚类方法将该区高台子油层由好至差划分为A、B、C、D、E 5类储层流动单元。查明了区内主要目的层系各含油小层的储层流动单元发育特征:40、39小层主要发育A、B类优质储层流动单元,42、41、38小层则以C、D、E类储层流动单元为主,各小层储层流动单元类型及展布与初始产能吻合度较高,表明储层流动单元类型的差异是控制本区油气分布的重要因素之一。综合油藏地质特征及油田开发动态数据,对各储层流动单元的注采渗流体系进行了深入剖析,归纳总结出乾146区块高台子油层XII砂组中剩余油分布的5条规律,据此在剩余油分布预测区部署了1口扩边井和2口老区加密井,投产后分别获得了11.2t/d、5.5t/d和8.6t/d的初始产能。     

略阳─石泉边界地质体特征

略阳─石泉构造带是一板块缝合带，经历了长期复杂的演化历史。现由不同时期、不同构造体制下的断裂构造系统，裹挟不同构造演化阶段的各类建造─蛇绿混杂岩、陆缘楔状体，岛孤岩浆岩及外来岩块等，共同组成了分隔秦岭、扬子地块的一个特殊边界地质体。     

浙闽地区华夏地块新元古代变沉积岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

浙闽地区华夏地块前寒武纪基底上部主要由新元古代龙泉群、马面山群和万全群组成.上述3个岩群的变沉积岩具有相似的岩石组合及主、微量元素地球化学特征, 它们是华夏地块统一基底的重要组成部分.它们主要由片岩类、变粒岩类、石英岩类和大理岩类组成, 其中片岩类和变粒岩类的SiO₂变化于52.89~75.03, TiO₂为0.48~1.05, Al₂O₃为9.19~20.3, ∑REE为(149~323)×10-6, δEu为0.34~0.80, (La/Yb)_N为7.96~15.6, 具中等-强烈铕负异常, 轻、重稀土分异明显; 石英岩类的SiO₂变化于95.49~97.44, ∑REE很低, 在(8.89~15.1)×10-6, δEu=0.63~0.81.原岩性质及构造环境分析表明, 片岩类和变粒岩类的原岩主要是杂砂岩和粘土岩等, 石英岩的原岩为硅铁质沉积岩.所有变沉积岩的原岩均以长英质成分为主, 具有上地壳岩石的地球化学特征, 部分样品显示有古老沉积物的加入; 它们形成于岛弧-活动陆缘环境, 成熟度不高, 属于近源沉积, 与本地区华夏地块基底下部变质岩系岩石(古元古代的天井坪组、八都群、陈蔡群、麻源群)具有相似的物源.      

New P–T constraints on the Tamayen glaucophane‐bearing rocks,eastern Taiwan: Perple_X modelling results and geodynamic implications

New pseudosection modelling was applied to better constrain the P–T conditions and evolution of glaucophane‐bearing rocks in the Tamayen block of the Yuli belt, recognized as the world's youngest known blueschist complex. Based on the predominant clinoamphibole, textural relationships, and mineral compositions, these glaucophane‐bearing high‐P rocks can be divided into four types. We focused on the three containing garnet. The chief phase assemblages are (in decreasing mode): amphibole + quartz + epidote + garnet + chlorite + rutile/titanite (Type‐I), phengite + amphibole + quartz + garnet + chlorite + epidote + titanite + biotite + magnetite (Type‐II), and amphibole + quartz + albite + epidote + garnet + rutile + hematite + titanite (Type‐III). Amphibole exhibits compositional zoning from core to rim as follows: glaucophane → pargasitic amphibole → actinolite (Type‐I), barroisite → Mg‐katophorite/taramite → Fe‐glaucophane (Type‐II), glaucophane → winchite (Type‐III). Using petrographic data, mineral compositions and Perple_X modelling (pseudosections and superimposed isopleths), peak P–T conditions were determined as 13 ± 1 kbar and 550 ± 40 °C for Type‐I, 10.5 ± 0.5 kbar and 560 ± 30 °C for Type‐II (thermal peak) and 11 ± 1 kbar and 530 ± 30 °C for Type‐III. The calculations yield higher pressures and temperatures than previously thought; the difference is ~1–6 kbar and 50–200 °C. The three rock types record similar P–T retrograde paths with clockwise trajectories; all rocks followed trajectories with substantial pressure decrease under near‐isothermal conditions (Type‐I and Type‐III), with the probable exception of Type‐II where decompression followed colder geotherms. The P–T paths suggest a tectonic environment in which the rocks were exhumed from maximum depths of ~45 km within a subduction channel along a relative cold geothermal gradient of ~11–14 °C km^?1.     

气候自然变异在气候变化对水资源影响 评价中的贡献分析——Ⅰ.基准期的模型与方法

基于气候变化影响的水资源评价对水资源规划和管理具有重要意义,随着全球气候变化影响的加剧,这一研究显得越来越紧迫。在目前的气候变化研究中,很少考虑气候自然波动的影响(气候自然变异),常将所有的变化单独归因于气候变化的影响,这在气候变化的影响评价中可能导致错误的理解与判断。气候自然变异分析由于缺乏超长系列的数据资料而长期被人为避开。针对这一问题,本研究提出模型方法体系,通过历史基准期的长系列模拟来分析气候自然变异的影响。选取常用的1961~1990年水文系列作为基准期,提出一种基于拉丁超立方体抽样技术的季节分段抽样模拟方法,实现对气候自然变异的模拟。应用水文模型TOPMODEL对基准期的径流系列进行模拟,基于不确定性分析GLUE方法对基准期内水文模型参数不确定性进行分析,并探讨了气候自然变异的影响。研究结果表明,在气候变化影响评价中,气候自然变异的影响不可忽略,应在气候变化的影响中加以区分和界定。     

Kinematics and geochronology of multistage ductile deformation along the eastern Alxa block,NW China: New constraints on the relationship between the North China Plate and the Alxa block

The NE-trending Bayanwula Shan–Lang Shan is an important tectonic belt lying between the North China Plate (NCP) to the east and the Alxa block to the west. An understanding of its nature and the timing of deformation are essential to understand the relationship between the NCP and the Alxa block. Two phases of ductile deformation have been observed in this belt. Large-scale top-to-the-west ductile thrusting characterized the early deformation in the Bayanwula Shan–Lang Shan. Nearly east–west trending quartz stretching lineations and lineations formed by amphibole and biotite are well developed. Different types of sheath and oblique folds with east–west trending fold hinges are also developed in the region. The shear strain of this ductile thrust is up to 17. The ductile deformation may have resulted from the top-to-the-west thrusting of the northern part of the NCP over the Alxa block, and may have occurred ca. 351 Ma (biotite ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age). Later ductile deformation was expressed as NE-trending sinistral shear along the entire Bayanwula Shan–Lang Shan and likely occurred ca. 250 Ma (biotite and muscovite ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages); this shear may have resulted from the collision between the Yangtze and North China plates to the south during the Triassic. Combined with recently obtained detrital zircon U–Pb ages for the area, the ductile deformation events in the eastern Alxa block indicate that the block may not have been part of the NCP, at least before the end of the Devonian. Both blocks were located in the Paleo-Asian Ocean during the Paleozoic and collided or amalgamated with each other at the end of the Devonian.     

碎屑锆石对班公湖地区晚侏罗世-早白垩世沉积物源的制约

本文对班公湖地区中生代沙木罗组（J3—K1s）和日松组（J3r）地层的碎屑锆石进行了形态学及U-Pb年代学的研究。结果表明：锆石颗粒粒径约为100～150 μm,内部结构清晰,晶体为长柱状,自形程度较高,多数锆石不含暗色包体及浑圆形内核; 有些锆石颗粒有扇型分带结构。Th/U比值较大,多数大于0.1,均值约为0.86,说明岩浆的成因以锆石为主体,部分颗粒或晶体可能为变质成因; 锆石年龄主要分布在6个区间范围内： 1）180～100 Ma, 2）350～180 Ma, 3）600～450 Ma, 4）1100～600 Ma, 5）1800～1400 Ma, 6）2200～1800 Ma。锆石U-Pb年龄谱对应了羌塘地块经历的几次构造热事件,验证了晚侏罗世—早白垩世班公湖地区的物源主要来自其北部的羌塘地块。     

织金区块煤层气合采生产特征及开发策略

针对南方煤层层数多、单层薄,煤层气有效开发难度大的问题,以贵州织金区块煤层气井实际生产数据为基础,分析定向井不同煤组合采、薄煤层水平井生产特征及产气影响因素,并提出相应开发建议。分析表明,不同煤组合采产气差异较大,受地层供液能力、解吸液面高度及合采跨度影响,中、下煤组合采效果好于上、中、下煤组合采效果,其中16/17/20/23/27/30号煤层合采是区块最优合采层位;压裂规模显著影响煤层气井产气效果,压裂规模越大产气效果越好,增大压裂规模,提高压裂改造效果是多煤层煤层气有效开发的重要手段之一;水平井产气效果是定向井3~4倍,薄煤层水平井适应性得到证实,根据地质及地表条件采用水平井、定向井组合开发,可提高多煤层煤层气开发效果。综合认为,在地质条件有利的区域优选合采层位,增大压裂规模,优选实施水平井,可提高多薄煤层煤层气开发效果。