流式细胞术比较研究4种双壳贝类血细胞的分群

应用流式细胞术对太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)、海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)、虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)和毛蚶(Scapharca subcrenata)4种双壳贝类的血细胞分类进行了比较。根据其血细胞的前向角散射光(FSC)和侧向角散射光(SSC)特性的不同将血细胞分群,FSC和SSC二维图分析发现太平洋牡蛎、海湾扇贝和虾夷扇贝的血细胞都可分为3个亚群,即透明细胞、小颗粒细胞和大颗粒细胞,而毛蚶的血细胞只可区分为透明细胞和颗粒细胞2个亚群。同时还对这4种双壳贝类各种血细胞所占比例进行了比较研究,发现各亚群细胞所占比例差异很大。     

Similar reproductive cycles and life-history traits in congeneric limid bivalves with different modes of nutrition

We have studied two congeneric limid bivalves, Acesta species novum and Acesta excavata (Bivalvia: Limidae), that live in similar physical conditions but use different food sources. Acesta sp. nov. live on the giant siboglinid tubeworm Lamellibrachia luymesi at cold seeps and feed on their eggs, a continuous food source that ultimately is derived from chemosynthesis, whereas A. excavata relies on planktonic food of photosynthetic origin, which varies seasonally. We hypothesized that these two species might show differences in the periodicity of reproduction; specifically, we predicted that A. sp. nov. would breed continuously and that A. excavata would demonstrate an annual reproductive cycle. Our hypothesis was refuted, as both species have a semi‐continuous reproductive cycle. Food quality, quantity or seasonality had no clear effect. Reproductive adults are functionally gonochoristic. Females broadcast buoyant eggs with an average size of 179 μm in A. sp. nov. and 160 μm in A. excavata. Both the size of the larval shell and the size of the spawned eggs are suggestive of pelagic lecithotrophic development. Both species also appear to be protandric hermaphrodites, changing from male to female at approximately 77 and 90 mm shell height, respectively, although not all individuals change sex. In the material investigated in this study there was a biased sex ratio favouring males.     

双壳类精子发生的研究

双壳类精子发生过程中,细胞核因染色质的浓缩而体积减小,核形状的变化是染色质浓缩时DNA与蛋白质相互作用的结果。在精原细胞形成精子的过程中,一般认为顶体由高尔基体形成,线粒体的数量和分布与细胞的机能状态有关,其变化有一定的规律性,经历了从分散到聚集,从多到少,从小到大,内含物逐渐丰富的变化过程。细胞质大部分在精子形成中成为多余的物质而被抛弃。     

High-resolution trace element profiles in shells of the mangrove bivalve Isognomon ephippium: a record of environmental spatio-temporal variations?

The shell chemistry of Isognomon ephippium from three Kenyan sites (Tudor, Gazi and Mida) has been investigated to determine whether these bivalves record environmental parameters. The Mg, Sr, Ba and Mn distributions in the calcite shell layer were determined by using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). In addition, whole-shell analyses were made to evaluate inter-site differences. While some variability is observed for mean Mg concentrations, the mean Sr concentrations were similar for the three sites. The decreasing mean Ba and Mn concentrations, following the order Tudor > Gazi > Mida, are related to distinct regimes of freshwater and nutrient supply. The Mg profiles, determined by LA-ICP-MS, displayed a close to regular sinusoidal pattern, depending on specimen and sample site. For the Tudor shells, an arbitrary fitting of the Mg profiles to sea-surface temperature (SST) variations emphasised the good relationship between these two parameters and allowed for the calculation of mean annual growth rates. In most of the shells, Sr partly co-varied with Mg and Ba, highlighting the complexity of Sr incorporation. The Ba and Mn profiles of the Tudor shells displayed several sharp maxima. With a time scale deduced from the Mg–SST relationship, the Ba and Mn maxima of the Tudor shells closely followed periods of maximal rainfall associated with the southeast monsoon. These Ba and Mn maxima were tentatively associated with algal bloom events known to succeed these periods of high rainfall. The less clearly marked seasonality of the Ba and Mn maxima for the Gazi and Mida specimens is thought to result from weaker seasonal variations in nutrient supply and reduced nutrients inputs. This study highlights the potential of I. ephippium as a recorder of spatio-temporal environmental variations in tropical coastal ecosystems.     

扬子板块西北缘下泥盆统平驿铺组双壳类遗迹化石

四川北部广元地区下泥盆统平驿铺组产出丰富的双壳类遗迹化石,但尚未开展过系统的遗迹学工作,也未进行过行为学与古生态学分析。文中针对四川广元马家剖面平驿铺组中部地层开展沉积学和系统遗迹学研究,在陆棚至近滨带下部沉积中共识别出3个属种的双壳类遗迹化石,包括Lockeia siliquaria,Protovirgularia rugosa,Ptychoplasma vagans,以及其他无脊椎动物门类遗迹化石Cruziana problematica,Dimorphichnus isp.,Lophoctenium isp.等。对双壳类遗迹化石的出现方式、形态以及保存特征的分析表明,平驿铺组中部曾出现过2种类型的双壳类,分属具分叉足(原鳃目)和楔状足的类群。原鳃目分布于过渡带和陆棚区,营沉积物摄食生活;受高能事件或沉积物掩埋影响,它们由停息状态变为“逃逸”状态的行为产生了Pro.rugosa。具楔状足的双壳类依生态类型可分为2类：在过渡带与陆棚区,漫游的、营沉积物摄食的类型产生了Pty.vagans;而在近滨下部,滤食性双壳类居群则在不同期次高能事件的间隙对沉积物进行大规模殖居,产生了L.sil...     

山东近岸双壳类体内重金属的研究(英文)

１９９３年和１９９４年,分别在山东沿海地区（长岛、烟台、蓬莱、威海、青岛、崂山、黄岛和胶南）采集了一些常见的底栖生物（蛤、扇贝、贻贝、毛蚶和牡蛎等）,用火焰和无火焰原子吸收分光光度计测定了这些生物体中的重金属（Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｒ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｏ和Ｎｉ）。结果表明重金属的浓度变化较大,取决于生物种类、元素本身和采样点。采用金属污染指数（ＭＰＩ）比较了不同采样点生物体的金属总量,ＭＰＩ的变化顺序为：威海、崂山＜胶南、长岛＜青岛＜蓬莱＜烟台＜黄岛。将双壳类体内重金属的含量与最大允许浓度进行比较,表明在本调查范围内山东沿海地区大多数双壳类可食部分的重金属含量对人类健康还是安全的。     

双壳类软体动物的水产遗传学研究进展

双壳类是水产养殖业中非常重要的养殖贝类,在世界范围其产量日益增长。作者综述了近年来双壳类遗传学研究进展,包括遗传变异、数量遗传、选种育种、杂交育种、染色体及分子遗传学等领域的最新研究进展。     

双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺的检测方法初步研究

研究的目的是探索一种检测双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺含量的方法。以栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)和长牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)为实验对象,研究了取样、抗氧化剂、氧化铝用量以及Tris缓冲液用量等对实验结果的影响。结果表明,高效液相色谱电化学检测器法(HPLC-ECD)可以灵敏高效地对双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺进行定性、定量检测。实验表明,取样时间最长不超过1.5min;还原性谷胱甘肽作抗氧化剂效果较好;前处理各试剂与血样量的最适配比为血样量1.5mL,Tris缓冲液(1.5mol/L,pH8.6)1mL和氧化铝25mg;水洗后离心并尽可能吸干氧化铝中的水分。去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺的回收率分别为53%~69%、47%~73%和48%~56%。     

哈密晚二叠世双壳类化石发现及地质意义

哈密路白山地区黄岗一带原划为大热泉子组中,发现时代属晚二叠世的Palaeanodonta castor,P.fischeri,Palaeomutela urumqiensis,Pneglecta P.verneuili,Oligodon keerjiensis,等淡水双壳类化石,其动物群面貌与乌鲁木齐和吐鲁番上二叠统梧...