城市污染水体生物修复研究

应用人工复氧技术并投加生物制剂及底质改良剂等,对严重富营养化的湖泊水和黑臭河涌水进行了生物修复试验.模拟试验结果表明,在适度的人工复氧前提下,投加生物制剂及底质改良剂等,能够使两种水体的化学需氧量 (CODCr)、总氮 (TN)和总磷 (TP)等污染物的含量均降低 80%以上.用同样的方法进行现场试验,发现 CODCr、 TN和 TP等污染物含量的降幅也能达到 70%左右,相应水体的水质指标基本上达到"地表水环境质量标准" (GB 3838- 2002)地表Ⅴ类水标准,并发现投加的生物制剂及底质改良剂等微生物群体能够壮大污染环境中的土著微生物,对底泥中污染物的降解有一定的促进作用.     

Effects of nutrients on crude oil biodegradation in the upper intertidal zone

To enhance biodegradation, nutrients in the form of slow-release fertilizer (SRF) were applied to oil-contaminated microcosms (3%, v/v) which simulated intertidal environmental systems. Although nutrient concentrations in the interstitial water were not proportional to those in amended SRF, microbial activity, growth of oil-degrading microorganisms, and oil-degradation rate were closely related to the concentration of nutrients in the interstitial water. Adding nutrients at higher dose (microcosm I, 144.4 mg C/kg sand/day, versus microcosm II, 8.5 mg C/kg sand/day) had a positive effect on oil degradation rate, which was especially obvious during the early phase of treatment. Use of pristane, phytane, and nor-hopane as biomarkers enabled the detection of significant treatment differences in hydrocarbon biodegradation, which were not reliable enough when the data were normalized to sand mass.     

反硝化增强去除乙醇对多孔介质渗透性的影响

随着乙醇混合汽油的不断推广应用,乙醇将成为地下水中与苯、甲苯、乙苯及二甲苯的同分异构体（BTEX）共存的一种新型污染物。通过4 个含水砂柱实验,研究了乙醇存在及其强化去除对含水介质渗透性能的影响。结果表明：在有限溶解氧与反硝化增强修复条件下,乙醇去除率达92% 以上;生物过程对介质渗透能力影响程度随乙醇初始浓度、消耗速率与补充频率而变化：乙醇初始浓度接近1 000 mg/L 和3 000 mg/L 时,乙醇消耗快,补充频率高,渗透系数下降总体上有连续性,最大下降幅度达一个数量级（×10-1 cm/s）;乙醇初始浓度达到5 000 mg/L 时,渗透性下降显著,可下降两个数量级,但乙酸的积累可影响生物活性,并使得渗透性变化出现反复;当不含乙醇时,汽油溶解组分对介质渗透性能的影响相对不明显。     

细基江蓠(Gracilaria tenuistipitata)对海水池塘养殖区Cu~(2+)生物修复的初步研究

随着海水养殖业迅速发展,食用海产品重金属(如Cu、Cd等)超标问题日益突出。作为提取藻胶原材料及海洋养殖动物饲料的细基江蓠,可以大规模生长在海水池塘养殖区,有望用于该水域重金属污染的生物修复。本实验通过研究细基江蓠(Gracilaria tenuistipitata)在5个不同Cu2+浓度梯度(0、0.05、0.2、0.8、2.0mg/L)环境下的自身生长状况,及其对Cu2+的吸收富集情况,初步探究了细基江蓠对海水池塘养殖区Cu2+的生物修复能力。实验结果显示细基江蓠对Cu2+有较强的耐受性和吸收富集能力,在0.8mg/L Cu2+浓度下细基江蓠既能保证正常生长,又能吸附水体中最大量的Cu2+。     

Applicability and Limits of Bioremediation of Contaminated Groundwater by Organic Compounds

This paper gives in some ways a broad look at the Bioremediation Technology in the treatment of polluted groundwater. Environmentalists and Hydrologeologists around the world, especially in the developed countries welcomed this revolutionizing technique at a moment when other methods were becoming rather expensive and sources of secondary and more challenging pollution problems across sole fresh groundwater. Bioremediation of contaminated groundwater is based on the use of bacteria which breakdown organic matters to more stable forms, which will not create nuisance or give off foul odors. The Applicability of this technology at a specific site lies in the understanding of the site's hydrogeologic, physiochemical backgrounds and the knowledge of the properties of the designated bacteria colonies, which would likely stabilize the contaminants. These are key points, which determine the success of the all process. Only, by complying with all those measures, Bioremediation can meet all the expectations.     

土壤石油污染的生物修复技术

采用生物修复技术对土壤石油有机污染进行治理以效率高、安全性好、无二次污染、易于管理而受重视。文章结合国内外的最新研究成果。对生物修复的处理过程、技术工艺等方面进行了论述。     

Characteristic regimes for in‐situ bioremediation of aquifers by injecting water containing an electron acceptor

A onedimensional model is developed for simulating insitu bioremediation. The modeled processes are advective and dispersive transport, biotransformation and microbial growth. The biodegradation of the contaminant is limited by the supply of electron acceptor or microbial mass. We distinguish three regimes of oxygen consumption, a low oxygen consumption regime, an intermediate regime and a fast oxygen consumption regime. Parameter variation reveals the influence of the dimensionless numbers on the duration of the three regimes.     

海水养殖环境污染及控制对策

随着我国海水养殖业的快速发展,养殖自身污染日益突出,并逐渐成为近岸海域的重要污染源。本文就海水养殖所带来的饵料污染、化学污染、生物污染及其环境效应等方面进行了综述,并重点从物理、化学、生物修复技术方面提出了海水养殖环境治理及控制对策。     

生物修复技术研究进展及在滨海湿地中的应用

生物修复技术作为一门新兴的环境生物技术，与传统的物理、化学修复技术相比，具有处理费用低、净化效果好、不造成二次污染等优点，因而受到世界各国的关注，并在治理污染土壤、地表水及地下水等方面发挥越来越重要的作用。在回顾近年来生物修复技术发展趋势的基础上，针对滨海湿地的特殊环境，探索在该区域利用生物修复技术治理受污染滨海湿地的可行性。     

地浸采铀矿山地下水环境修复研究进展

地浸采铀技术已成为世界采铀的主流工艺,采区退役后地下水环境修复亦为人们所关注的热点。文章简要介绍了碱法、中性和酸法三种典型地浸采铀技术的特点,系统分析了地浸采铀对地下水环境的影响,并以酸法地浸铀矿山地下水环境修复技术为例,重点介绍了物理化学修复技术和生物修复技术及其原理与应用,归纳总结了其优缺点,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。指出下一步应加强在酸性与氧化环境中能使铀固定并长期稳定的新技术,高活性、强适应性修复菌群的选育、驯化技术,地下水异位-原位协同生物修复技术,以及放射性核素及重金属在铀矿地浸地下水环境中的吸附-解吸、氧化-还原、溶解-沉淀等行为与机理及其主控因素等方面的研究。