LiPF6的水解行为研究

利用直接电位法,采用标准加入的方式测定了不同浓度和温度条件下,LiPF6水溶液中的F-浓度,同时考察了碱处理对LiPF6水解的影响,并采用电导率测定结果进行了验证.实验表明,LiPF6能够在水中稳定存在,且几乎不受碱度和温度的影响.     

Enzymatic hydrolysis of defatted mackerel protein with low bitter taste

Ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction was confirmed as a novel,effective method for separating lipid from mackerel pro-tein,resulting in a degreasing rate (DR) of 95% and a nitrogen recovery (NR) of 88.6%.To obtain protein hydrolysates with high ni-trogen recovery and low bitter taste,enzymatic hydrolysis was performed using eight commercially available proteases.It turned out that the optimum enzyme was the ‘Mixed enzymes for animal proteolysis’.An enzyme dosage of 4%,a temperature of 50℃,and a hydrolysis time of 300 min were found to be the optimum conditions to obtain high NR (84.28%) and degree of hydrolysis (DH,16.18%) by orthogonal experiments.Glutamic acid was the most abundant amino acid of MDP (defatted mackerel protein) and MDPH (defatted mackerel protein hydrolysates).Compared with the FAO/WHO reference protein,the essential amino acid chemical scores (CS) were greater than 1.0 (1.0 1.7) in MDPH,which is reflective of high nutritional value.This,coupled with the light color and slight fishy odor,indicates that MDPH would potentially have a wide range of applications such as nutritional additives,functional ingredients,and so on.     

动物蛋白酶1058水解ti鱼可溶性蛋白质

研究了动物蛋白酶 1 0 58水解鱼是鱼蛋白时 ,酶量、温度、作用时间对鱼是鱼蛋白质水解率和苦味的影响。结果表明 :酶浓度的提高 ,水解时间的延长 ,均使鱼是鱼蛋白水解率明显提高。最适水解温度为 50℃ ,当温度高于 50℃时 ,水解率逐渐下降 ,蛋白酶开始失活。苦味值随水解率提高而增加。用正交试验的方法 ,经综合分析和试验得出 ,该蛋白酶水解鱼是鱼的最佳条件是酶量与底物之比为 1 .5∶ 1 0 0 0 ;温度为 50℃ ;水解时间为 4h。     

即时合成层状双氢氧化物处理酸性大红GR染料实验研究

印染废水是重要的工业污染源之一,研究新的印染废水脱色技术是水污染控制技术领域重要课题之一。以酸性大红GR为典型代表,初步研究了镁-铝盐水解共沉淀法即时合成层状双氢氧化物(LDH)处理阴离子型染料溶液的效果、影响因素和染料去除机理。结果表明,镁-铝盐水解共沉淀法即时合成LDH对酸性大红GR染料溶液有非常好的脱色效果,影响处理效果的主要因素是Mg/Al比和pH值。在pH值8.5~10.0,Mg/Al比2∶1~4∶1,都可以获得较好的净化效果,酸性大红GR染料浓度0.65 mmol/L时,染料去除率达99%。其净化机理是,当在染料溶液中投加Mg2 、Al2 溶解盐和NaOH时,Mg2 、Al3 水解共沉淀形成LDH的同时,染料阴离子以平衡LDH结构电荷的形式进入LDH结构层间,含有染料的LDH通过沉淀分离从溶液中去除。     

无水硝酸镁制备过程中的水解特性

在槽式太阳能热发电领域,硝酸镁基熔盐逐渐引起关注。通过六水硝酸镁煅烧法制备无水硝酸镁,采用拉曼、DSC与XRD表征脱水产物,系统研究了环境压力、脱水温度与时间对六水硝酸镁脱水和水解的影响。结果表明,六水硝酸镁在煅烧过程中水解为碱式硝酸镁Mg_3(OH)_4(NO_3)_2,在水溶液中进一步分解为Mg(OH)_2。随着煅烧温度和时间的增加,脱水产物中的含水量逐渐减少,同时水解产物Mg_3(OH)_4(NO_3)_2含量逐渐增加。真空环境下煅烧,可显著降低硝酸镁的水解反应。六水硝酸镁在真空环境下230℃煅烧1.5 h,所制备的无水硝酸镁中水解产物含量为3.63%。制备的硝酸镁可进一步用于硝酸镁基熔盐的研究。     

The Removal of Dissolved Metals by Hydroxysulphate Precipitates during Oxidation and Neutralization of Acid Mine Waters, Iberian Pyrite Belt

This study examines the removal of dissolved metals during the oxidation and neutralization of five acid mine drainage (AMD) waters from La Zarza, Lomero, Esperanza, Corta Atalaya and Poderosa mines (Iberian Pyrite Belt, Huelva, Spain). These waters were selected to cover the spectrum of pH (2.2–3.5) and chemical composition (e.g., 319–2,103 mg/L Fe; 2.85–33.3 g/L SO₄⁼) of the IPB mine waters. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory to simulate the geochemical evolution previously recognized in the field. This evolution includes two stages: (1) oxidation of dissolved Fe(II) followed by hydrolysis and precipitation of Fe(III), and (2) progressive pH increase during mixing with fresh waters. Fe(III) precipitates at pH < 3.5 (stages 1 and 2) in the form of schwertmannite, whereas Al precipitates during stage 2 at pH 5.0 in the form of several hydroxysulphates of variable composition (hydrobasaluminite, basaluminite, aluminite). During these stages, trace elements are totally or partially sorbed and/or coprecipitated at different rates depending basically on pH, as well as on the activity of the SO₄⁼ anion (which determines the speciation of metals). The general trend for the metals which are chiefly present as aqueous free cations (Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, Mn²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺) is a progressive sorption at increasing pH. On the other hand, As and V (mainly present as anionic species) are completely scavenged during the oxidation stage at pH < 3.5. In waters with high activities (> 10⁻¹) of the SO ₄⁼ ion, some elements like Al, Zn, Cd, Pb and U can also form anionic bisulphate complexes and be significantly sorbed at pH < 5. The removal rates at pH 7.0 range from around 100% for As, V, Cu and U, and 60–80% for Pb, to less than 20% for Zn, Co, Ni and Mn. These processes of metal removal represent a significant mechanism of natural attenuation in the IPB.     

Experimental abiotic alteration of igneous and manufactured glasses

Pits in ocean basalt glass are often attributed to the activity of microorganisms, however, neither the mechanism of formation of pits in glass nor the involvement of microorganisms have been confirmed by experimentation. Experimental abiotic corrosion of basalt glass with 1% hydrofluoric acid (HF), a proxy for more slowly acting organic acids, produces pits that are similar in size, shape, and distribution to pits found in basalt glass collected from the ocean floor and basalt glass incubated with microorganisms. This pit formation by HF etching was demonstrated by comparing secondary electron images taken before and after the acid treatment. The formation of pits by abiotic corrosion of basalt glass is an alternate hypothesis for the origin of these features, and the interpretation of these features as biomarkers may require a resolution of these alternative hypotheses.     

酶解褐藻胶寡糖的HPCE分析方法研究

采用高效毛细管电泳法（HPCE）对酶解褐藻胶寡糖进行了分离分析,考察了缓冲液浓度、pH、电压及温度等参数对寡糖分离的影响.实验结果表明在pH=2.5,100mmol/L 磷酸盐缓冲液中,运行电压20kV,电泳由负极到正极,温度30℃,235nm紫外检测条件下,酶解褐藻胶寡糖获得了高效分离.     

膨化饲料中粗脂肪总量的测定

由于乙醚直接提取法不能完全提取膨化饲料中的脂肪，使粗脂肪的测定结果产生较大的偏低，故本文对酸水解-乙醚提取法进行方法探讨和对比实验.结果表明，酸水解-乙醚提取法测定膨化饲料中脂肪具有较高的准确性和精密度(S/X＜3％).本文方法适宜于膨化饲料中脂肪的测定，并建议用酸水解-乙醚提取法作为挤压膨化饲料中脂类测定的行业标准方法.