印尼某电站基桩的负摩阻力及其措施

基于印尼某电站场地的工程地质条件,根据基桩负摩阻力的产生机理,分析确定了中性点的位置,计算了负摩阻力产生的下拉荷载;并结合膨润土泥浆护壁的作用机理,计算了采取较大直径预钻孔和膨润土泥浆护壁的措施后负摩阻力产生的下拉荷载.计算结果表明,前者大于单桩承载力设计值,因此不能采用预应力混凝土管桩方案;后者较前者显著降低,约为单桩承载力设计值的50%,因此可以采用预应力混凝土管桩方案.     

四川三台膨润土的基本物化性能及其对铅、钴的吸附性研究

对四川三台钙基膨润土的基本物化性能和对Pb^2 ，Co^2 离子的吸附性能作了初步的研究。基本物化性能主要包括化学成分、阳离子交换容量、密度、比表面积、孔径、渗透系数及热稳定性。通过实验得出：1)经过钠化改型并酸化处理后的膨润土的阳离子交换容量(CEC)明显高于未经处理的原土；2)膨润土的最佳酸活化条件为在96℃左右以15％的硫酸活化4小时的性能最佳；3)膨润土土的密度为2．11g／cm^3，颗粒密度钠化土为1．996g／cm^3，原土为2．079g／cm^3；渗透系数为0．013cm／s(20C)；体积平均粒径为30．950μm；比表面积为329．7482m^2／g，平均孔径为33．238nm；4)膨润土对对重金属离子的吸附实验，得出膨润土对重金属离子Pb^2 的吸附性能优于Co^2 ，Pb^2 和Co^2 的吸附比(Rd)分别为167．8ml／g及53．3ml／g；Pb^2 和Co^2 去除率(r)分别为45．87%和21．20％。     

Erosion of bentonite particles at the interface of a compacted bentonite and a fractured granite

Compacted bentonite has been considered as a candidate buffer material in the underground repository for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste. An erosion of bentonite particles caused by a groundwater flow at the interface of a compacted bentonite and a fractured granite was studied experimentally under various geochemical conditions. The experimental results showed that bentonite particles could be eroded from a compacted bentonite buffer by a flowing groundwater depending upon the contact time, the flow rate of the groundwater, and the geochemical parameters of the groundwater such as the pH and ionic strength.

A gel formation of the bentonite was observed to be a dominant process in the erosion of bentonite particles although an intrusion of bentonite into a rock fracture also contributed to the erosion. The concentration of the eroded bentonite particles eroded by a flowing groundwater was increased with an increasing flow rate of the groundwater. It was observed from the experiments that the erosion of the bentonite particles was considerably affected by the ionic strength of a groundwater although the effect of the pH was not great within the studied pH range from 7 to 10. An erosion of the bentonite particles in a natural groundwater was also observed to be considerable and the eroded bentonite particles are expected to be stable at the given groundwater condition.

The erosion of the bentonite particles by a flowing groundwater did not significantly reduce the physical stability and thus the performance of a compacted bentonite buffer. However, it is expected that an erosion of the bentonite particles due to a groundwater flow will generate bentonite particles in a given groundwater condition, which can serve as a source of the colloids facilitating radionuclide migration through rock fractures.     

鄂尔多斯盆地西、南缘奥陶纪地质事件群耦合作用

北祁连造山带和北秦岭造山带在早古生代经历了相似的洋陆转化过程,于奥陶纪时发育了汇聚板块边缘的沟-弧-盆体系,分别形成了北西向展布的北祁连造山带走廊南山北缘早古生代岛弧及弧后盆地和东西向展布的北秦岭造山带早古生代岛弧及弧后盆地。期间,秦岭-祁连洋的俯冲造山作用和鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘沉积类型和内陆湖盆的发展演化之间存在有机的联系,构成了盆-山耦合体系,引发一系列构造事件、火山喷发事件和多种类型的事件沉积等。它们之间存在着一系列成因机制上的联系,有着共同的宏观背景。鄂尔多斯盆地西、南缘在几乎相同时期存在一次构造背景的转变,由被动大陆边缘转化为主动大陆边缘,并诱发了多期火山喷发事件,在盆地西南缘奥陶系形成多套斑脱岩夹层,这些斑脱岩可能为同时期或者稍后的钾盐矿(包括含钾卤水)的形成提供了重要物源。同时,鄂尔多斯盆地南缘由浅水碳酸盐台地陷落为深水斜坡,在盆地西、南缘奥陶系有规律的集中发育重力流沉积(海底扇、浊积岩等)、滑塌沉积和震积岩等事件沉积。从形成机制上,华南板块向北俯冲触发了火山活动和地震,火山喷发在奥陶系集中沉积了多套凝灰岩夹层,地震活动导致同时期大套重力流沉积,并触发相对深水区沉积物向深水区移动,使得重力流沉积转化为浊流沉积,形成了具有良好储层的浊积岩。统计表明,上述事件发育的时间与秦岭地区构造活动相对最活跃的时期基本一致。因此这些分布稳定的凝灰岩薄层和中奥陶世集中有规律分布的重力流沉积砂体为华南板块向华北本快俯冲背景下形成的,它们之间存在耦合关系。     

Wenlock volcanism in the Welsh Basin

Within the Welsh Basin, proximal volcanism of Wenlock age is virtually unknown. However, two vitroclastic tuffs and a turbiditic tuffaceous mudstone have been discovered lying along the eastern side of the basin. Their sources have not been located, but the tuffaceous mudstone and the older tuff are both of riccartonensis Zone age and may be the products of the same event. The younger tuff is of early ludensis Zone age. All three occur in association with bentonites and represent, or were involved in, sedimentary instability. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating from K-bentonite in the top of Ordovician of Wangjiawan Section,Yichang, Hubei,China

The Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Hirnantian Stage (the latest stage of the Ordovician System) is defined at a point 0.39m below the base of the Kuanyinchiao Bed in the Wangjiawan North Section, which is the upper most "golden spike" of the Ordovician. However, this "golden spike" is lack of reliable geochronology data. This article gives a sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMPII) zircon U-Pb dating for a K-bentonite sample from the Kuany-inchiao Bed in the Wangjiawan North Section. The age of the K-bentonite sample is 443.2±1.6 Ma, that is to say, the isotopic age of the uppermost of Hirnantian Stage, the point of Ordovician-Silurian boundary, should be near to, but slightly younger than 443.2±1.6 Ma. This age is identical to the Ordovi-cian-Silurian boundary age 443.7±1.5 Ma as declared by International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). So, this research provides some good geochronlogical data for the Hirnantian Stage and the Ordovician-Silurian boundary as well as the global correlation.     

膨润土研究现状及其作为PRB反应介质的探讨

在阐述膨润土的矿物学特性、类型及其改性方法（包括酸活化、焙烧、无机盐,有机铵盐）的基础上,探讨了其在废水处理、垃圾填埋场和土壤改良中的应用现状,并以膨润土作为反应介质,COD（化学需氧量）、Cr⁶⁺和NH₄⁺为靶污染物,进行垃圾渗滤液对地下水污染的渗透反应格栅（PRB）实验研究,结果表明：pH值和DO（垃圾渗滤液中的溶解氧）对靶污染物的去除效果有一定的影响,且反应介质对COD、Cr⁶⁺和NH₄⁺的去除率分别为53%、51%和53%,此结果说明了以膨润土作为PRB的反应介质是可行的.     

高压实膨润土热湿耦合效应实验室模拟

本文研究了作为高放废物深地质处置库最后一道人工屏障－缓冲层在热湿耦合艇下的宏观表现,通过自行设计的实验,得到了一些有益的启示,初步认为在本研究涉及的时间范围内,水势场对高压实膨润土中温度场分布影响较小,而温度场对其中水分运移有一定影响。文中介绍了有关实验设计、实验步骤,实验结果与分析,对多孔介质中传热传质研究及高放废物深地质处理有一定参考价值。．     

湖南临澧县白土坡膨润土特征及开发应用初探

白土坡膨润土产于第四系下更新统中,矿层稳定、厚度较大,为钙基膨润土,主要矿物成分为蒙脱石,含量３５．７￣４６．８％,其他矿物有石英、高岭石等。矿石中Ｆｅ２Ｏ３含量为５．７２￣６．５１％,白度为２６．５￣３４％。原 工艺技术性能达到铸用膨润土工业指标要求。初步提纯后蒙脱一达５５．２￣６９．３％,钠化处理后湿压强度 为０．１８ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ＾２￣０．２７ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ＾２,热湿拉强 １７．８ｇｆ／ｃｍ＾２     

Research on purification and modification of I/S bentonite

Analyzing raw material＇s structure and performance of bentonite from Panzhihua in Sichuan, the authors think that it is adequate for agglomerant of iron smelting. According to its composition and property we have researched the purification and modification of I/S bentonite under conditions of different dispersants and sodium agent. XRD test result reveals that the essential minerals of Panzhihua bentonite are I/S mixed-layer ones, and FTIR analysis shows that when adding 1.5% sodium pyrophosphate to the bentonite slurry during purification, the composition of quartz in bentonite decreases to less than 4% and I/S is more than 90%. The optimized modification technic conditions are Na2CO3 （4%） and CMC-Na （3%） as modified agents, the clay and water are 10 vs. 1, and the temperature is 75℃. It is 40 min for stirring time and reacting time is 4 h. Under the conditions we can get the modified I/S bentonite with colloid index more than 500 nd/15 g.