非法演绎作品保护新论

总结世界各国立法和我国学者的观点,并结合著作权法的立法价值,提出:非法演绎作品应受著作权法保护,而不宜以民法的不当得利制度进行保护。     

浅谈地质科技档案资料的有偿使用

地质科技档案是宝贵财富,由于封闭式管理模式没有发挥应有的作用,文章通过对地质科技档案在市场经济体制下,实行有偿使用的必要性及其意义作了简要论述,探讨有偿使用的方法,联系实际说明有偿使用地质科技档案的社会效益和经济效益,展示了深化地质科技档案改革给地勘单位带来活力与前景。     

凤凰城景区转让中的利益整合:多中心治理的理论视角

目前，景区经营权转让运作引起了中国特别是欠发达地区景区经营管理体制的巨大变革。实际运作中普遍存在的利益冲突给转让模式运作和景区治理也带来了极大考验，而景区和谐利益格局的建立与维系有赖于各直接利益主体合作形成的多中心治理状态的实现。选择景区经营权转让运作模式的典型之一——湘西凤凰城的个案，以多中心治理理论为范式，分析湘西凤凰城现有的利益格局，进而阐述包括构建第三方监督约束机制，探索新型社区参与机制以及搭建利益互动平台等利益整合的制度安排。     

江苏省睢宁县农村居民点整理潜力分析及效益评价

农村居民点整理是一项复杂的系统工程,整理潜力分析和效益评价是农村居民点整理项目投资前期工作的中心环节,是项目决策的依据。该文在分析睢宁县农村居民点整理潜力的基础上,对整理后的效益进行分析,为东部经济欠发达地区的农村居民点整理提供了参考。     

交通性体力活动与空气污染暴露交互作用下的健康综合效应评价——以南京市为例

针对空气污染问题严重的中国,仅单纯的强调主动式干预建成环境来促进居民体力活动水平,但可能造成居民长期暴露于有害气体中,反而使得居民的健康效益受损。为此,本文以南京市为例,尝试从个体视角分析居民进行交通性体力活动所收获的健康效益。研究发现,并不是只要进行体力活动就是有益身体健康的,需要根据不同的天气状况而定。在空气质量比较好的情况下,体力活动的健康效益占主导地位,而在空气质量比较差的情况下,居民进行体力活动的健康效益不能抵消空气污染暴露造成的危害,活动越多,健康风险越高;在城市内部不同建成环境中进行体力活动的健康效应差异显著,老城区居民交通性体力活动的健康效益高于新城区和主城区,新城区空气污染暴露的健康负效益高于老城区和主城区,而老城区居民进行交通性体力活动的健康“净”效益大于新城区,主城区次之;不同交通小区的健康效应差异显著,体力活动健康“净”效益的热点集聚区是在功能集聚、交通便捷和绿地、水体景观覆盖率较高的区域,而靠近城市主干道、隧道等交通复杂的区域和工业园区是体力活动健康“净”效益的冷点集聚区。本文以期为提出更高效、合理的土地利用规划、设施布局与制定相关的交通政策提供科学依据。     

Fortress conservation at sea: A commentary on the Chagos marine protected area

The world's largest no-take Marine Protected Area in Chagos is examined in light of the Convention on Biological Diversity's provisions on Access and Benefit Sharing, as well as terrestrial experiences with fortress conservation. It is acknowledged that this closure presents a unique opportunity to preserve an ecologically 'pristine' area. However, the means by which the political process unfolded are brought into question. In particular, the fact that the UK proceeded with designating the area whilst the European Court of Human Rights was deliberating the right of native Chagossians to return to the island is questioned. In addition it is argued that the scale of the area poses significant management and enforcement challenges, which are not necessarily taken into consideration in the rush for large, no-take Marine Protected Areas.     

Relationship of Stakeholders in Protected Areas and Tourism Ecological Compensation: A Case Study of Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve in China

The first step to defining the rights, responsibilities and interests of stakeholders and constructing a compensation mechanism is to identify the stakeholders and clarify their mutual relationships. Nature reserves are complex ecosystems involving nature, the economy and society. There exists a conflict between the public welfare benefits of ecological conservation and the private gains to be realized from social and economic development. There also exist in a nature reserve complex relationships among stakeholders, involving the utilization of ecological resources, ecological conservation and ecological-economic interests. The introduction of tourism brings substantial changes to the existing stakeholder benefit structure in a nature reserve. The implementation of tourism ecological compensation (tourism payment for ecological service) is a process for redefining the distribution of rights, responsibilities and profits among stakeholders and it is also an essential way to balance the interests of the stakeholders. This paper uses a case study of Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve in China to examine the characteristics of stakeholders and analyze their interests. According to the method for defining basic attributes proposed by Mitchel and other scholars, in cases of tourism ecological compensation, stakeholders can be classified as definitive stakeholders, expectant stakeholders and latent stakeholders. This paper applies these classifications and then analyzes the relationships between the rights and responsibilities of these stakeholders and how these change after the implementation of compensation. Additionally, based on the impact compensation has on different stakeholders, changes in the relationships can be analyzed and the structure of the stakeholders can be modelled. This case study of the Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve illustrates the operationalization of a new mechanism for tourism ecological compensation. The paper illustrates a method for coordinating the relationships among the stakeholders involved with this national-level nature reserve.     

新疆S214省道防沙体系对近地表风沙流的影响

对新疆S214省道台特玛湖干涸湖盆段防沙体系内外的风沙流输沙和风速进行了同步观测,数据分析表明：观测时防沙体系中阻固沙带已拦截了大量风沙,虽近地表风速被削弱程度不大,但风沙流输沙的43.26%仍可被防沙体系所拦截和固定,而剩余部分则可借助路侧输沙带的较大风力输移到公路下风侧,且不产生路面沙害,表明阻-固-输结合型防沙体系非常适宜单风向强风沙环境。S214省道防沙实践可为其他强风沙环境公路防沙提供重要借鉴经验。     

环渤海地区土地利用效益综合测度及空间分异

土地利用的多功能性决定了土地利用效益的多样化。通过构建土地利用效益评价指标体系、效益测度指数与耦合协调发展度模型,探讨了环渤海地区县域土地利用的社会效益、经济效益、生态效益、耦合格局及其协调发展特征。研究表明:环渤海地区土地利用效益的空间分异性与集聚性特征显著;经济社会中高值区主要分布在沿海地区和内陆平原区,生态高值区以冀西北间山盆地、坝上高原和辽宁山地丘陵区为主;从土地利用效益耦合度类型看,环渤海地区磨合阶段区域数量最多,占研究区的63.9%,集中分布于冀中冀南和山东省;低度耦合、拮抗阶段的区域呈带状环绕环渤海北部地区;高度耦合区域呈现出散乱的点状空间分布格局;协调发展度指数显示,轻度失调区占据主导地位,其次是初级协调区域,滞后失调区域数量较少,分别占环渤海地区总面积的51.09%、31.76%和10.87%。通过划分土地利用类型区,制定差别化区域土地利用政策,加强区域土地管理与规划,建立健全区域利益协调与补偿机制,是今后统筹协调土地利用的社会经济生态效益的重要方向。     

典型海洋开发活动经济产出与资源环境综合效益评估分析

海洋开发活动在产生社会经济效益的同时也造成了海洋资源的损耗,并对海洋环境及其生态服务功能产生影响。根据江苏省海洋资源开发活动特点,筛选出江苏海岸带资源开发中常见的5种典型的开发利用方式,选取了经济效益指标、社会效益指标、资源损耗指标、环境成本指标构成海洋开发活动综合效益评估体系,采用灰色关联法定量分析各项目以及其评价指标对综合效益的贡献程度。其中围海养殖、海上风电、排污倾倒、城镇建设与综合效益的关联度均值分别为0.464,0.459,0.509和0.490;临港工业开发方式与综合效益的关联度均值为0.657,处于较好状态,所以建议优先选择临港工业开发方式,从而得出海洋开发方式的选择依据。