石家庄地面水回渗地下过程的氮行为影响试验研究

石家庄是我国北方地下水位下降较大的城市之一,利用其毗邻滹沱河宽阔河滩,地面水可直接入渗补给地下水的有利水文地质条件,实施地面水回渗地下工程,将具有现实意义.为探索地面水回渗后的水质变化,该文针对地面水在回渗过程中对水质起限制性影响的氮行为作用进行了模拟试验研究.结果显示,利用2 m厚的滹沱河细砂土及与粘土按一定比例的混合砂土层,可对间歇式实施地面水回渗中的铵氮组分形成一定容量的截留去除,并且该截留量又在随回渗次数的增加而缓慢下降,当采用人工增加环境碱度及湿度的办法后可消除这种下降.同时,还显示对回渗水中硝酸氮的去除率不高,但若采用人工添加乙醇碳源和接种优势脱氮微生物菌种方法,硝酸氮的去除率将会得到较大提高.     

地热异常的水槽模型实验

作为地球物理场的一个分支,地温场在理论和应用研究方面与其它地球物理场一样,也主要是依靠数学方法和物理模型实验的方法来进行的。本文讨论了地热异常水槽模型实验的理论原理;介绍了实验方法技术、实验结果和实际应用效果。     

An Examination of Behavior and Hazards Faced by Physically Disabled People During the Loma Prieta Earthquake

There is a need to study hazards faced by physically disabled people during earthquakes. A literature review showed the importance of occupant behavior as a factor that contributes to casualty during earthquakes. A survey questionnaire was used to study the behavioral responses of 33 disabled residents, none of whom sustained injury, during the Loma Prieta earthquake of 17 October 1989. An occupant risk analysis methodology was developed to study the sequence of activities of the disabled people. Severe restrictions in the physical capabilities of the respondents did not appear to increase their exposure to hazards. Overall, the physically disabled occupants did not think of themselves as vulnerable, and those who felt vulnerable initiated self-protective action in response to the hazards present in their immediate surroundings.     

The frictional behavior of lizardite and antigorite serpentinites: Experiments,constitutive models,and implications for natural faults

Laboratory studies of the frictional behavior of rocks can provide important information about the strength and sliding stability of natural faults. We have conducted friction experiments on antigorite and lizardite serpentinites, rocks common to both continental and oceanic crustal faults. We conducted both velocity-step tests and timed-hold tests on bare surfaces and gouge layers of serpentinite at room temperature. We find that the coefficient of friction of lizardite serpentinite is quite low (0.15–0.35) and could explain the apparent low stresses observed on crustal transform faults, while that of antigorite serpentinite is comparable to other crustal rocks (0.50–0.85). The frictional behavior of both types of serpentinite is well described by a two-mechanism model combining state-variable-dominated behavior at high slip velocities and flow-dominated behavior at low velocities. The two-mechanism model is supported by data from velocity-step tests and timed-hold tests. The low velocity behavior of serpentinite is strongly rate strengthening and should result in stable fault creep on natural faults containing either antigorite or lizardite serpentinite.     

Diurnal freeze–thaw depth in rockwalls: Field measurements and theoretical considerations

Rock temperatures were monitored for a year at two alpine rockwalls in the Akaishi Range, Japan, where permafrost is absent. Diurnal frost and thaw penetration depths were evaluated from subsurface isotherms drawn on the basis of the temperature records at 0, 10 and 40 cm depths. The surface of the rockwalls experienced more than 100 diurnal freeze-thaw cycles, most of which accompanied a frost or thaw penetration shallower than 50 cm, and several long duration cycles with deeper frost or thaw penetration. Theoretical frost and thaw depths were also calculated by incorporating the surface freezing indices into the modified Berggren equation, the results from which were then compared with the actual values. The modified Berggren equation provided values that showed a strong correlation with observed depths, despite somewhat underestimating the actual values. Using the modified Berggren equation, the seasonal frost depth in the observed winter was estimated to be about 4·5 m. The frost and thaw depths are considered to give the maximum estimation of the depth to which frost-induced cracking can propagate in the bedrock.     

从铜的地球化学行为探讨常宁铜鼓塘富铜矿床的成因

常宁铜鼓塘富铜(银铀)矿床,以Ⅵ号主矿体为代表,具有以辉铜矿为主的矿物组合。本文根据Cu、(Ag)的地球化学行为,阐述了不同条件下,Cu、Fe与S、O的亲疏倾向,从而形成各矿体独具特色的矿物共生组合特征。进而讨论了矿床的特定成矿环境和典型岩溶成因。最后,笔者综合分析了多种有利成矿因素,指出金鸡岭背斜及其以北地段,是普查同类型富铜矿床的远景地区。     

地震前虎皮鹦鹉(Melopsittacus undelafus L.)叫声的模式识别

近年来,我国多数地震动物观察站(SAOS)监测虎皮鹦鹉(BG=budegerigar)的叫声频度与地震的关系,并取得了一些观测结果。但是,所用的声记录仪未能考虑BG叫声的声学特性,而不能分辨BG不同的叫声和进一步提取震兆性叫声模式(EPCP),并易受到环境噪声的干扰而产生误计数。 据此,分析了BG不同声行为叫声的声学特性。BG叫声大致上可分为单次叫声(SC)、变音调叫声(VTC)、单音节和多音节抗议叫声(MoSPC和MuSPC)。由此,进一步研制了它们的模式识别系统。该系统是以单片机为核心的微处理机,对BG叫声进行预处理、编码、分析、显示和打印输出。 观察结果表明,在高声场旅游飞机噪声(TAN)干扰下,该系统的BG叫声识别率(CRR)为66.7％,而对TAN没有误计数。在含10次不同声强的TAN干扰(432秒)的30分钟内,该系统记录了588次叫声(SC、VTC、MoSPC和SPC分别为377、22、20和169次),仅丢失65次叫声,其CRR平均为90％。但是,SAOS目前使用的声记录仪,这10次TAN干扰所产生的误计数可能约为BGU叫声的2.6—13倍。 由此可见,这种模式识别系统不仅可满足于BG不同叫声的识别,且具有良好的抗噪声功能。这就使之可为地震前BG声行为观测提供更有用的信息。不仅可给出BG叫声频度的昼夜节律变化与地震的关系,并可为揭示BG的EPCP提供一定的依据。     

虎皮鹦鹉夜叫声量异常与地震关系的分析

本文根据江苏省东台市Ｊｉａｎｇ港农场综合地震测报点微观观测虎皮鹦鹉的实验资料，详细介绍了１９８５年以来记录到的两次地震前鹦鹉异常反应。并对观测条件和方法、资料的可靠性、异常指标的确定，地震前兆异常与非震异常特征及其鉴别方法等分别作了介绍和讨论，还对动物的微观观测可能成为监视地震的一种有希望的短临前兆手段，进行了估评。     

弦支穹顶结构的抗震性能研究

弦支穹顶是一种受力性能优良的结构体系，它综合了单层网壳结构和索穹顶结构的优点，详细分析了影响弦支穹顶结构自振特性的各类参数，指出了边界条件对结构抗震性能的决定性影响。研究表明：当采用径向滑动边界时，即边界节点竖向和法向受到约束而容许径向在水平面滑动时，局部布索的弦支穹顶具有较佳的抗震性能；当边界条件相同时，弦支穹顶在水平地震和竖向地震作用下反应相似，只是程度上不同。     

不同型式暗支撑短肢剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

本文选取短肢剪力墙结构体系中较为薄弱的抗震构件“一”形短肢剪力墙，采用不同的暗支撑型式进行了两个1／2缩尺的带暗支撑短肢剪力墙构件的低周反复荷载试验，比较分析了它们的承载力、刚度、延性、滞回特性、耗能能力及破坏机制，建立了其承载力计算模型与方法。计算结果与实测值符合较好。