沉积物供给影响下厦门岛东南部海滩响应差异性研究

以厦门岛东南部海滩为例,基于10条剖面连续6年野外实测地形数据,利用经验正交函数分析方法（EOF）提取海滩变化的主要模态,分析海滩中长期蚀淤变化特征及其控制因素。EOF提取方差总占比超过90%的前三种模态反映研究区海滩时空演变特征：沙源条件对海滩蚀淤过程起主导作用为第一模态,受上游沙源条件及沿岸输沙方向影响,海滩剖面在纵向上存在差异性,研究区北侧剖面持续淤积,南侧剖面则呈现侵蚀状态;第二模态为波浪季节性变化导致海滩滩肩在冬季变窄和夏季变宽之间旋回;人类活动影响滩面形态变化为第三模态,人类活动对岸滩形态及其变化产生一定影响,其中人工构筑物对研究区海滩影响较大。从多年海滩变化来看,沙源条件控制海滩响应差异性,沉积物供给充足的海滩形态变化幅度及系统可调节范围比沉积物匮乏海滩大,泥沙供给贫乏的海滩地形变化幅度虽小,其系统缓冲能力及自适应能力却弱。     

Tidal exposure or microhabitats: what determines sandy‐beach nematode zonation? a case study of a macrotidal ridge‐and‐runnel sandy beach in Belgium

Lately, across‐shore zonation has been found to be more important in structuring the nematode community of a tropical macrotidal sandy beach than microhabitat heterogeneity. To evaluate whether this zonation pattern applies to a temperate beach, a macrotidal ridge‐and‐runnels sandy beach in the North Sea was studied. We investigated whether a similar zonation occurs in sandbar and runnel microhabitats, and whether the runnels harbour a different community from the subtidal. Our results indicate that nematode communities from runnel and sandbar habitats are significantly different. In addition, horizontal zonation patterns for nematode communities differ between both habitats. Nematode assemblages from sandbars are divided to lower, middle and upper beach while upper and middle runnels cluster together. The subtidal and upper runnels showed dissimilar nematode assemblages, although runnels showed the same dominant species (Daptonema normandicum), which increases its abundance towards the upper runnels. This study illustrates the importance of microhabitat heterogeneity, which resulted in different zonation patterns across the sandy beach examined. The divergent zonation between sandbars and runnels in the macrotidal temperate sandy beach, compared with the pattern observed for a subtropical sandy beach with similar morphodynamics, indicates that generalizations about nematode distribution patterns should be made with caution.     

遥感技术在沿海滩涂提取中的应用

基于遥感技术,利用TM多光谱影像和SPOT全色影像,在遥感影像处理软件ERDAS 8.7中进行几何配准、IHS融合,采用监督分类的方法,对福州市长乐地区的沿海滩涂进行自动提取,并结合地理信息系统软件Arc-GIS DeskTop 8.3制作滩涂提取专题图。结果表明,遥感技术用于沿海滩涂监测,具有科学性和直观性,是传统方法无法比拟的,能更好地为滩涂管理相关部门的规划和管理提供实时、准确的依据。     

Beach sediment temperature variations through depth and time

Data obtained from a site at mean tide level on Belfast Lough, Northern Ireland, show temperature fluctuations on various timescales. Hourly means differ markedly from month to month but are similar for different depths during the same month. The short-term temperature fluctuations recorded at the surface are largely dissipated at a sediment depth of 20 cm with the proportion of total flux occurring at any depth remaining similar irrespective of the absolute temperature range. It is suggested that temperature flux ratios may provide an objective in situ assessment of beach exposure and/or water flow through sediments. A plea for a standardized methodology is made.     

Grain-size spectra maps of beaches in W. Peloponnese, Greece

Grain-size spectra maps of sands from beaches of the western Peloponnese are related to statistical parameters and can be used to infer characteristics of the sedimentation process involved which were unresolved by previous statistical analysis. On the basis of similarities in spectral patterns, the studied beaches fall into four groups: A, B, C, and D. The periodicity observed on the sinuous pattern of the spectra map of groups A and B is interpreted as indicating edge-wave activity. Regarding group D, the gradual W—E increase of particle size along the coast suggests a W—E increase of wave energy, which is also reflected by the inclined trend of the spectra map. Lack of periodicity on the contour pattern of group C probably reflects intensive sample-to-sample sorting variation.     

Preliminary hydrodynamic results of a field experiment on a barred beach, Truc Vert beach on October 2001

A field experiment conducted on a sandy barred beach, situated on the southern part of the French Atlantic coastline, allowed us to investigate the impact of the intertidal bar on the wave-energy dissipation on the beach face in presence of a high-energy long-incoming swell (significant wave height of about 1.7 to 3.0 m in 56 m water depth and significant wave period about 12 s). Data were collected along three parallel cross-shore transects deployed along an intertidal ridge and runnel system. Wave heights in the inner surf zone are depth-limited, consistent with previous works, and the wave-energy dissipation in the inner surf zone appears to be relatively independent of the offshore energy level. On the other hand, the presence of the bar seems to scatter the data. In models of surf-zone hydrodynamics, wave-energy dissipation is often parameterized in terms of , the ratio of the sea-swell significant wave height to the local mean water depth. The observed values of are not constant along a cross-shore transect, and increase onshore. Furthermore, the observed values observed onshore the intertidal bar are higher than those observed outside the influence of the intertidal bar, and this cannot be fully explained by the different local beach slope.Responsible Editor: Iris Grabemann     

基于无人机航空摄影技术的厦门滩涂养殖调查

近年来随着实时化测绘的需求增加,无人机航空摄影发展迅速.无人机航摄具有运行成本低、执行任务灵活性高等优点,是遥感数据获取的重要手段.本研究论述了利用无人机对厦门市翔安区滩涂进行航空摄影制作1∶2 000正射影像的方法,其成果用于滩涂养殖信息调查.     

李官海滩旅游规划的客源市场分析与容量测算

文章在通过对辽宁省大连市李官海滩的客源市场进行实地调查的基础上,结合引力模型,还考虑到影响李官海滩旅游市场开发的的因素,运用比例缩小法和类比法分析李官海滩旅游规划的客源市场结构,并根据李官现有的旅游环境和设施接待能力,综合分析李官海滩旅游开发的客源容量。对比分析李官客源地的居民生活水平,以距离衰减规律为依据,预测出客源市场规模,并将客源市场进行分级分类。     

Numerical study of pollutant transport in the sea-bay with mild slope beach

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SHORT COMMUNICATION­­A field experiment of cusp formation on a coarse clastic beach using a suspended video‐camera system

Cusp formation was continuously monitored on a manually flattened, plane section of a coarse clastic, microtidal, pocket beach on the Pacific coast of Japan using a CCD camera suspended in the air. Vertical video pictures enabled the examination of the temporal change in foreshore morphologies and swash pattern. Boulders on the beach face appeared to have triggered the formation of beach cusps, which gradually and successively grew up alongshore. In 2·5 h, two well defined beach cusps had developed with a spacing of 2·2 and 2·5 m, respectively. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.