Phylogenetic analysis of epibacterial communities on the surfaces of four red macroalgae

Macroalgal surfaces are prone to being attached by bacteria. Epibacterial community structures on marine macroalgae are host-specific but temporally and spatially variable. In this study, we investigated the structure of epibacterial communities on the surfaces of four red macroalgae, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, Gloiopeltis furcata, Mazzaella sp. and Porphyra yezoensis, by analyzing the sequences of 16 S r RNA gene libraries. Healthy individuals of all macroalgae species were collected in winter from a farm at Dalian, China. The results showed that the epibacterial communities were mainly dominated by α-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Deinococcus-Thermus, Spirochaetes and ε-Proteobacteria were also found. The majority of cloned sequences shared the greatest similarity to those of culturable organisms. A large portion of sequences from the α-Proteobacteria homed in Roseobacter clade, i.e., genera Ahrensia, Roseovarius, Litoreibacter, Octadecabacter, Thaiassobacter and Sulfitobacter, while members of Bacteroidetes mainly belonged to family Flavobacteriaceae. The cloned sequences could be separated into 66 OTUs at 0.01 distance value, and rare common OTUs were found among libraries. At genus level, Pseudoalteromonas dominated Gr. lemaneiformis and Gl. furcata libraries, accounting for 72.2% and 47.3%, respectively. Sulfitobacter dominated P. yezoensis library, accounting for 35.4%. A previously undefined cluster within Deinococcus-Thermus dominated Mazzaella sp. library, accounting for 24.6% of the all. These results indicated that a broad range of bacteria inhabited the surfaces of these macroalgae.     

ISOLATION OF PLASMID FROM THE BLUE-GREEN ALGA SPIRULINA PLATENSIS

CCC plasmid was isolated from an economically important blue-green alga- Spirulina platensis (1.7×106 dalton from the S6 strain and 1.2×106 dalton from the F, strain) using a rapid method based on ultrasonic disruption of algal cells and alkaline removal of chromosomal DNA. The difference in the molecular weight of the OOC DNAs from the two strains differing in form suggests that plasmid may be related with the differentiation of algal form. This modified method, which does not use any lysozyme, is a quick and effective method of plasmid isolation, especially for filamentous blue-green algae.     

青岛沿岸海区海藻体中DMSP含量测定

实验研究海藻体中二甲基硫基丙酸酯（Ｄｉｍｅｔｈｙｌｓｕｌｆｏｎｉｕｍｐｒｏｐｉｏｎａｔｅ,ＤＭＳＰ）的简单测定方法。改进顶空进样方法灵敏度低的缺点,采用碱解和萃取吸收同时进行气相色谱火焰光度检测法测定不同种类的底栖藻中所含的ＤＭＳＰ。并以此测定不同季节胶州湾部分地区近岸表层水体浮游藻所含的ＤＭＳＰ,同时还测定水体中的磷酸盐浓度。结果表明在底栖藻中ＤＭＳＰ含量随季节呈现一定的规律性变化,不同藻体内ＤＭＳＰ含量相差可达两个数量级,而单位水体微藻中的ＤＭ－ＳＰ亦随季节呈现一定的规律性变化     

Effect of nitrogen to phosphorus ratios on cell proliferation in marine micro algae

The ratio of nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) is known to affect cell proliferation of some marine micro algae. We evaluated the effect of N/P ratios on the proliferation and succession of phytoplankton using five marine micro algae species. We used two sources of nitrogen, NH4Cl (N1) and urea (N2), and a single source of phosphorous, NaH2PO4(P). The optimal N/P ratio that differed among the five species was affected by the source of nitrogen, being as follows (N1/P, N2/P in order): Thalassiosira sp. (30/1, 20/1),...     

环境因子对2种南极绿藻脂肪含量和脂肪酸组成的影响

通过气相色谱方法对南极冰藻的脂肪酸进行了分析,发现环境因素对2种绿藻总脂含量有一定的影响：(1)温度对Pymmixtomonas sp,总脂含量影响不大,一般为8．3％～8．9％,Chlorophyceae L-4在2℃时的总脂含量最高为10.33％;(2)光强显著地影响这2种绿藻脂肪在细胞内的积累。随着光强由限制生长的39 lx增加到3900 lx,2种绿藻的脂肪酸含量降低：(3)盐度的提高有利于2种绿藻脂肪的积累;(4)营养盐的限制也利于2种绿藻脂肪的积累。在氮源缺乏条件下,Pyramidomonas sp,和Chlorophyceae L-4细胞内脂肪大量积累,含量分别是以NH4Cl为氮源的2．2和3.2倍。环境因素对2种绿藻脂肪酸组成和含量的影响不同,其脂肪含量的改变反映了南极冰藻生长的改变。环境因子能够影响这2种绿藻的脂肪含量,同样也影响到它们的生长。在适合南极冰藻生长的条件下,脂肪酸积累降低;反之,在南极冰藻生长受到限制的条件下,脂肪合成增加。这表明2种绿藻的脂肪含量随生存环境的变化而变化。环境因子同样影响到2种绿藻的脂肪酸组成,尤其是不饱和脂肪酸的组成和含量,但组成和其生长不存在相关性。环境因子(温度、光强、盐度和营养盐)对2种绿藻脂肪酸的测定结果表明,在2种绿藻中,多不饱和脂肪酸的含量高于单不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸。因此。这2种绿藻可望为多不饱和脂肪酸的开发利用提供藻种资源。     

鱼腥藻对某些金属离子的吸附效应研究（Ⅰ）

初步探讨了鱼腥藻对Mn~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的生物吸附特性;研究了金属离子浓度与溶液pH值对吸附行为的影响;展示了某些藻类在分离富集中的应用前景。     

鼻形鹿角珊瑚对不同温度的响应及白化研究

通过突然升温和缓慢升温2种不同的模式,探讨了不同水温对我国一种鹿角珊瑚Acropora nasuta白化的影响,同时也探讨了珊瑚在白化过程中的适应机制。结果表明,在突然升温模式下,高温(34℃)对共生藻光合系统有非常大的破坏作用。在缓慢升温模式下,共生藻对高温(34℃)表现出了一定的耐受性。在两种不同的升温模式下,共生藻密度与单位面积叶绿素a含量的变化较一致,却与单位共生藻叶绿素a含量的变化不一致。总体而言,共生藻密度与单位面积叶绿素a含量对温度较为敏感。当单位共生藻叶绿素a含量明显下降时,珊瑚已经遭遇到较为严重的环境压力。     

二次电泳法分离管藻目绿藻PSI亚复合物研究

通过PAGE分离管藻目绿藻刺松藻和假根羽藻的PSI复合物CPIa，和CPI，二次电泳分析得到了多种亚复合物组分，其中包括PSI捕光复合物LHCI和不含LHCI的核心复合物CCI等。该方法研究为进一步研究管藻目PSI复合物的结构打下了基础。     

淮北晚前寒武系交织丝藻的发现及其地层意义

本文旨在介绍安徽淮北地区多细胞交织丝藻的属、种特征，及其在地层对比与丝状藻演化方面的意义。     

Botryococcus—A planktonic green alga, the source of petroleum through the ages: Transmission electron microscopical studies of oil shales and petroleum source rocks

The hydrocarbon secreting alga Botryococcus has been identified in organic remains of sediments ranging from Precambrian to Recent, and is believed to have been a major source material for petroleum generation throughout the geological time. In some petroleum source rocks of Lower Palaeozoic and Precambrian age, identification of the alga is only possible by electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been used in the present study to identify microstructures of the algal remains in a range of oil shales and petroleum source rocks. It has been established that Botryococcus is the predominant alga in the Kukersite oil shale of Estonia. Similarly, the alga has been shown to be a major contributor to petroleum source rocks in Cambrian and Precambrian sedimentary basins in Australia. TEM has been applied to observations of Botryococcus in torbanites and to products from simulated maturation experiments on torbanite. A comparison with algal remains from Cambrian and Precambrian sediments ranging from undermature to overmature, enabled the distinction of organic matter in various stages of oil generation. Maturation/thermal effects on alginite have been established by reflectance and fluorescence, and compared with experimental results.