氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法则定锑精矿中的微量砷

使用氢化物发生—原子荧光光谱法测定锑精矿中的微量砷在国内外报道较少。文章在锑干扰状况试验、高锰酸钾溶液消除干扰的最佳条件选择试验、锑精矿中共存元素的干扰和消除试验的基础上,对样品进行了实测,并就其灵敏度、准确度和精密度进行了讨论。研究表明,该方法是测定锑精矿中微量砷的有效方法。     

Geochemistry of arsenic in the Huanghe (Yellow River) and its delta region — A review of available data

Water and suspended sediment samples from the Huanghe and its delta region were analyzed to determine arsenic concentrations. Comparison with the data of previous studies and other world pristine and less disturbed rivers reveals high levels of both dissolved and particulate As in this high turbidity river. Relatively stable distribution along the river course and in delta sediment cores shows that antrhopogenic activities have not altered As concentrations by any significant magnitude since the 1940s. Therefore, high levels of As in the Huanghe should be controlled by natural weathering and lithology. In the estuary, biological removal/regeneration and abiotic events (e.g. remobilization) have been identified to cause the active (non-conservative) As distributions. With the limited data set of the present study, the abiotic and biological contributions cannot be assessed accurately, however.     

The behaviour of dissolved arsenic in the estuary of the River Beaulieu

The chemical forms and distribution of dissolved arsenic species in the estuary of the River Beaulieu (Hampshire, U.K.) are reported. ‘Inorganic arsenic (V)’ in both the marine and riverine estuary inputs are in true solution, passing through ultrafiltration membranes having a nominal molecular weight cut-off of 500 daltons. Extensive removal of dissolved ‘inorganic arsenic (V)’ is apparent from the distribution of arsenic in the estuary, with laboratory mixing experiments indicating that removal is favoured in the low salinity region. ‘Inorganic arsenic (III)’ and methylated arsenic species account for up to 41% and 70% of the dissolved arsenic, respectively, but are only found during the warmer months when water temperatures exceed ca. 12°C.     

土壤环境中砷元素的生态效应

论述了各环境介质中砷元素的分布特点,指出土壤第Ⅱ环境中的砷主要来源于人为活动。砷主要富集于土壤表层,且主要以稳定矿物形式存在;但当土壤砷总量高时其可溶性砷量亦相应高,砷在土壤中易形成Fe、Al、Ca型砷化物而被固定;当土壤pH值增高至中性或碱性时,砷易转化为迁移能力更强、毒性更大的三价砷。砷对作物、人体生态系统危害作用明显,砷通过蔬菜对人体的危害甚于谷物,应采取有效措施防治土壤中砷污染。     

微波辅助提取-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中无机砷

建立了微波辅助提取-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中无机砷的分析方法。用正交试验设计结合单因素试验优化了样品粒度、提取温度、提取时间、固液比等微波提取条件，研究了共存离子对无机砷测定的干扰情况。方法的线性范围为0．25～40．0μg/g，无机砷的检出限为0．05μg/g，样品加标回收率为92．9％～105．0％。方法的精密度（RSD，n=11）为0．3％。与水浴提取法相比，微波辅助提取法具有快速、高效的优势。方法已用于分析3个不同产地有代表性土壤中无机砷含量。     

从桂西地区金砷汞锑元素的区域分布探讨金的物质来源

文章分析对比了桂西地区Ａｕ、Ａｓ、Ｈｇ、Ｓｂ元素的时空区域分布,并经与岩石样对比,发现上古生界以碳酸盐岩为主的地层为高背景,三叠系为低背景,Ａｕ的高背景区呈ＮＷ向展布,这与右江裂谷区地壳演化的独特历史有关。桂西地区上古生界金主要来自深源,三叠系碎屑岩中金主要来自陆源。从Ａｕ元素丰度与存在形式考虑,高背景的碳酸盐岩夹泥岩、硅质岩、火山岩建造及毗邻的碎屑岩对金成矿更有利。     

碱性体系在线氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定铜矿石中痕量砷锑铋

建立了一个碱性体系在线氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定铜矿石中痕量砷、锑、铋的分析方法。设计了在线氢化物发生流路及操作程序。选择了碱性体系氢化物发生的各项最佳条件,避免了Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ等大量基体元素的干扰。方法检出限为Ａｓ０．６μｇ／Ｌ,Ｓｂ０．４μｇ／Ｌ,Ｂｉ０．９μｇ／Ｌ,Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ｂｉ的工作曲线均在０～４００μｇ／Ｌ内呈良好的线性,经铜矿石国家一级标准物质分析验证,砷锑铋的测定结果与标准值吻合,相对标准偏差（ＲＳＤ,ｎ＝５）在４．２％～８．８％。     

Delineation of spatial redox zones using discriminant analysis and geochemical modelling in arsenic‐affected alluvial aquifers

This study characterized the redox conditions in arsenic‐affected groundwater aquifers of the Lanyang plain, Taiwan. Discriminant analysis was adopted to delineate three redox zones (oxidative, transitional and reductive zones) in different aquifers and yielded 92·3% correctness on groundwater quality data. Arsenic is mainly distributed in the reductive zone, and arsenic distribution in the shallow aquifer is mainly affected by surface activities. According to PHREEQC modelling results, possible mechanisms for arsenic release to groundwater in Lanyang plain are explored. Arsenic released to groundwater in the oxidative zone (zone 1) is primarily caused by the oxidations of arsenic‐bearing pyrite minerals, and arsenate is the predominant species. While the reductive dissolution of Fe‐oxides are responsible for the high arsenic concentration found in the transitional and reductive zones (zones 2 and 3), arsenite is the predominant species. The reduction potential of groundwater rises as the depths and zones increase. Some sulphates may be reduced to form sulphide ions, which then react with arsenic to form arseno‐sulphide deposits (such as realgar, orpiment) and then slightly lower groundwater arsenic concentrations. A conceptual diagram which summarized the possible release processes of arsenic in different redox zones along groundwater flow in Lanyang plain is postulated. Arsenic‐bearing pyrite and arsenopyrite (FeAsS) are oxidized as they are exposed to the infiltrated oxygenated rainwater, releasing soluble arsenate Fe(II) and SO₄^2? into zone 1. The dissolution of arsenic‐rich Fe‐oxides due to the onset of reducing conditions in zones 2 and 3 is responsible for the mobility of arsenic and likely to be the primary mechanism of arsenic release to groundwater in the Lanyang plain Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

春季水华对南黄海总溶解态无机砷生物地球化学行为的影响

利用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)对2007年3月30日至4月23日南黄海海域总溶解态无机砷(TDIAs,[TDIAs]=[As5+]+[As3+])的含量进行了测定,其中针对水华中心区域(BM1站)进行了25h的连续观测,以探讨春季水华对有毒类金属元素砷的生物地球化学行为的影响。结果表明,TDIAs的浓度范围为7.9~22.3nmol/L,平均值为(17.8±1.9)nmol/L。TDIAs在南黄海的分布主要表现为由近岸向外海逐渐升高的趋势,最大值出现在南部海域底层海水中。近岸海域表、底层TDIAs的含量相当,而中、南部海域由于存在明显的密度跃层,表、底层TDIAs的浓度具有显著性差异。2007年3月31日至4月1日研究区域西南部受到沙尘天气和降雨的影响,表层海水中TDIAs的含量显著升高。研究区域中、南部海域在观测期间暴发了典型的黄海春季水华,通过大面观测和对重点区域的连续观测可以发现,水华期间TDIAs的分布和磷酸盐类似,与Chl a呈现出较好的负相关关系(r=0.51,P0.05,n=39)。经初步计算,浮游植物水华对10m以上表层水体中TDIAs的清除量约为2.4nmol/L,占表层保有量的15%左右。通过箱式模型计算得出黄海TDIAs的停留时间约为(18.2±8.5)a,远远低于大洋。通过对该海域砷、磷摩尔比值的计算可以发现,南黄海砷、磷摩尔比值约为大洋中的20倍左右,这可能会引起浮游生物对砷酸盐的大量吸收和转化,从而带来潜在的生态危机,需要引起足够的重视。     

水浴浸提-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定地质样品中痕量砷和汞

采用盐酸-硝酸混合酸(盐酸-硝酸-水体积比3∶1∶4)水浴浸取地质样品,在样品消解后的母液中直接加入硫脲-抗坏血酸混合溶液,以氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定地质样品中的痕量砷和汞。方法检出限为砷0.033 6 ng/mL,汞0.003 7 ng/mL;相对标准偏差(RSD,n=1)为砷1.1%,汞3.0%。对国家一级标准物质GBW 07109~GBW 07114、GBW 07301~GBW 07312、GBW 07401~GBW 07408中的砷和汞进行测定,测定值与标准值相吻合。