BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article: Aerial Photography and Remote Sensing Aerial photography and image interpretation for Resource Management . DAVID P. PAINE . Analytical Models and Techniques Spatial Processes Models and Applications A. D. CLIFF AND J. K. ORD Quantitative and Statistical Approaches to Geography: A Practical Manual JOHN A. MATTHEWS . Cartography and Maps Map Data Processing . HERBERT FREEMAN AND GOFFREDO G. PIERONI , eds. Computer-assisted Cartography: Principles and Prospects, 1982 . MARK S. MONMONIER . Cultural Navajo Architecture: Forms, History, Distributions . STEPHEN C. JETT AND VIRGINIA E . SPENCER . Rational Landscapes and Humanistic Geography . EDWARD RELPH . Economic The Structure and Control of a State Economy . W. L. L'ESPERANCE . Economic Geography . JAMES O. WHEELER AND PETER O. MULLER . The Myth of the Family Farm: Agribusiness Dominance of U.S. Agriculture . INGOLF VOCELER . Libya: The Experience of Oil . J. A. ALLEN . Geography of Public Finance, Welfare Under Fiscal Federalism and local Government Finance . ROBERT BENNETT . Environmental Management, Resources, and Systems Mountains and Man . LARRY W. PRICE . Environmental Geology . DONALD R. COATES . An Introduction to Environmental Systems . G. H. DURY . The Environment: Chinese and American Views . Edited by LAURENCE J. C. MA AND ALLEN G. NOBLE . Land Use in America . RICHARD H. JACKSON . Medical Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Medical Geography . MELINDA S. MEADE (ed.). Philosophy and Geographic Thought Birds in Egg/Eggs in Bird . GUNNAR OLSSON . PhysicaI Climatology: Selected Applications . J. E. OLIVER . Geomorphological Techniques . ANDREW GOUDIE (ed.). Political Politics, Geography and Behaviour . RICHARD MUIR AND RONAN PADDISON . The State of the World Atlas . MICHAEL KIDRON AND RONALD SECAL . Population The Population of the South . DUDLEY L. POSTON , JR . AND ROBERT H. WELLER , eds. Regional Latin America: Economic Development and Regional Differentiation . ARTHUR MORRIS . Developing the Amazon . EMILIO F. MORAN . Western Europe: A Systematic Human Geography . BRIAN W. ILBERY . Settlement Systems in Sparsely Settled Regions: The United States and Australia . RICHARD E. LONSDALEAND JOHN H. HOLMES , eds. African Perspectives: The Economic Geography of Nine African States . HARM DE BUJ AND ESMOND MARTIN , eds. Rural Nonmetropolitan America in Transition . AMOS H. HAWLEY AND SARA MILLS MAZIE , eds. Social Crime and Environment . R. NORMAN DAVIDSON . The Ghetto: Readings with Interpretations . JOE T. DARDEN , ed. Urban Urban Problems and Planning in the Developed World . MICHAEL PACIONE (ed.) Problems and Planning in Third World Cities . Edited by MICHAEL PACIONE . The City in West Europe . D. BURTENSHAW , M. BATEMAN , AND C. J. ASHWORTH .     

长期天气变化与地球自转速度的若干关系

本文应用1820—1983年的地球自转变化率资料,分析出地球自转变化存在准44个月、准11年、准24年和准49年的周期。南方涛动指数的变化,大气活动中心位置的移动,赤道东太平洋海温的异常等,都能从地球自转速度变化思期中找到关系。已经发现,在地转长期(准24年和准49年周期)加(减)速时,南方涛动指数减弱(增强),大气活动中心向西北(东南)移动,非洲干旱区降水偏多(偏少);同时发现:在地转短期(准44个月周期)加(减)速时,赤道东太平洋海温降低(升高)。本文讨论微机在地理学上的应用,介绍可以从英美市场获得的地理软件,并检讨微机在英美地理教学和研究上的一些限制,以促进其在国内地理学上的应用。现存的软件和硬件基本上可以满足地理教学和研究上的大部分需要。随着微机价格的降低,体积的缩小,计算速度、内外存储器容量以及可携带性的增加,其实际应用将会更广。微机已逐渐成为地理教学和研究中不可缺少的工具。     

713天气雷达数字化系统

本文介绍了用IBM-PC/XT(AT)实现的天气雷达数字化系统的众多功能,分析了系统的工作原理。对于几个关键的技术问题——高速数据录取、软件数字视频积分、地物杂波抑制、座标变换及图象传输,分别给出了解决的方法和详尽的程序方框图。     

转报通信协议的Petri net描述和检验

本文论述了作者引用和设计的用于微机转报网络的两个通信协议,并用Petri net进行描述和检验。分析结果表明:协议1适用于理想信道环境,协议2有广泛的实用性,在噪声信道环境下也能保持协议的合法性,网络不会出现死锁、死环。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article: Aerial Photography and Remote Sensing. Terrain Analysis and Remote Sensing . JOHN R. G. TOWNSHEND , ed. Environmental Data Use in Computer-assisted Data Handling Systems: The Results of a Survey of Applications in the Pacific Northwest States . KENNETH E. GORDON . Applied Land Use: A Spatial Approach . JOHN F. LOUNSBURY , LAWRENCE M. SOMMERS , AND EDWARD A. FERNALD , eds. The Second Battle of New Orleans: A History of the Vieux Carre Riverfront-Expressway Controversy . RICHARD O. BAUMBACH , JR. AND WILLIAM E. BORAH . Cultural Environmental Archaeology . MYRA SHACKLEY . The Immoral landscape: Female Prostitution in Western Societies . RICHARD SYMANSKI . life Among the Poor in Cairo . UNNI WIKAN , translated by Ann Henning. Women, Work and Property in Northwest India . URSULA SHARMA . The Domestication of Women: Discrimination in Developing Societies . BARBARA ROGERS Economic Optimization in Locational and Transport Analysis . A. G. WILSON , J. D. COELHO , S. M. MACGILL , H. C. W. L. WILLIAMS . New Tools for Economic Development: The Enterprise Zone, Development Bank, and RFC . GEORGE STERNLIEB AND DAVID LISTOKIN , eds. Regional Wage Inflation . R. L. MARTIN , ed. Finding A Place For Energy-Siting Coal Conversion Facilities . FRANK J. CALZONETTI WITH MARK S. ECKERT . Environmental Management, Resources, and Systems Environmentalism. Second Edition . T. O'RIORDAN . Countryside Conservation . BRYN GREEN . Medical Spatial Diffusion: An Historical Geography of Epidemics in an Island Community . A. D. CLIFF , P. HAGGETT , J. K. ORD , AND G. R. VERSEY . Philosophy and Geographic Thought Order and Skepticism: Human Geography and the Dialectic of Science . RICHARD SZYMANSKI AND JOHN A. AGNEW . Measurement of Subjective Phenomena . D. F. JOHNSTON , ed. Conceptions of Space in Social Thought: A Geographic Perspective . ROBERT DAVID SACK . The Association of American Geographers: The First Seventy-five Years: 1904-1979 . PRESTON E. JAMES AND GEOFFREY J. MARTIN . The Life and Thought of Isaiah Bowman . GEOFFREY J. MARTIN . Physical River Basin Planning: Theory and Practice . SURANJIT K. SAHA AND CHRISTOPHER J. BARROW , eds. Soils and landforms: An Integration of Ceomorphology and Pedology . A. I. GERRARD Climatic Change and Society. Consequences of Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide . WILLIAM W. KELLOGG AND ROBERT SCHWARE . Political Political Redistrictings and Geographic Theory . RICHARD L. MORRILL . Population Studies in Spanish American Population History: Dell Plain Latin American Studies NO. 8 . DAVID J. ROBINSON , ed. Population Redistribution in the Midwest . CURTIS C. ROSEMAN , ANDREW J. SOFRANKO , AND JAMES D. WILLIAMS , eds. Geographical Perspectives on the Elderly . A. M. WARNES , ed. Regional Perspective On the American South . MERLE BLACK AND JOHN SHELTON REED , eds. The Prairies and Plains: Prospects for the 80s . JOHN R. ROGGE , ed. Rural Rural Settlement in an Urban World . MICHAEL BUNCE . Social Accident at Three Mile Island: The Human Dimensions . DAVID L. SILLS , C. P. WOLF , AND VIVIEN B. SHELANSKI , eds. The American Small Town: Twentieth-Century Place Images . JOHN JAKLE . Urban A House of My Own . SUSAN LOBO . The City: Patterns and Processes in the Urban Ecosystem . CHRISTOPHER H. EXLINE , GARY L. PETERS , AND ROBERT P. LARKIN . Movement in Cities . P. W. DANIELS AND A. M. WARNES . Urbanization and Urban Planning in Capitalist Society . MICHAEL DEAR AND ALLEN J. SCOT , eds.     

Measuring land-use and land-cover change using the U.S. department of agriculture’s cropland data layer: Cautions and recommendations

Monitoring agricultural land is important for understanding and managing food production, environmental conservation efforts, and climate change. The United States Department of Agriculture's Cropland Data Layer (CDL), an annual satellite imagery-derived land cover map, has been increasingly used for this application since complete coverage of the conterminous United States became available in 2008. However, the CDL is designed and produced with the intent of mapping annual land cover rather than tracking changes over time, and as a result certain precautions are needed in multi-year change analyses to minimize error and misapplication. We highlight scenarios that require special considerations, suggest solutions to key challenges, and propose a set of recommended good practices and general guidelines for CDL-based land change estimation. We also characterize a problematic issue of crop area underestimation bias within the CDL that needs to be accounted for and corrected when calculating changes to crop and cropland areas. When used appropriately and in conjunction with related information, the CDL is a valuable and effective tool for detecting diverse trends in agriculture. By explicitly discussing the methods and techniques for post-classification measurement of land-cover and land-use change using the CDL, we aim to further stimulate the discourse and continued development of suitable methodologies. Recommendations generated here are intended specifically for the CDL but may be broadly applicable to additional remotely-sensed land cover datasets including the National Land Cover Database (NLCD), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-based land cover products, and other regional, national, and global land cover classification maps.     

基于MapInfo的COM回调机制开发GIS应用

Microsoft.NET是微软公司推出的新平台,具有强大的全方位技术兼容性。另外,目前基于微软平台的软件通信几乎都是COM实现的,而MapInfo软件是应用广泛的主流GIS软件之一。本文主要结合COM和MapInfo实现GIS的应用开发,即利用.NET的COM组件封装技术实现MapInfo相关接口的打包封装,之后利用.NET的COM回调机制——实现更具简便性与灵活性的GIS应用。本文详细探讨了该机制在实现MapInfo二次开发中的具体思路及关键技术点,取得了较为满意的应用效果。     

基于HTML5+CSS3+jQuery Mobile的台站智能管理系统开发与实现

随着黑龙江省地震局省内运维任务越来越重,出现了运维管理模式无法优化资源配置,运维流程比较随意,设备缺乏数字化管理,运维人员有限等问题。为了解决实际工作问题,结合地震设备运维管理系统软件在黑龙江省区域运维中的应用,采用HTML5+CSS3+jQuery Mobile软件技术开发了一套基于移动端的设备管理系统,使用户可以同时用移动端与PC端,通过Web浏览器操作服务器,实现了区域运维中心对地震监测设备的统一数字化管理,提高了管理效率。     

科研鱼探仪数据的解编及地球物理应用

目前常规海洋测绘手段主要包括电子海图、单波束、多波束、侧扫声呐等,这些方法的单独使用会存在诸如数据样本稀疏、施工成本昂贵、难以获取确切深度等局限之处。基于超声波回声原理的科研鱼探仪广泛用于渔业资源调查与评估中,是渔业领域的主要统计手段,具有数据体量大、来源丰富、采集成本低的特点。超声回波数据在刻画鱼群数量、方位的同时,携带有海底地形与海水温盐结构信息,可以作为常规海洋测绘方法的补充。特别是数据解编后得到的高精度水体数据,可以用于海洋地球物理等研究,故针对科研鱼探仪数据的解编工作亟待进行。本文针对科研鱼探仪(SIMRAD EK80)的采集数据进行解编处理,并基于对道头信息的分析,实现对数据文件的重新分类,提取与海洋地球物理领域相关的位置、样点能量值等数据信息进行分析研究,旨在丰富海洋地球物理研究数据来源,为常规海洋探测工作提供借鉴,提升数据利用效能。     

河北省太阳散射辐射时空分布特征研究

为更好地利用太阳能资源,对河北省太阳散射辐射时空分布特征进行研究。利用1961--2010年河北省周边7个太阳辐射观测站的资料,计算河北省周边7个太阳辐射观测站的散射辐射误差,拟合得出河北省太阳散射辐射经验公式,分析其时空分布特征。结果表明：（1）河北省近50年太阳散射辐射年总量总体呈微小的升高趋势。其中,升高幅度相对较大的秦皇岛为4．0％,升高幅度相对较小的廊坊为0．7％。（2）河北省水平面太阳散射辐射年总量近50年平均值空间差异不大,〈2240MI·m^-2主要分布在张家口西北部和秦皇岛西南部,〉2480MJ·m^-2主要分布在保定北部,大部分地区介于2320-2480MJ·m^-2。