全国农村民居抗震性能综述

地震灾害对农村的影响巨大,如何提高农村民居工程的抗震性能变得至关重要。通过文献调查、对比的方法,重点阐述全国农村民居的抗震性能现状,在对比基础上提出各地农村民居抗震性能的优劣情况,并探寻提高农村民居抗震性能的方式方法。     

Evaluating walkability: a capability-wise planning and design support system

We present a methodology and a planning and design support software tool for evaluating walkability and pedestrian accessibility of places which are relevant for people’s capabilities, and thus an important component of quality of life in cities. A multicriteria evaluation model, at the core of the decision support system, is used to assign walkability scores to points in urban space. Walkability scores are obtained through algorithms which process spatial data and run the evaluation model in order to derive potential pedestrian routes along the street network, taking into account the quality of urban space on several attributes relevant for walkability. One of its notable characteristics is a certain reversal of perspective in evaluating walkability: the walkability score of a place does not reflect how that place is per se walkable, but instead how and where to can one walk from there, that is to say, what is the walkability the place is endowed with. This evaluation incorporates three intertwined elements: the number of destinations/opportunities reachable by foot, their walking distances, and the quality of the paths to these destinations. In this article, we furthermore demonstrate possible uses of the support system by reporting and discussing the results of a case-study assessment of a project for the Lisbon’s Segunda Circular (Second Ring Road). The software tool is made freely available for download.     

多尺度视角下技术转移网络对城市创新能力的影响

在多尺度视角下探讨技术转移网络对城市创新能力的影响及机制。结果表明：(1)中国城市技术转移强度空间分布不均衡,技术转移网络等级分布明显。(2)中国技术转移网络全行业网络集中度较高,不同尺度分网络差异显著。(3)不同尺度的技术转移均有助于提升城市创新能力,但存在尺度差异。城市尺度作用最强,国家尺度次之,省域尺度影响最小。说明地理邻近对创新有显著促进作用,同时,知识的复杂程度影响创新,获取知识的复杂程度越高,越有利于提升城市创新能力。     

安徽测震台网监测能力评估

安徽测震台网接收邻省19个测震台站数据,评估该数据对地震监测能力效益的改进,并对今后提高测震台网监测能力进行探讨.     

基于行程距离最优及容量受限的避难所分配算法研究

针对城市重大突发事件人员紧急疏散策略,提出一种基于替换插值机制的预受灾人员避难所分配算法,该算法综合考虑避难场所容量受限性及城市人口在空间分布上的不均匀性,实现对预计受灾人口（空间单元）进行科学分配避难所,在确保每个避难所容量不超限的同时,使所有被疏散人员的总行程距离最小化,并尽可能使每个避难所服务范围具有空间连续性,从而为城市人员紧急疏散提供科学依据和辅助决策。试验证明该算法的有效性和可行性,并在实际项目中得到较好应用。     

测绘科学中拓展性思维训练与创新能力的培养

在测绘人才的培养过程中,学生创新能力的培养不仅仅需要掌握知识,更迫切的是研究创新过程中的思维方法,促进学生思维方式的转变,培养科学的思维方法.拓展思维是对常规思维方法的拓展,包括对思维方武在深度与广度上进行拓展,与创思维方法具有密切的关系.本文剖析了拓展思维与测绘教育中学生创新能力的关系,同时针对学生创新能力培养中的拓...     

双/多基地天气雷达探测小椭球降水粒子的侧向散射能力

首先给出小椭球粒子侧向和后向散射截面的表达式,将其中相关参数用双基地雷达坐标系中的量表示,在定义小椭球粒子侧向散射能力后,分别推导出发射水平与垂直偏振波条件下估算侧向散射能力的算式,并通过仿真计算,获得各高度上的侧向散射能力和分布情况.得出的主要结果为:(1)发射水平偏振波时,在低高度的等高面上,当离开基线垂直向上或向下距离增加时,侧向散射能力先逐渐变小到最小值后,再逐渐增大.在基线左、右的延线上也基本呈这种分布,仅在主站与子站的垂直方向上存在侧向散射能力的最低区域.随着等高面高度升高,侧向散射能力分布情况基本相似,仅子站上下的弱侧向散射值有所提高.(2)发射垂直偏振波时,在低高度水平面上无论被探测的扁旋转椭球粒子处在该平面上(除主站与子站张培昌等:双/多基地天气雷达探测小椭球降水粒子的侧向散射能力.     

A discussion on improving typhoon observation through radar by scanning the negative elevation angle

Certain feasibilities and features were discussed in typhoon detection by radar with a negative elevation angle according to the relationship between the remote detecting range and the elevation angle of the new generation weather radar, in order to rectify the disadvantages of detecting capability for remote low-level echo with a lowest elevation angle of 0.5° in the common detecting mode. The data obtained from detecting the typhoon of Haitang and Changmi with radar for their negative elevation angles and the observed data for the common lowest elevation angle of 0.5° were compared to each other. The results showed that the detection of remote low level cloud system with radar could be improved by using the negative elevation angle, and the structure and the evolution trend of a typhoon could be better judged. The increasing degree of detection for negative elevation angles in the current volume scanning mode should be helpful for predicting the intensity and developing trend of windstorms, to further improve the capability of warning and nowcasting. The detection of negative elevation angle could also help reveal the development and change of typhoon＇s low level cloud system. As far as the typhoons of Haitang and Changmi were concerned, the detecting area of Changmi was increased by 1.09 times with the negative elevation angle of 0.31°, compared with the elevation angle of 0.48° if the threshold value for the sea echo within 100 km was eliminated. Several volume scans of Haitang were increased by 2.1%-7.9% for the negative elevation angle of 0.36° compared with the elevation angle of 0.49° . Therefore, the radar detecting capability of typhoons could be improved by the detection of negative elevation angles to some extent. This could make up for the disadvantages of a low detecting capability for remote low-level echo in the common detecting mode. At the same time, a negative elevation angle could be easily influenced by the ground clutter and the close sea wave clutter which interfered with the asses     

中国新能源产业技术创新能力时空格局演变及影响因素分析

基于中国367个城市单元的太阳能和风能专利申请数据测度中国新能源产业技术创新能力,采用基尼系数、空间自相关、空间计量模型等方法,对2001—2018年中国新能源产业创新发展阶段、总体分异、空间分布、空间关联以及影响因素进行探究。研究发现：① 中国新能源产业技术创新发展整体呈现增长态势,同时存在明显的阶段性特征,与“石油危机”“金融危机”等重要节点事件有密切关系。② 中国新能源技术创新能力的区域总体分异特征明显,全国尺度下内部空间差异大。东部地区基尼系数维持相对稳定,创新能力较弱的西部地区,新能源技术创新能力差异也最大。而中、东北部地区内部空间分异相对均衡且差异不断缩小。③ 高、较高水平的新能源技术创新城市空间分布具有较强的经济依赖性,且广泛分布在经济较发达城市。④ 太阳能和风能技术创新能力Moran's I值均为正且呈不断上升趋势,说明新能源技术创新能力在城市间存在显著的空间相关性。高-高集聚区主要集中分布在京津冀、长三角、珠三角地区,而高-低集聚区主要分布在中西部地区的省会城市,对周边城市的带动辐射作用不明显。⑤ 经济发展基础、教育水平、工业化水平、用电需求、人力资本、科技投入、资源禀赋、环境规制等9个方面因素不同程度影响着全国层面和四大地区层面城市的新能源产业技术创新能力的形成。     

牧民自我发展能力评价与培育——以甘南牧区为例

牧民自我发展能力是指牧民以可持续的方式理解和应对发展需求的能力.本文以甘南牧区为例,对牧民自我发展能力及其与牧民收入的关系进行了定量评价.得出以下结论:(1)甘南牧区牧民缺乏自我发展能力;(2)牧民自我发展能力更多依赖于牧民生产投资因子及非农就业因子,而知识发展因子、生产效率因子、人力资本投资因子对其贡献率较低;(3)牧民自我发展能力与牧民收入的相关度较高.基于上述研究结论,提出了提高牧民自我发展能力的相关政策建议.