2008—2018年黑龙江省大气自净能力变化特征分析

利用2008—2018年黑龙江省33个观测站的定时观测气象资料,按照国标《大气自净能力等级》（GB/T34299—2017）,分析了黑龙江省大气自净能力时间、空间的变化特征,并以省会城市哈尔滨为例,结合逐日空气质量指数（AQI）数据,分析了大气自净能力与AQI的关系。结果表明：2008—2018年黑龙江省平均大气自净能力指数为12.6×10⁴ km·a^-1,整体呈上升趋势,2015年以来大气自净能力明显增强。春季大气自净能力最高,秋季次之,冬季最低;空间分布大致呈北低南高分布,包含二、三级两个级别,春季全省各地均处于第二级别,有利于对大气污染物的清除,冬季漠河处于第五级别,不利于对大气污染物的清除;哈尔滨市冬季AQI与大气自净力指数呈显著负相关,考虑了通风量和雨洗作用的大气自净能力与AQI关系密切,直接影响着空气质量状况。     

土地集约利用背景下的地下空间开发——“十二五”静安区地下空间开发与利用规划的初步研究

城市地下空间开发是集约利用土地的重要手段之一,对于提升城市空间容量、解决城市问题具有很大的现实意义。本文结合静安土地资源稀缺的实际情况,参照国外地下空间的开发经验,对静安＂十二五＂期间地下空间开发与利用的规划原则、总体布局、重点区域等方面进行探讨。     

山西地区Ms〉4．0地震地倾斜资料异常变化特征

2009-2010年山西地区相继发生4次Ms〉4．0地震,着重对地震前地倾斜资料的异常变化进行分析,汲取地倾斜数字资料中的地震前兆信息,从而为准确利用临汾地震台地倾斜资料,分析预报地震提供依据。     

人工神经网络泛化性能改进

泛化能力是人工神经网络的重要特性.总结了增强神经网络泛化能力的几种方法,分析了各自的优缺点,并使用Matlab中提供的函数进行非线性函数的逼近,通过仿真与原函数拟合验证了泛化能力的提高．     

过程能力指数在化探样品分析质量评估中的应用

过程能力指数(C_PK)是衡量工序能力满足产品质量标准要求程度的量值,C_PK越大,产品质量越高,同时考虑到生产加工的经济性,通常将C_PK控制在一个可以接受的水平。本研究首次将工业生产常用的过程能力指数方法运用于地矿实验室分析质量评估,通过计算西藏1:20万罗拉木等两个图幅化探样品中插入的西藏地区沉积物成分分析标准物质(GBW 07320、GBW 07325、GBW 07328)共114个检测项目的过程能力指数,综合评价样品分析数据的整体质量。结果表明,所有检测项目的C_PK均大于C_PK允许值,Na₂O、MgO、Al₂O₃、SiO₂等63个检测项目的C_PK>1.33,Cu、Li、Be、W等47个项目的C_PK>0.67,Th、Ag、Cr、Hg等4个项目的C_PK<0.67。对于过程能力较差的检测项目应列入质量改进计划,如通过能力验证试验、选择合适的标准物质、仪器期间核查、标准化操作、分析技术改进等措施提高分析数据的准确度和稳定性。过程能力指数的应用为化探样品分析测试质量评价提供了一种简便快捷、科学合理的质量评价方法,可为不同检测项目分析方案的合理选择提供依据,同时有效降低实验室经济成本。     

机载激光测深系统试点应用研究

首先概述了三种最新的机载激光测深系统的基本情况,然后介绍了两次不同的机载激光测深系统试验的情况及其结果。试验情况表明,机载激光测深系统在南中国海能够到达标称的测深能力,能够实现海陆一体化地理空间数据获取,具有广阔的应用前景。     

CBDR&RC in a regime applicable to all

The principle of common, but differentiated, responsibilities and respective capabilities (CBDR&RC) is fundamental to the UNFCCC. Some options for a nuanced model of differentiation that addresses both responsibility and capability in a changing world are explored, such as new categories of countries, and some of the political issues that such a model might face are considered. The strengths and limitations of options for graduation based on ‘objective’ criteria such that countries could move between categories or ‘graduate’ – an option provided by the UNFCCC – are discussed. Countries could also choose to join another club (e.g. the G20), self-elect into categories or differentiate among themselves implicitly by accepting different commitments and actions. CBDR&RC will form part of the overall legally binding agreement, and must apply symmetry in some respects and differentiation in others to the commitments and actions contained therein. Some possible characteristics of CBDR&RC of relevance in a regime ‘applicable to all’ are outlined. These include promoting climate action and using mechanisms available in the UNFCCC to instil dynamism. Differentiation on mitigation must consider the distinctions between absolute and relative reductions, as well as commitments to outcomes and implementation. CBDR&RC should be applied to mitigation, adaptation, and the means of implementation.

Policy relevance

In Durban, Parties agreed to negotiate a regime ‘applicable to all’, which sent a political signal that there should be greater symmetry between nations. The world has changed since the UNFCCC was negotiated in 1992. It is now less helpful to think only in terms of two groups of countries (e.g. Annex I and non-Annex I), and evident that there are significant differences between member states. This requires a more nuanced interpretation of the principles of equity and CBDR&RC, which is an integral part of the UNFCCC. The options for the different approaches outlined in this article might help in the construction of a more nuanced model. All must do more, while some must do more still than others. To achieve this, some defining characteristics of CBDR&RC in a regime applicable to all are suggested.     

基于信号模拟器的接收机抗干扰测试方法研究

为了衡量导航终端接收机的抗干扰性能,满足产品测试需求,针对干扰信号的复杂特点,研究了导航终端接收机的抗干扰性能测试方法。针对几种典型的干扰信号进行分析和仿真,得到最佳干扰效果。同时利用软件的信号模拟发生器,改变干扰类型、干扰强度以及干扰频段,对卫星导航软件接收机的抗干扰能力进行了测试,仿真实验验证了测试方法的可行性。     

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