中尼公路多年冻土工程地质性质分析及整治设计

通过对中尼公路嘉措拉山多年冻土工程地质性质的分析,确定其为高温多年冻土,热稳定性属不稳定型;并对此多年冻土的整治原则、路基合理高度、路基路面综合设计进行了探讨。     

太原市地表热环境时空格局分析

针对鲜有资源型城市的地表热环境研究这一情况,该文基于Landsat8遥感数据,反演了太原市在2013—2015年间共3期的地表温度。提出一个考虑空间格局结构的城市热岛效应指数,在3期数据中,太原市区整体热岛效应指数分别为9.1%、9.8%和8.9%;同时,根据城市功能和路网结构将太原市区划分为6个分区,从分区级层面量化分析了地表热环境的时空分异特征规律,结果表明,太原市区地表温度整体呈现空间分散化特征,不同分区也呈现出不同的时空格局演变过程;最后,选取40个地表温度实测样本点验证反演精度,最大误差绝对值为1.1℃,最小误差绝对值为0.2℃,均方根误差为0.7℃。     

Landsat 8热红外数据定标参数的变化及其对地表温度反演的影响

Landsat系列卫星上的TIRS热红外传感器数据已被大量应用,针对TIRS数据的地表温度反演也相继开发出一些算法,并有一些研究对TIRS数据的定标及其地表温度反演算法的精度进行了对比。本文主要就TIRS热红外传感器定标参数的变化,结合这些定标参数变化的时间点对有关地表温度反演算法的适用性和有效性进行分析,特别是对劈窗算法是否适合当前的TIRS数据进行了讨论,以使用户能够对Landsat 8 TIRS热红外数据的正确使用有进一步的认识。总的看来,由于视域外杂散光的影响,TIRS数据的定标精度仍达不到设计目标,TIRS第11波段的不确定性仍成倍大于TIRS 10波段。因此,在Landsat团队未彻底解决这一问题之前,同时用TIRS第10、第11这两个差距较大的波段构成的劈窗算法来反演地表温度,其精度存在较大的不确定性,US6-S团队仍在致力于改进第11波段的精度,改进后的波段可以用劈窗策法。目前应以TIRS第10单波段的方式来反演地表温度为宜。     

温度、饵料种类对中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)油脂积累与生长发育的影响

中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)C5期幼体的油脂积累是种群在黄海冷水团中得以顺利度夏的关键过程。本研究对温度(10°C和19°C恒温,10—19°CⅠ和10—19°CⅡ变温)与饵料种类(硅藻饵料,自然饵料)双因子培养实验进行研究,探讨温度和饵料种类对中华哲水蚤油脂积累与生长发育的影响作用。结果表明,不同的温度和饵料种类对C5期幼体的油脂积累均有影响。C5期幼体在变温组的油脂积累是10°C组的31%—102%,是19°C组的1.8—6.1倍,低温有利于C5期幼体降低个体代谢消耗以增加油脂的积累。在恒温培养下,C5期幼体在硅藻饵料组的油脂积累是自然饵料组的2.8倍,硅藻饵料比自然饵料更有利于油脂的积累。雌体的体长和油囊体积均随着温度的升高而减小。与硅藻饵料相比,在自然饵料组中雌体的性腺发育速度更快,性腺成熟度更高(繁殖指数:58%—65%)。     

Electrical analogy for modelling thermal regime and moisture distribution in sandy soils

The soil mass is subjected to temperature variation due to several human activities (viz. tanks storing heated fluids, buried cables and pipelines, air-conditioning ducts, disposal of nuclear and thermal power plant wastes etc.), which result in heat-induced migration of the moisture in it. Though several studies have been conducted in the past to investigate the mechanism of heat migration through the soil mass, a methodology for ‘real-time measurement of the variations in temperature, flux and moving moisture front, in tandem, with respect to space' has rarely been attempted. In this context, extensive laboratory investigations were conducted to measure real-time flux and temperature variations in the sandy soils, and the validation of results has been done by employing an equivalent electrical circuit programme, LTspice. Subsequently, a mathematical model PHITMDS (i.e. Prediction of Heat-Induced Temperature and Moisture Distribution in Soil) has been developed and its utility and efficacy, for predicting the depth-wise temperature and heat-induced moisture migration, due to evaporation, in terms of position of moving moisture front in the sandy soil has been critically discussed and demonstrated.     

渝东南地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩孔径分布测试方法研究

低温氮气吸附法已普遍用于评价页岩的孔隙结构,但是文献中报道的脱气温度和脱气时间等测试条件不尽相同,此外测试结果中经常出现滞后环不闭合的情况,严重影响了孔径分布等结构参数测试的准确性。为了评价和探索有效的页岩孔径分布测试方法,本文选取渝科1井下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色页岩,重点研究应用低温氮气吸附法分析其孔径分布的测试条件,系统探讨了样品质量、脱气温度、升温速率和脱气时间对测试结果的影响,通过进一步优化参数建立了可靠的孔径分布测试方法,并成功用于测定其他页岩样品。结果表明:吸附-脱附等温线呈反C型,属于Brunauer等提出的BDDT等温吸附曲线分类中的V型,滞后环完全闭合,属于IUPAC分类中的H4型,对应狭窄的狭缝型孔隙,说明此类页岩中除了含有峰值孔径主要集中在3.5~4.5 nm的中孔和一定数量的大孔外,还存在大量微孔。研究认为脱气温度是影响测试结果的主要因素。该研究是页岩孔径分布测试方法的一项补充,为我国页岩气的深入研究提供了关键参数支持。     

基于GIPL2模型的青藏高原活动层土壤热状况模拟研究

青藏高原活动层土壤热状况,对深入了解高原活动层的厚度变化特征、下垫面的热力作用以及对气候变化预测均有重要意义。利用GIPL2模型模拟青藏高原多年冻土区不同植被状况下活动层土壤热状况。模拟结果表明：模型在高寒草原（QT06）试验点模拟效果较好,高寒沼泽草甸（QT03）试验点的模拟效果较差,高寒草甸（QT01）、高寒荒漠草原（QT05）和高寒草原化草甸（QT04）试验点的模拟效果介于高寒草原试验点和高寒沼泽草甸试验点之间。QT01、QT03、QT04、QT05和QT06的土壤温度模拟值与观测值相比,均方根误差分别为0.67、1.29、0.73、0.7和0.56℃;相关系数分别为0.99、0.87、0.98、0.98和0.96;平均误差分别为0.37、0.61、0.31、0.45和0.16℃。QT06模拟结果较好,原因在于此点土壤质地变化不大,模型的分层与所取的参数更加接近此点的实际状况。QT03模拟结果较差,可能由于此地区土壤中存在砾石,在导热率参数化方案中没有考虑砾石含量,导致模拟结果偏差较大。总体而言,GIPL2模型对青藏高原活动层土壤热状况的模拟具有一定的优势,是一种模拟多年冻土区活动层土壤热状况较为理想的模型。     

Winkler地基梁在温度场中受简谐激励的主共振分析

研究W inkler地基梁在温度场中受简谐激励作用的主共振问题。应用弹性理论和Galerk in方法建立W inkler地基梁在温度场中受简谐激励作用的非线性动力方程。应用非线性振动的多尺度法,求得系统主共振的近似解。分析不同参数对主共振响应曲线的影响。     

Verification and recalibration of HY-2A microwave radiometer brightness temperature

HY-2A is the first one of the Chinese HY-2 ocean satellite series carrying a microwave radiometer(RM)to measure sea surface temperature,sea surface wind speed,atmospheric water vapor,cloud liquid water content,and rain rate.We verified the RM level 1B brightness temperature(T B)to retrieve environmental parameters.In the verification,TB that simulated using the ocean-atmosphere radiative transfer model(RTM)was used as a reference.The total bias and total standard deviation(SD)of the RM level 1B TB,with reference to the RTM simulation,ranged-20.6-4.38 K and 0.7-2.93 K,respectively.We found that both the total bias and the total SD depend on the frequency and polarization,although the values for ascending and descending passes are different.In addition,substantial seasonal variation of the bias was found at all channels.The verification results indicate the RM has some problems regarding calibration,e.g.,correction of antenna spillover and antenna physical emission,especially for the 18.7-GHz channel.Based on error analyses,a statistical recalibration algorithm was designed and recalibration was performed for the RM level 1B TB.Validation of the recalibrated TB indicated that the quality of the recalibrated RM level 1B TB was improved significantly.The bias of the recalibrated T B at all channels was reduced to<0.4 K,seasonal variation was almost eradicated,and SD was diminished(i.e.,the SD of the 18.7-GHz channel was reduced by more than 0.5K).     

A comprehensive analysis of phenological changes in forest vegetation of the Funiu Mountains,China

Journal of Geographical Sciences - This paper reports the phenological response of forest vegetation to climate change (changes in temperature and precipitation) based on Moderate Resolution...