利用扫描式红外亮温仪对天空云量的试验观测

利用中国科学院大气物理研究所中层大气与全球环境探测实验室自主开发研制的全自动扫描式天空红外亮温仪,于2007年4-8月在北京市气象局南郊观象台进行了试验观测.利用获得的天空红外亮温数据和南郊观象台(54511站)实时地面气象数据,进行了天空云量的计算.将整点前30 min内观测的云量的平均值作为与观象台观测对应的整点观测云量,分不同情况与观象台目视观测结果进行了对比分析.结果表明:(1)对于中低云,两种观测的云量比较一致,但如果在此期间云消散或增加很快,则差别较大.其主要原因是观测的时间和方式不同所造成的.(2)对于以卷云为主的天空情况,特别是高层薄卷云的情况,两种观测的云量差别较大.原因是受到目前试验所使用的红外传感器低温测量范围的限制(-50℃),以及判定云的阈值算法目前还只对于中低云比较适用,对于卷云的判断能力比较薄弱.(3)对于天空情况比较复杂,以及能见度不好的情况(气象站目视云量记录为10-),两种观测的云量差别也很大.其差别既受到仪器性能的影响,也与观测员视力与经验有关.仪器受到最低测量温度的限制,反演算法也有其不确定性,而观测员在低能见度时的观测局限性亦是一个重要原因.利用SIRIS-1进行云量和云底高度观测的优点是时间分辨率高,且全天时自动化,但对于卷云的判断还较薄弱.     

全液压车装钻机在集束式潜孔锤反井施工中的应用

采用SDC1500型全液压钻机配套新型集束式反井气动锤施工工艺,成功解决了传统的反井钻机效率低下的问题。结合内蒙古自治区准格尔煤田黄玉川煤矿大直径排水井工程,对该施工工艺方法进行了总结。     

FD－300型液压传动顶驱式钻机的研制

介绍了ＦＤ－３００型液压传动顶驱式钻机的设计思路及钻机的组成，性能，主要参数，主要特点以及钻机型式检验与生产试验概况。     

基于相位差时延估计法的岩石声发射源定位研究

针对岩石力学试验声发射时差定位算法中时延估计精度受诸多不确定因素的影响问题,提出全相位相位差法时延估计,通过小波分解与全相位频谱分析相结合求解相位差得到声发射信号的时延估计。利用小波分解找到不同传感器接收到的声发射信号中的同一主频的子带信号;对这些同一主频的子带信号分别做全相位频谱分析,得到每个子带信号中间样点的相位,再根据相位差与时间差的关系求出声发射信号到达不同传感器之间的时间差;进而利用时差定位法反演声发射源,实现了声发射源更精确的定位。在花岗岩（50 mm×100 mm×50 mm）上进行断铅试验,选取10个测点,经声发射监测验证结果表明,该时延估计方法能有效地减小声发射源定位的误差,提高声发射源的定位精度,平均绝对误差比美国PCI-2型声发射仪器定位结果提高约3 mm,该方法为反演声发射源提供了一种有效途径。     

近三年来国际上天体测量研究的进展

本文简述近三年来国际上天体测量的研究进展 ,特别是依巴谷星表向暗星扩充、2 0世纪初照相观测改进自行的精度和巡天观测资料对特殊天体物理现象的检测等方面的研究动态。最后介绍了空间天体测量卫星DIVA、GAIA、SIM和FAME计划的进展。     

密云232MHz星表的可靠性研究(英文)

利用密云综合孔径射电望远镜，在232MHZ频率，对于北纬30°以上天区的巡天已经完成.除了银道面区域（|b|＜10°）的射电源外，密云总星表（MGC）共包含了26957颗射电源．MGC的完整性和均匀性已在另文讨论．本文将利用所有处理完的MSRT资料和其它已发表的主要射电源表，研究密云总星表的可靠性．     

Three-Dimensional Gravity Modeling In All Space

We review available analytical algorithms for the gravity effect and gravity gradients especially the vertical gravity gradient due to a right rectangular prism, a right polygonal prism, and a polyhedron. The emphasis is placed on an investigation of validity, consistency, and especially singularities of different algorithms, which have been traditionally proposed for calculation of the gravity effect on ground (or outside anomalous bodies), when they are applied to all points in space. The rounding error due to the computer floating point precision is estimated. The gravity effect and vertical gradient of gravity in three dimensions caused by a cubic model are calculated by different types of algorithms. The reliability of algorithms for the calculation of gravity of a right polygonal prism and a polyhedron is further verified by using a regular polygonal prism approximating a vertical cylinder and a regular polyhedron approximating a sphere, respectively. By highlighting Haáz-Jung-Plouff and Okabe-Steiner-Zilahi-Sebess' formulae for a right rectangular prism, Plouff's algorithm for a right polygonal prism, and Gouml;tze and Lahmeyer's algorithm for a polyhedron and removing their singularities, we demonstrate that these formulae and algorithms can be used to model the gravity anomaly and its vertical gradient at all possible computation positions.     

Groundbased Doas UV/visible measurements at Kiruna (Sweden) during the sesame winters 1993/94 and 1994/95.

Zenith sky observations of O3, NO2, OClO and BrO are reported, which were performed at Kiruna (67.9°N, 21.1°E) within the SESAME winters 1993/1994 and 1994/95. For both winters large total amounts of OClO were observed inside the polar vortex at twilight, indicating the degree and the temporal variation of the halogen activation of the polar stratosphere. Occasionally OClO could also be observed outside the polar vortex, most likely due to export of halogen activated vortex air masses into the ambient stratosphere. BrO could also be detected in winter 1994/95, with the largest slant column amounts (5·1014/cm2) occuring in the polar vortex in mid-winter. Similar abundances of stratospheric BrO were observed at dusk and dawn, for both, air masses inside and outside the vortex. This observation is in reasonable agreement with previous studies on stratospheric BrO (observations and models) of Wahner et al. (1992), Arpag et al. (1994), Krug et al. (1996), and Lary et al. (1996a,b), but partly in disagreement with those of Solomon et al. (1989), Fish et al. (1995), and Sessler et al. (1996).     

A theoretical study of the time-dependent behaviour of O in the mid-latitude plasmasphere

The behaviour of O²⁺ at L = 3 in the plasmasphere is studied. Starting with a low O²⁺ flux-tube content to characterize post-magnetic-storm conditions the time-dependent equations of continuity and momentum for O²⁺ are solved to give densities and fluxes for a period of several days using both sunspotmaximum and sunspot-minimum parameters. Our results show large amounts of O²⁺ near the equator at sunspot maximum but relatively little at sunspot minimum, and emphasize the key role of the collisional process between O²⁺ and O⁺. It is the combined effects of O²⁺---O ⁺ collisions and thermal diffusion that lead to the large O²⁺ densities near the equator at sunspot maximum. Both of these mechanisms have less influence at sunspot minimum. At sunspot maximum the O⁺ layer acts as a collisional barrier below the O²⁺ production region preventing O²⁺ from sinking towards regions of high recombination rate. In this production region the effects of thermal diffusion are small and upward flow of O²⁺ results from the action of the O²⁺ pressure gradient and the polarization electric field. When the upward flowing O²⁺ reaches regions in which thermal diffusion has a strong influence it is accelerated to even higher altitudes. The O ⁺ barrier is so effective that the diurnal variation of the O⁺ layer is reflected in the diurnal variation of O²⁺ near the equator at sunspot maximum. Our sunspot maximum results also indicate that certain types of temperature profiles are more likely to enhance equatorial O²⁺ densities. The existence of large temperature gradients below 1000 km altitude does not help the flow of O²⁺ towards the equator. The associated changes in the O⁺ layer lead to more O²⁺-O ⁺collisions and a smaller O²⁺ thermal-diffusion coefficient, the latter being sensitive to the ratio n(H⁺)/n(O⁺).     

全雌鲻鱼培育的进一步研究

为了验证和完善培育全雌鲻鱼的技术路线，我们在首次培育试验成功的基础上，通过调整用药剂量和增加试验鱼数量，进行第二次培育试验。试验选用体长2．8－3.5cm、性别未分化的鲻鱼苗，分为三组。高剂量组和低剂量组分别投喂拌有不同剂量17β-雌二醇的饲料，持续6个月，对照组则投喂不含药物的饲料，结果显示，高剂量组鲻鱼全部分化为雌性，低剂量组雌性率达90％，对照组雌性率仅为10％。与第一次试验结果相比较，我们认为，全雌鲻鱼培育的技术路线更为成熟和合理，为将来推广应用提供可靠的技术保证。